Evaluation Of Training Effectiveness Research Articles

ТРЕНІНГОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

The essence of training technologies, their effectiveness of use in higher education institutions has been disclosed in the article. The attention is paid to the types of training, in particular, socio-psychological, personal growth, thematic, communicative, psycho-corrective, psychotherapeutic, etc. The emphasis is on the structure of the training: the introductory part, the main, the final, and their content has been revealed. It is noted that the main components of the training are: a training group, a circle, training equipment, a coach, group rules, interactive methods of teaching, evaluation of training effectiveness, etc. Also, the principles of organization of training, in particular motivation, paradox, imagery, focus on the application of results, etc. have been defined. The high efficiency of training education is the result of the valuable position and knowledge of each participant; one can share their experience and analyze it in a comfortable atmosphere without coercion; it is possible to learn by doing practical actions; errors can be assumed that will not lead to punishment or negative consequences; there are no tools for evaluating new knowledge.By using training technologies, the trainer first of all contributes to the reflection of the participants of the training of the knowledge acquired, which should be transformed through the intellect, experience, emotional experience of the subject of the activity, which to a large extent provides adequate feedback. During the training participants, due to feedback, identify the lack of skills, abilities and theoretical knowledge, as well as the inadequacy of existing settings and stereotypes. This helps to correct ineffective behavioral patterns and replace them with the new, more effective ones.The significant advantage of training technology is that it provides a unique opportunity to study the complex, emotionally significant issues in the safe environment of training, but not in real life with its threats and risks. The training allows learning without worrying about the unpleasant consequences that may result if somebody makes wrong decision.

Development of single-session driving simulator-based and computer-based training for at-risk older drivers

ABSTRACTA possible path towards preserving and remediating driving skills while aging is driver training. Previous studies have yielded mixed results with respect to various types of interventions, such as classroom-based training, on-road driving classes and functional abilities training. The present study-incorporated training features found to be effective in previous older driver training studies, into both a computer-based and driving simulator-based intervention. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of both training formats on general driving ability and specific aspects of driving in older drivers at risk of reduced driving abilities. Additionally, the effect of training on perceived task demand was studied, and learning capacity was considered as an influencing factor on training effectiveness. A total of 31 older drivers were randomly assigned to three groups: driving simulator-based training, computer-based training, and an active control group. The participants completed a cognitive assessment including evaluation of learning capacity and a self-assessment of task demand in various traffic situations. Additionally, participants took a driving simulator assessment. Knowledge of road signs, general driving and specific aspects of driving (i.e., average speed, response time to hazards) improved with training, although improvement was found to be evenly strong in all groups. Learning capacity did not influence training effectiveness, and no difference was found in perceived task demand before and after training. The proposed methodology to evaluate training effectiveness, focusing both on clinically relevant and detailed transfer effects can serve as an example for further studies in the field of driver training.

Long-Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings

Long-Run Effects of Dynamically Assigned Treatments: A New Methodology and an Evaluation of Training Effects on Earnings

Evaluation of high intensity interval training effects on cytokine levels and clinical course in heroin addicts

Objective: The aim of study was to evaluate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on depression, anxiety, craving and cortisol, IGF-1, IFN-γ, IL-17 levels in heroin addicts. Methods: Twenty-two male inpatients who met the criteria for opiate use disorder were included in study. Participants were divided into two groups as exercise and control. We were applied five sessions of HIIT in exercise group. Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale, Substance Craving Scale were administered at the beginning and end of treatment; cortisol, IGF-1, IFN-γ, IL-17 levels were also measured. Results: There was significant improvement in Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale, Substance Craving Scale scores in the exercise group. Cortisol and IGF-1 levels could be increased in the exercise group, whereas IFN-γ and IL-17 levels were not significantly different. Discussion: It was thought that this study could contribute to literature by emphasizing the effects of HIIT in patients treated with diagnosis of heroin addiction.

Effects of 12 weeks competitive phase specific training on selected biochemical and haematological parameters of male Taekwondo players

The aim of the present study was to find out the effects of 12 weeks of competitive phase specific training on basal levels of selected biochemical and haematological variables in male Taekwondo players. A total of 15 Indian male Taekwondo players (Age: 16.9±1.4 years; Height: 173.5±0.81 cm; Weight: 60.92±11.79 kg, BMI: 20.04±2.44 kg/m2) were volunteered for this study. Twelve weeks of competitive phase specific Taekwondo training was given to the participants for the perfection of technical skills and for the improvement of general physical conditioning abilities. Blood samples were collected from antecubital vein in the morning after overnight fasting and 24 hours of rest, both before and after training. The samples were analyzed for the selected biochemical and haematological parameters such as Lipid profile, Iron Profile, Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Complete Blood Picture (CBP). Data were analyzed by paired-t test by using SPSS software. A significant increase (P<0.05) of Serum Iron, Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Hematocrit, and Mean Corpuscular Volume were observed after training. Also a significant reduction (P<0.05) in total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol Ratio, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) were noted after the training. From this study it is concluded that the competitive phase specific Taekwondo training is effective for improving lipid profile and some of the biochemical parameters in national level male Taekwondo players and biochemical monitoring will be helpful for the evaluation of training effects and training related adaptations at molecular level.

Assessing community (peer) researcher\u2019s experiences with conducting spirometry and being engaged in the \u2018Participatory Research in Ottawa: Management and Point-of-care for Tobacco-dependence\u2019 (PROMPT) project

Plain summaryThis article examines the overall experiences of community researchers in their involvement with the ‘PROMPT’ project for smoking cessation, which targeted community members who were homeless or at-risk for homelessness. More specifically, four community members, representing the study population were involved in the project as researchers. They were asked to complete surveys at both the beginning and end of each research training session to better understand their learning as it related to using a key instrument for this project, a spirometer, to measure project participants’ lung function. Spirometry is typically performed by trained healthcare providers. Community researchers were also interviewed to explore what their experiences were like working as a researcher with their own at-risk community. Although the researchers felt that the training was sufficient, more research is needed to evaluate training effectiveness among community researchers in delivering acceptable quality lung function testing using a spirometer. Upon analyzing the small group discussion and survey results, we found that the community researchers had an overall positive experience with both the project, and the training that was provided to equip them with the knowledge, tools, and resources they needed to successfully work in a research project of this kind. They also faced challenges that are common in such community-based projects, such as the power differential between the researchers with a healthcare background and themselves who have lived experience with the issue at hand.BackgroundThe Ottawa Citizen Engagement and Action Model (OCEAM) used a Community Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) approach by involving the most at-risk urban population. Community (peer) researchers participated in every step of the study despite the multiple challenges.ObjectiveTo assess the community researchers’ training and experiences in a CBPAR project, PROMPT: Participatory Research in Ottawa: Management and Point-of-care for Tobacco Dependence.MethodFour community researchers were recruited, representative of the PROMPT project’s target population with current or past poly-substance use; smoking tobacco; and/or being homeless or at-risk for homelessness. The community researchers participated in all phases of PROMPT, including study design, development of questionnaires, participant recruitment, administering consent forms and questionnaires, as well as hand-held spirometry after rigorous training. To assess their knowledge and comfort level with spirometry testing after standardized training, questionnaires were administered pre- and post-training. In turn, to assess their overall experience, interviews were conducted at the end of study completion.ResultsAll community researchers underwent small-group training sessions including presentations, discussions and hands-on practice adapted from standardized training material prepared for health care professionals. Spirometry training was included in all sessions. Self-perceived knowledge and confidence in administering spirometry, as well as skill-testing score averages improved between the pre- and post-training questionnaires. Overall, all the community researchers had a fulfilling experience participating in the project.ConclusionDespite challenges, involving community researchers with lived experience is feasible, satisfying and productive even in the most marginalized populations. Standardized spirometry training of community researchers’ representative of the PROMPT target population, with no healthcare educational background, was feasible and effective in improving knowledge, confidence and readiness to administer spirometry.

Informing the training of health care professionals to implement behavior change strategies for physical activity promotion in neurorehabilitation: a systematic review.

Initiatives to increase physical activity (PA) are most effective when combined with behavior change strategies (BCS). However, this is not routinely done and perhaps can be attributed to health care professionals' (HCP) lack of confidence and understanding of how to best apply BCS. This review aimed to identify and synthesize the existing literature describing methods used to train HCP to deliver BCS for PA promotion for individuals living with neurological conditions. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eight databases were searched for articles describing how HCP were trained on BCS targeting PA and/or exercise for neurological pathology. Two researchers independently screened abstracts and used third-party consensus when needed. Studies must have described the planning/implementation of BCS targeting PA in adults with neurological disorders, with interventions delivered by a HCP. A data extraction table based on the study objective and the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group's data extraction template was used. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tools for Quantitative and Qualitative Studies. Included studies were also evaluated using the Workgroup for Intervention Development and Evaluation Research (WIDER) recommendations for reporting behavior change intervention content. Extraction and evaluation of risk of bias were completed independently by two researchers. Data were synthesized according to a who, what, when, and how approach. The search yielded 2,616 articles after duplicates removed, with 13 articles, representing eight unique interventions in individuals with spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease included. Methodological quality ranged from strong to weak. Methods used to increase HCP knowledge and use of BCS were heterogeneous. Common training features included multiple resources, multiple sessions, expert input, and ongoing support, but a lack of evaluation of training effectiveness. The BCS were based on Social Cognitive Theory in seven interventions. Physiotherapists were the most common HCP trained. There was considerable variety in how HCP were trained to use BCS and a lack of evaluation of training effectiveness. Future work should include more description of the content and structure of HCP training and a direct measure of effectiveness. Researchers should consider implementation strategies during development and reporting of behavior change interventions. This review was not registered with PROSPERO.

Evaluation of Teacher Education With a Focus on Its Effectiveness

The basis of the project is the current trend of lifelong learning and individual personality development, as well as the requirement to increase the quality of education programmes for Further Teacher Education (FTE). The research project has been carried out based on the findings of D. L. Kirkpatrick and his four-level model of training effectiveness evaluation. The main methods employed in the research are a questionnaire survey and standardized interviews with heads of schools sending their teachers to these programmes. The main objective of the research is to apply the method for FTE effectiveness evaluation at the Faculty of Education of Palacký University Olomouc and verify the method in practice. Tentative research objectives involve determining how the programme is evaluated by its graduates, analysing and interpreting the results of the research in FTE evaluation, and suggesting possible measures for further improvement and innovation regarding implementation of the particular programme.

A Muscle-Specific Rehabilitation Training Method Based on Muscle Activation and the Optimal Load Orientation Concept.

Training based on muscle-oriented repetitive movements has been shown to be beneficial for the improvement of movement abilities in human limbs in relation to fitness, athletic training, and rehabilitation training. In this paper, a muscle-specific rehabilitation training method based on the optimal load orientation concept (OLOC) was proposed for patients whose motor neurons are injured, but whose muscles and tendons are intact, to implement high-efficiency resistance training for the shoulder muscles, which is one of the most complex joints in the human body. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the human shoulder was used to predict muscle forces experienced during shoulder movements, in which muscles that contributed to shoulder motion were divided into 31 muscle bundles, and the Hill model was used to characterize the force-length properties of the muscle. According to the musculoskeletal model, muscle activation was calculated to represent the muscle force. Thus, training based on OLOC was proposed by maximizing the activation of a specific muscle under each posture of the training process. The analysis indicated that the muscle-specific rehabilitation training method based on the OLOC significantly improved the training efficiency for specific muscles. The method could also be used for trajectory planning, load magnitude planning, and evaluation of training effects.

The Effect and Effectiveness Evaluation of Sit-up Training on Elderly Bedridden Patients with Severe Pneumonia

ABSTRACT】OBJECTIVE: To access the effect and the effectiveness of sit-up training on elderly bedridden patients with severe pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 150 elderly bedridden patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia were recruited for this study. They were divided equally into the observation group and control group i.e. 75 cases in each group. All patients were selected from January 2016 to April 2018. On this basis, both groups were treated with the same routine nursing care except with the addition of 30 to 60 minutes sit-up trainings twice daily for the control group under supervision. The clinical hospitalization outcomes, length of hospital stay, and patient care satisfaction of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The clinical hospitalization outcomes, length of hospital stay, and patient satisfaction of the observation group were found to be superior to the control group, and the difference was significant. Conclusion: In bedridden elderly patients with severe pneumonia, sit-up training had positive effects and beneficial in improving the clinical outcomes and recovery rate.

Evaluating the Use of Smart Home Technology by People With Brain Impairment: Protocol for a Single-Case Experimental Design.

BackgroundSmart home technologies are emerging as a useful component of support delivery for people with brain impairment. To promote their successful uptake and sustained use, focus on technology support services, including training, is required.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to present a systematic smart home technology training approach for people with brain impairment. In addition, the paper outlines a multiple-baseline, single-case experimental design methodology to evaluate training effectiveness.MethodsAdult participants experiencing acquired brain impairment who can provide consent to participate and who live in housing where smart home technology is available will be recruited. Target behaviors will be identified in consultation with each participant based on his or her personal goals for technology use. Target behaviors may include participant knowledge of the number and type of technology functions available, frequency of smart home technology use, and number of function types used. Usage data will be gathered via log-on smart home technology servers. A smart technology digital training package will also be developed and left on a nominated device (smartphone, tablet) with each participant to use during the trial and posttrial, as desired. Measures of the target behavior will be taken throughout the baseline, intervention, and postintervention phases to provide the evidence of impact of the training on the target behaviors and ascertain whether utilization rates are sustained over time. In addition, trial results will be analyzed using structured visual analysis, supplemented with statistical analysis appropriate to single-case methodology.ResultsWhile ascertaining the effectiveness of this training protocol, study results will offer new insights into technology-related training approaches for people with brain impairment. Preliminary data collection has been commenced at one supported housing site, with further scoping work continuing to recruit participants from additional sites.ConclusionsEvaluation evidence will assist in planning for the smart technology set-up as well as training and support services necessary to accompany the provision of new devices and systems.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR1-10.2196/10451

Development of a Mouse Model to Evaluate the Influence of Exercise on Collateral Growth in PAD

Background: Exercise is established as a treatment option in PAD, even though the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. An animal model was developed to evaluate collateral growth through exercise. Methods: 12 weeks old healthy C57BL/6 mice were compared to 18 wk. old ApoE-/- deficient mice, showing after 12 wk. of high caloric diet cardiovascular deficits. Ligation of the superficial femoral artery simulated acute limb occlusion. Both groups where exposed to freely accessible running wheels to evaluate training effects and in motion-restricting cages as control baseline. Hind limb perfusion was measured by LDPI pre- and postoperative at different points in time. At each of these points body weight was recorded as well as histological/morphometric Mm. adductores examinations were performed. Results: ApoE-/- mice showed significant macroscopic arteriosclerotic changes and an increase in body weight compared to BL6, but no differences of distances were observed. LDPI on BL6 did not show differences between training and resting. There was a continuous improvement in reperfusion to d14 to stabilize at 70% of baseline. ApoE showed significant differences between training and control on d7 on which this reperfusion stabilized at 70% of baseline. It was shown that there is a difference (p<0,05) of perfusion between the animal strains immediately postoperative as well as on d3 and d7. There is no difference in size of collateral arteries between the groups. A significant increase of macrophages and a higher endothelial monocyte activity can be seen in the first week in ApoE mice with training. Conclusion: The running wheels were accepted by both groups. Due to pre-existing cardiovascular deficiencies ApoE-/- mice were proven to be a suitable model to picture PAD. It was shown there is evidence that exercise significantly accelerates reperfusion through collateral growth, an increased endothelial proliferation activity and a higher accumulation of macrophages due to training.

Preliminary evaluation and analysis of standardized training effect of traditional Chinese medicine residents in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine

Objective To evaluate the implementation effect of the standardized training system for the residents in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine. Methods The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine 2015 Chinese medicine (including Chinese Medicine) clinical medical postgraduates of TCM standardized resident training mode, make a comprehensive evaluation on the analysis and comparison of the training mode of the traditional 2015 stage. Results The outstanding students in grade 2014 were 15 (10.1%), and the 2015 were 33 people (23.1%), where the difference was significant. There 134 residents in grade 2014 completed the training (90.5%), and the 2015 were 140 (97.9%), where the difference was significant between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions One year of residents training in Hunan province has achieved certain results that the Chinese medicine standardized resident training mode is superior to the traditional training mode in the clinical skills, but the detail specification needs to be improved. Key words: Education, medical, graduate (TCMP); Standardized training of Chinese residents; Professional degree master; Program evaluation

PO-122 Influence of Winter Training on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Bicyclist

Objective The research took the bicyclists in Zhejiang for preparing of the Thirteenth National Games in winter training as the subjects. Through physiological and biochemical index of testing during the winter training, we attempted to find out some rules or problems by exploring the characteristics of their training during winter training, Reached on body function and the training intensity of athletes for effective monitoring and adjustment effect during winter training, and to provide a reference for the development of scientific in bicycle training.&#x0D; Methods During the long term bicycle training, some physical fitness evaluation indices includingVO2max,anaerobic power,body composition,Hb,Bun,CK,T and NEUT% were tested and analyzed systematically. Master the bike athletes body function changes during the winter training, and discuss the relationship between these indexes and body function condition.&#x0D; Results VO2 max, VO2 max relative value almost no change during the winter training; The Large Anaerobic work, 30s average anaerobic work and an body composition indicators no significant difference (p &lt; 0.05), but had a significant change. Hb, Bun, CK,T,NEUT% based standard value in the normal range, throughout the winter training period, Hb, BUN and CK, T, NEUT % has experienced cyclical changes along with the change of sports load: Hb, T at the beginning of the winter training has a downward trend, CK and NEUT % in the early part of the winter training has a rising trend, but as for the winter training gradually restored, BUN rising during the winter training, two weeks before the end of winter training to get down.&#x0D; Conclusions 1, the pros and cons of aerobic capacity is not the main factors influencing the cycling short athlete special performance, but of eliminating anaerobic lactic acid after training to play an active role, aerobic ability training should be strengthened.&#x0D; 2, anaerobic metabolism energy is the important factors that affect cycling short athlete sport result, peak power and 30s average power to scientific evaluation of the athlete's training effect.&#x0D; 3, decreased body fat percentage and lean body mass increase, to improve the athlete special scores play a positive role.&#x0D; 4, during the winter training athletes Hb, CK, T, NEUT % changes over motion load, NEUT % can be used as auxiliary training monitoring indexes of female athletes on the biochemical indexes of the sensitivity is higher than male athletes.&#x0D; 5, in the case of lean body mass is not fall, blood urea to maintain at a high level of cycling short athletes may not bring much impact performance.&#x0D; 6, Because of the mobilization can bear the load and strength are not the same, the same load and intensity produced by the reflect function will not the same, further analysis is needed to combined with physiological and biochemical indexes and individual training plan situation carries on the comprehensive consideration, so as to improve the accuracy of measurement analysis.

The application of PDCA cycle in the bio-safety training for research-oriented medical postgradu-ates

The laboratory of science and technology center at general hospital explored the appli-cation of PDCA cycle in the bio-safety training for research-oriented medical postgraduates, and then analyzed the ef-fect of the training. The laboratory applied the PDCA cycle (Plan-Do-Check-Act) into the bio-safety training prac-tice based on its own characteristics. The 4 links of bio-safety practice including bio-safety factors analysis, train-ing plan implementation, training effectiveness evaluation and problems feed-back were integrated with 4 process-es of PDCA cycle management. In view of the problems existing in the laboratory bio-safety training, the PDCA cy-cle model was applied to bio-safety training. Though the PDCA cycle, the laboratory can establish a bio-logical safety quality monitoring mechanism and achieve the system-atization, standardization and normalization of biosafe-ty training. Key words: PDCA cycle; Research-oriented medical postgraduates; Bio-safety

Training effectiveness evaluation of helicopter emergency relief based on virtual simulation

Helicopters are playing an increasingly important part in emergency relief, such as earthquake rescue, firefighting and medical transport. With the development of virtual simulation technology, virtual simulation-based training is widely used in the training of the helicopter crew especially for the dangerous and costly missions mentioned above. A complete training effectiveness evaluation method is proposed to evaluate the trainees’ training effect based on virtual simulation in this paper. A key to this method is regarding the complicated process as a discrete event-activity flow system and establishing the evaluation indicator system. Then expert group and Analytical Network Process (ANP) are applied to determine the weight of indicators. When the training data are processed, there is a novel attempt to apply Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) model to calculate the two categories of indicators. Eventually, an experiment and the analysis were carried out to validate the evaluation method.

Evaluating cabin crew food safety training using the Kirkpatrick model: an airlines’ perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the evaluation of cabin crew food safety training using the Kirkpatrick model.Design/methodology/approachUsing a snowballing technique, 26 cabin crew, managers, supervisors and trainers participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Summative content analysis was used to evaluate the data.FindingsIn total, 26 respondents from 20 international airlines participated in the study. All respondents agreed that evaluating cabin crew food safety/hygiene issues is important in relation to in-flight food handling; for example, “Training evaluation helps in the improvement of the future training”; “We have an end of course feedback form, either done electronically or on paper and that looks at how the delegates felt the training went, if they came away learning something new, if the environment for learning was right, all sorts of things; the questionnaire is quite comprehensive”; and “Every trainee is given a feedback form to complete”. However, significant failures in food safety training and its evaluation were identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe evaluation of cabin crew food safety training shows that it is ineffective in some aspects, including learning achieved and behavioural change, and these can directly impact on the implementation of food safety practices. Evaluation failures may be due to the lack of available time in relation to other cabin crew roles. Further research may consider using a larger sample size, evaluating training effectiveness using social cognition models and assessments of airline and cabin crew food safety culture.Originality/valueThis is the first study that evaluates cabin crew food safety training using the Kirkpatrick model. The findings provide an understanding of the current evaluation of cabin crew food safety training and can be used by airlines for improving and developing effective future food safety training programmes. This, in turn, may reduce the risk of passenger and crew foodborne disease.

Construction of a nurse post core competency evaluation index system based on specific nursing group model

Objective To construct a clinical nurse specialism post core competency evaluation index system based on specific nursing group model. Methods In March 2017, we establish a clinical nurse specialism post core competency evaluation index system based on specific position requirements, specific nursing development and demand for comprehensive ability improvement of nurses through literature review, semi-structured interview and Delphi expert consultation. The index weight was confirmed by precedence chart. Results There were 30 letter questionnaires which were sent out in two rounds of expert consultation with 100% for the recovery rate of questionnaire. The authority coefficient (Cr) of consultation expert was 0.851 3. Totals of 8 items of primary indexes and 45 items of secondary indexes were established. The primary indexes included fundamental practice ability, post specific nursing ability, post problem-solving ability, learning and education ability, organization and coordination ability, critical thinking ability, post practice and innovation ability as well as nursing scientific research ability. Conclusions The construction of index system provides a basis and reference for the clinical nurse specialism post core competency based on specific nursing group model and the ways, methods as well as evaluation of training effects of specialized training for nurses in China. Key words: Post management; Nurse specialism; Core competency; Evaluation index; Delphi method

Clinical effect evaluation and experience of MOTOmed virtual scene training combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy

Substantial evidence from clinical reports has established that most cerebral palsy (CP) patients benefit from a comprehensive rehabilitation exercise training programme. Such advances are enhanced when Motomed virtual scene training combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy. However, little information exists regarding these effects. Forty-eight children with spastic cerebral palsy were collected from 2014 to 2016 in children's rehabilitation department of Huai’an maternal and child health hospital. Among them, 25 cases were treated with MOTOmed virtual scene training combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy, and 23 cases with single electromyographic biofeedback therapy. Before and after treatment, the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) was used to evaluate the gross motor function of all children, and Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) was used to evaluate and observe the activities of daily living of children. The scores of GMFM and ADL in the treatment and control groups were significantly higher than those before treatment ( P < 0.05). Before treatment, GMFM and ADL scores in the treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the control groups ( P < 0.05). MOTOmed virtual scene training combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy can effectively improve the gross motor function and activities of daily living of children with spastic cerebral palsy, which is obviously superior to electromyographic biofeedback therapy alone.

Construction of training evaluation system for nurses specialized in cardiovascular disease based on the Kirkpatrick model

Objective To construct the training evaluation system for nurses specialized in cardiovascular disease based on the Kirkpatrick model. Methods From January to October 2017, a total of 30 domestic experts of clinical medicine and nursing specialized in cardiovascular disease from several ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals, in accordance with Kirkpatrick model, were consulted by Delphi method. According to the expert opinion, the weight of the indexes at all levels was determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Results The study conducted a total of 2 rounds of correspondence. The positive coefficient of the first round of consultation was 90.00%, and the positive coefficient of second rounds of consultation was 92.59%; The authority coefficient (Cr) of the experts was 0.76, and the Kendall coefficient of concordance (W) was 0.6~0.8, which was statistically significant by χ2 test (P<0.05) . The evaluation index system included 4 first level indicators, 14 second level indexes and 45 third level indexes. Conclusions The training effect evaluation model of nurses specialized in cardiovascular can reflect the standard of training quality, make the training management scientific and fair, and have wide application value, which is beneficial to promote the construction of specialized nursing team for cardiovascular diseases. Key words: Cardiovascular diseases; Specialized nurse; Kirkpatrick model; Training effect