Abstract
Recently, a project was initiated in Japan to transport a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH2) from Australia to Japan by sea. It is important to understand the sloshing and boil-off that are likely to occur inside an LH2 tank during marine transportation by ship, but such characteristics are yet to be experimentally clarified. To do so, we combined the liquid level detected by five 500 mm long external-heating-type magnesium diboride (MgB2) level sensors with synchronous measurements of temperature, pressure, ship motion, and acceleration during a zigzag maneuver. During this zigzag maneuver, the pressure of gaseous hydrogen (GH2) in the small LH2 tank increased to roughly 0.67 MPaG/h, and the temperature of the GH2 in the small LH2 tank increased at the position of gaseous hydrogen at roughly 1.0 K/min when the maximum rolling angle was 5°; the average rolling and liquid-oscillation periods were 114 and 118 s, respectively, as detected by the MgB2 level sensors, which therefore detected a long-period LH2 wave due to the ship’s motion.
Highlights
In 2015, the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change was convened in Paris, France
Hydrogen gas is produced using brown coal from Australia. This hydrogen gas is liquefied on site because liquid hydrogen (LH2 : 20 K) is roughly 800 times denser than gaseous hydrogen (GH2 : 300 K, 0.1 MPa)
The purpose of the present study was to use five 500 mm long external-heating-type MgB2 level sensors to understand the sloshing that occurred inside the LH2 optical cryostat during marine transportation by the training ship Fukae-maru
Summary
In 2015, the 21st session of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change was convened in Paris, France. A goal was agreed on for the parties to the Paris Agreement to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the post-2020 period. Against this background, hydrogen has been attracting immense attention as a medium for solving global environmental problems and avoiding a future energy crisis, because only water is produced when hydrogen chemically reacts with oxygen. Hydrogen gas is produced using brown coal from Australia. This hydrogen gas is liquefied on site because liquid hydrogen (LH2 : 20 K) is roughly 800 times denser than gaseous hydrogen (GH2 : 300 K, 0.1 MPa)
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