Training Ship Research Articles

Galatea II: Reborn of a Classic

The history of the Galatea dates back to the 19th century when in 1896 she was launched and Christianised as Glenlee at Glasgow. She sailed as a merchant ship in the United Kingdom and Italy during the first period of her operational life, and was later adapted with mechanical propulsion. After several circumnavigations, in 1922 she was renamed Galatea to serve in the Spanish Navy, where she remained in service for 60 years. Since 1993 she has been resting in her hometown in Scotland as a museum ship. As a tribute to the extensive and remarkable history of this ship, and in order to recover and preserve the naval tradition in Spain, it has been proposed to design a ship with the same morphology as the Glenlee to stoke the spirit of the Galatea and inspire the construction of new sailing ships. She will be adapted as a military training ship of the Spanish Navy. Therefore, studies in stability, propulsion, general arrangement and structural calculations will be necessary to validate the transformation of the Glenlee into a new Galatea II complying with mandatory regulations and technological advances that will encourage its operation to the future naval officers of the Spanish Navy.

The history and role of PAs in the US Coast Guard.

The US Coast Guard is a military service in the Department of Homeland Security charged with broad domestic and international missions. In 1971, the Coast Guard began recruiting physician assistants (PAs) in an effort to supplement physician staffing support. When first introduced, PAs were in the enlisted ranks. However, consistent with the other armed services, their entry ranks changed from enlisted to commissioned warrant officer and later to a commissioned officer status. As their numbers grew, PAs began augmenting and later replacing general medical officers assigned to treatment facilities and aboard ships. Their role is to keep the 43,000 men and women of the Coast Guard and their dependents healthy by providing medical care at 40 bases and stations. As of 2020, the Coast Guard has 47 commissioned PAs who work on shore postings, on polar-bound ice breakers, training ships, as faculty in the Interservice Physician Assistant Program, or as senior administrative officers. About one-third are female.

Close quarters: Counseling aboard the Training Ship Golden Bear.

The mental health practice setting of the maritime training cruise provides an uncommon combination of opportunities and challenges from college and maritime military counseling. This article addresses the opportunities available in a clinical role that allows the clinician to be an active member of the community they serve and promote mental health among the next generation of maritime workers. The challenges addressed include promoting mental health in a setting in which emotional expression and mental health treatment are stigmatized, accompanied by disincentives for help-seeking behavior, as well as the potential risks of multiple relationships and limited confidentiality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

3,000톤급 및 9,000톤급 실습선의 파랑 표류력 특성에 관한 연구

In this study, numerical calculations were performed to analyze the characteristics of wave drift forces on the 3,000 and 9,000 ton class training ships that have been recently built and operated. The longitudinal wave drift force shows a large value in the areas ⋋/L= 1.0 and ⋋/L =1.5 in the case of the head and bow seas, and shows a relatively small value in the short wavelength. In the case of a short wavelength at an encounter angle of 30 degrees, which is a stern sea, a fairly large lateral wave drift force is acting. The difference in wave drift force between the two ships does not appear to be large. It can be seen that a larger wave drift moment value is acting on the passenger type vessel T/S B in the case of a short wavelength.

Experimental study on individual walking speed during emergency evacuation with the influence of ship motion

Ship motion is an important influencing factor in passenger ship evacuation that affects the entire evacuation process by reducing an individual’s walking speed. This study aims to quantify such effects in ship berthing and sailing operations by collecting experimental data to support passenger ship evacuation decisions. The study utilized Dalian Maritime University’s training ship to conduct human walking experiments to study the influence of ship motion on passengers’ normal and fast walking speeds. It was found that during the berthing period, an individual’s normal walking speed was 1.28–1.68 m/s, and the fast walking speed was 1.50–2.14 m/s. During the sailing, the ship’s rolling motion reduced the normal walking speed by 3.8%–10.3% and the fast walking speed by 3.7%–14.0%. Due to the influence of ship rolling, the higher the deck and the farther away the rolling centre is, the smaller the athwartship and fore-aft walking speeds. Athwartship walking was slightly faster than fore-aft walking. Similarly, in the normal walking mode, the athwartship walking speed was 1.6%–3.7% faster than fore-aft walking, while in the fast walking mode, the athwartship walking speed was 0.8%–4.9% faster than fore-aft walking. Furthermore, during the berthing period, the average walking speed of the younger group was 24.1% higher than that of the older group. Finally, during the sailing, the speed reduction ratio of an individual’s walking speed was 86.0%–96.2%, and the value decreased as the deck height increased.

The growth pattern of British children, 1850–1975†

AbstractThis article is the first to use individual‐level, longitudinal measures of child growth to document changes in the growth pattern in Britain between the 1850s and the 1970s. Based on a unique dataset gathered from the records of the training ship Indefatigable, this study analyses the mean heights of boys at admission and their longitudinal growth using regressions that control for observable characteristics. Our findings show a secular increase in boys’ mean height over time, and that height gain was most rapid during the interwar period. In addition, longitudinal growth velocity was low and similar at different ages for boys born before the 1910s, suggesting a substantially weaker pubertal growth spurt (three standard deviations lower) than that which occurs in modern populations. However, for boys born in the 1910s and later, higher growth velocities associated with pubertal growth appeared in a narrow range of ages (14 to 16 years). Thus, it appears that there was a substantial change in the growth pattern beginning in the 1910s with the emergence of a strong pubertal growth spurt. The timing of this shift implies that declines in child morbidity mattered more for the changing growth pattern than improvements in nutrition that occurred before 1910.

Failure analysis based on ship’s machinery maintenance system in Bung Tomo training ship

The Bung Tomo Training Ship with a weight of 12 S7 GT, a LWT of 899 tons and a LOA of 63 m, is the only training ship owned by Surabaya Merchant Marine Polytechnic. This ship was made in 2 017 with a capacity of 300 people. The existence of the ship is very important for the learning process at Surabaya Merchant Marine Polytechnic because it is used by cadets to sail practice every Saturday and Sunday. Damage to the ship's machinery can be caused by poor planning and implementation and is known after the ship has begun to operate. To prevent greater damage or disturbance to the Bung Tomo Training Ship, an analysis of the failure of the machinery maintenance system is needed. This research aims to obtain analysis of the failure of machinery on the Bung Tomo Training Ship by using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) through identification of the causes of failure, the impact caused and possible remedial measures to prevent greater damage. Several components with high RPN are deserve to be a concern or top priority in machinery maintenance of the Bung Tom o Training Ship, namely: sea water pump, freshwater pump, pipeline, OWS, freshwater cooling, sea water cooling pump, and fresh water generator.

Stratification in the northern Bering Sea in early summer of 2017 and 2018

We investigated spatial and interannual variation in the physical environment in the northern Bering Sea focusing on stratification, which is one factor affecting biological production in Arctic/subarctic regions. In particular, we analyzed in situ data obtained onboard the training ship Oshoro Maru in early summer in 2017 and 2018. We found that stratification in the areas just north of St. Lawrence Island (around 64.5°N and west of 168.5°W) and south/southwest of St. Lawrence Island was significantly weaker in 2018 than in 2017. These results are consistent with the extremely low sea-ice extent present in the winter of 2017/2018, which would have resulted in less freshwater being supplied to the surface layers and a warmer and less saline bottom water. Conversely, stratification was as strong in 2018 as in 2017 in the area close to the Alaska mainland, including the Bering Strait area, suggesting that the Alaskan Coastal Water dominates stratification in this area in early summer. Moreover, we found that the weakly stratified water column in the Bering Strait area stratified quickly shortly after the occurrence of strong northerly winds, likely because of the Ekman transport of warm and low-salinity Alaskan Coastal Water from the east.

Effectiveness of Multidimensional Controllers Designated to Steering of the Motions of Ship at Low Speed.

The article described two full multidimensional controllers applied to steer a real vessel named ‘Blue Lady’ that is used by the Foundation for Safety of Navigation and Environment Protection at its training and research facility loacted at Silm lake in Poland. Both controllers were based on different approaches, but finally gave similar results. The first part describes the object to be controlled which is a training ship used for training of navigators in various conditions, areas and manoeuvres. This is followed by a short description of the theory for both controllers, Robust and Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). Next real time trials are described, which are 3 different manouvers for low velocities, executed by both LMI and Robust contrllers. In these trials ‘Blue Lady’ velocities, silhouete trajectory ans wind data are recorded. Finally the quality of work for both controllers is collected in two tables.

Studi Kelayakan Dermaga Kapal Latih Menunjang Badan Layanan Umum (BLU)

Abstrack One of the government's programs is to optimize the distribution of goods, on the other hand, the existence of the Karaeng Galesong Barombong pier has not been optimized for the public, be it for commercial ports or popular ports. For this reason, this study aims to determine the feasibility of the Karaeng Galesong Barombong Pier as a public vessel. The population for this research is all sailors who have worked on the ship, while the sample in this study is the crew of the training ship and the users of the training ship at the Karaeng Galesong pier, up to 50 respondents. The research was carried out through observations and questionnaires, then the data obtained was tabulated and then analyzed by means of a cross table through a simple regression test. The results showed that the operation of the Karaeng Galesong pier by other parties would be 100% if it was supported by data availability, hence warehouse availability, meanwhile up to 80% if supported by a field availability as a place for loading / unloading of goods and only 20% will continue to operate the Karaeng Galesong pier elsewhere even though the loading and unloading field is not available. To be more optimal, it is expected that the competent parties will always update the data so that the Karaeng Galesong pier can be widely used by other parties.

Ocean, wind and loneliness. Anaesthesia and reanimation on board the Spanish Navy Training Ship Juan Sebastián de Elcano, our experience

Ocean, wind and loneliness. Anaesthesia and reanimation on board the Spanish Navy Training Ship Juan Sebastián de Elcano, our experience

An Effective Training and Evaluation Method for Anchoring Training in Maritime Education

Captain Kashima et al. showed that ship handling skills significantly improve when anchoring exercises are practiced on training ships. And Kunieda et al. showed that the practicing on training ships also develops critical thinking and problem-solving skills. We created an evaluation scale for elementary ship handling skills to measure the effects of different anchoring training methods. We assessed the training methods using a rubric evaluation list containing nine evaluation items. Group work was arranged before and after the anchoring training sessions based on the results from student questionnaires and instructor evaluations. Our results reveal the most effective training model for developing ship handling skills.

The Modeling Framework for the Need of Training Ship on Maritime Vocational Education

The seafarer’s profession will be facing a few strong challenges today and future next. Correspondingly, the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW) requires tightly the maritime vocational education that must produce graduates with appropriate and needed competences related with international trade perspective in the shipping sector. In order to improve student skill, a training ship is needed by maritime vocational education as real practice for student. This research describes a modeling framework of basic ship design for training ship of the maritime vocational education. The modeling framework was divided into three parts namely the model of training ship type selection, the capacity of the training ship, and the main dimensions of the training ship design. The modeling framework was applied to Maritime Polytechnic of AMI Makassar as a case study. The research results show the selected type ship was passenger-cargo ship type 37.20. The capacity of the training ship was about 150 students with cargo capacity 50 ton. The main dimensions of the training ship design were obtained where length between perpendiculars (Lbp), breadth (B), height (H), and draft (T) were 72.00 m, 12.00 m, 5.50 m, and 2.53 m respectively. The main dimensions of the training ship design were corrected as well by the parameters of main dimension ratio, geometric form coefficient, weight, and initial static stability.

A New Method of Determining Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator for Specialized Ships

Limitation of CO2 emission is one of the main goals and regulations introduced by the international institutions’ rules. In the case of ships using oil-related and gas fuels this problem is dealt with by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) introducing the methodology of Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) determining for ships being under exploitation. The methodology allows for determining EEOI for seven types of ships, for which the value of this index depends on the amount of transported cargo or number of passengers, type of and amount of fuel used, as well as distance travelled by the ship. Such a methodology cannot be used for the specialized ships, whose exploitation tasks are different to the ships of the trade fleet that transport the cargo or the passengers. The methodology allows for determining EEOI for seven types of ships and it does not include specialized ships. The article presents a new methodology of determining EEOI for specialized ships that takes the characteristics of their exploitation into consideration. The way of its use has been presented taking into account the results of exploitation studies carried out on the chosen research and training ship. Obtained results and their analysis allowed for energy efficiency assessment of research and training ships depending on exploitation tasks, voyage time, type of fuel used, distance travelled and ship’s speed. EEOI index value determines energy efficiency of the vessel power system that is directly connected to the amount of the liquid or gas fuel used and the amount of emitted CO2. The aim should be to minimalize the value of EEOI index through planning of the exploitation tasks realization order and adjusting the speed of the ship as well as realization time of particular exploitation tasks, in the case of specialized ships. The analysis results can also be used when managing energy efficiency of these types of ships.

Ship Type Recognition via a Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded Convolution Neural Network

Most previous research has handled the task of ship type recognition by exploring hand-craft ship features, which may fail to distinguish ships with similar visual appearances. This situation motivates us to propose a novel deep learning based ship type recognition framework which we have named coarse-to-fine cascaded convolution neural network (CFCCNN). First, the proposed CFCCNN framework formats the input training ship images and data, and provides trainable input data for the hidden layers of the CFCCNN. Second, the coarse and fine steps are run in a nesting manner to explore discriminative features for different ship types. More specifically, the coarse step is trained in a similar manner to the traditional convolution neural network, while the fine step introduces regularisation mechanisms to extract more intrinsic ship features, and fine tunes parameter settings to obtain better recognition performance. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the CFCCNN model for recognising the most common types of merchant ship (oil tanker, container, LNG tanker, chemical carrier, general cargo, bulk carrier, etc.). The experimental results show that the proposed framework obtains better recognition performance than the conventional methods of ship type recognition.

THE SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES TRAINING SHIP TO SUBSTITUTE KRI DEWARUCI FOR NAVAL ACADEMY CADETS USING THE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS (ANP) METHOD

Republic of Indonesia Ship (KRI) Dewaruci is a Naval Academy Cadets' (AAL) training ship that is old. Thiscondition is very susceptible to various threats of accidents while carrying out voyages around the world to cruisethe AAL Kartika Jala Krida Kadet. The government has planned to replace KRI Dewaruci with a new trainingship. This study aims to determine the selection of new prospective makers training ship by the Analytic NetworkProcess (ANP) method. This ANP method is used because the existing data have a relationship among thecriteria and the relationship between criteria and sub-criteria. In alternative selection, there are two main criteria,namely operational requirements criteria with four sub-criteria: security, geographical conditions, skills training,transfer of technology and technical requirement criteria with five sub-criteria: machinery, navigation, trainingequipment, platform, masts, and sails. The results of this study are the alternative priorities for new training shipreplacing the best KRI Dewaruci and also the priority of the main/critical sub-criteria. The biggest alternativescore value is a training ship made by Piere Shipyard made in Spain with a score of 0.50259.Keywords: Analytic Network Process (ANP), Super Decisions, Training ship, Criteria and Sub-criteria

The Problems Encountered by Navigation Cadets at Sea Training Phase as a Part of Their Academic Programme

Vocational education for seafaring officers is a long process. During this period, the educational programs proceed within a periodical improvement framework. Sea Training is an integral part of Maritime Education and Education (MET) and it is a part of academic program in the MET institutions. All seafaring officers should complete at least one year Sea training on board the ships to finalize their education. This training should be completed suitable commercial vessels and specially designed training ships. Initial evaluation of sea training are made by the ships which the cadet attended and the maritime schools made the final assessment to verify their achievement at sea training. Practical training is an absolute must for every type of seafarer’s education. The aim is to consolidate the academic knowledge taught and practical experience gained at sea. So, on the practical side of the curriculum, sea training comes into prominence during maritime education and that is what we discuss in this study. The main purpose of this research is to pinpoint the main problems encountered by cadets during their sea training phase, and make some suggestions for possible solutions to ensure quality and efficiency of the training. The study starts with a group study base on field study, to define the hypothesis is for questions of questionnaire for cadets participated sea training. The evaluation of the responds are used to finding and subsequently results and proposals. In addition, it is strongly suggested that the collected data and provided findings in this project are taken forward for further studies on this subject.

Digitalizing the Full Documents of Deck Log Book of Sail Training Ship “Kaiwo Maru I” and a Study for the Usage of the Data

Digitalizing the Full Documents of Deck Log Book of Sail Training Ship “Kaiwo Maru I” and a Study for the Usage of the Data

Study case on navy cadets’ crew profile in regard of diversity management onboard training ships

The diversity management and the gender issue specifically, have become important variables of the crew management performance onboard the ship, including in Navy structures. The present study is focused on determining the influence of gender issue against the crew climate and performance onboard Navy ship, applied on cadetship programmes. The authors have developed a specific questionnaire within MENTORESS program (financed by Erasmus+, KA2 action), in joint with the project partners from Piri Reis University, Polish Naval Academy and Bulgarian Naval Academy. Consequently, the questionnaire has been applied on Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy’s cadets (3rd and 4th year of study), alongside the training voyages onboard Navy ships. The results were collected and processed accordingly, several conclusions being drawn in regard of cadets’ perceptions related to gender issue. The major scope was to seek particular reflections on gender issue, in order to determine curriculum gaps and further improvement in education programs for military students in regard of diversity management and leadership adjustment.

Dynamic Prediction and Optimization of Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) for an Operating Ship in Varying Environments

The demands for lower Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) reflect the requirements of international conventions for green shipping. Within this context it is believed that practical solutions for the dynamic optimization of a ship’s main engine and the reduction of EEOI in real conditions are useful in terms of improving sustainable shipping operations. In this paper, we introduce a model for dynamic optimization of the main engine that can improve fuel efficiency and decrease EEOI. The model considers as input environmental factors that influence overall ship dynamics (e.g., wind speed, wind direction, wave height, water flow speed) and engine revolutions. Fuel consumption rate and ship speed are taken as outputs. Consequently, a genetic algorithm is applied to optimize the initial connection weight and threshold of nodes of a neural network (NN) that is used to predict fuel consumption rate and ship speed. Navigation data from the training ship “YUMING” are applied to train the network. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize engine revolution and obtain the lowest EEOI. Results show that the optimization method proposed may assist with the prediction of lower EEOI in different environmental conditions and operational speed.