Traditional Thinking Research Articles

Hidden presuppositions and the problem of paradigm persons

Visa Kurki’s A Theory of Legal Personhood offers a sustained, and in some ways exhaustive, account of the legal being. It also strives to consider ‘the person’ afresh and to pay close and critical attention to how the concept has developed and operated over two millennia, right up to the twenty-first century. And yet it remains an intriguing blend of innovative and traditional thinking. Though it sets out to challenge legal orthodoxy, and does so in a number of important ways, the book is itself orthodox in at least one important respect. Simply put, in its analysis of the concept of the person, it tends to assume a male subject.

RETRACTED: A contrastive study of Chinese and English values in English film teaching

It is of great value to strengthen the comparative study of value in film English teaching. This reflects that “value education” is the core of quality education. The core of intercultural communication is “value distribution,” and “value identity” is identity. The main aspects of learning linguistics. From the perspective of film culture, it is necessary to reduce the “Chinese and English value” of English film education. Among these representative forces, film culture is mainly concentrated in the core of Chinese and English. On the radio, “British film culture” became English. The field of knowledge teaching is much larger. Based on the positive and positive English movies, this paper adopts the teaching method of Chinese and English double subtitle music to capture the words and sentences in the film, and uses the combination of image and sound to improve the perception of English. The difference between Chinese application and English application lies in the embodiment of traditional thinking mode in different countries. It is proved by experiments that there are great differences in application value. However, due to the iconicity and randomness of language symbols, the application of Chinese has some value in English. Students who adopt English film teaching method have advantages in shaping values and accepting foreign values. With the passage of time, the application of English film teaching will continue to deepen.

Traditional Logic and Computational Thinking

In this contribution, we try to show that traditional Aristotelian logic can be useful (in a non-trivial way) for computational thinking. To achieve this objective, we argue in favor of two statements: (i) that traditional logic is not classical and (ii) that logic programming emanating from traditional logic is not classical logic programming.

Mapping the Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Design Thinking

Critical thinking has been a longstanding goal of education, while design thinking has gradually emerged as a popular method for supporting entrepreneurship, innovation, and problem solving in modern business. While some scholars have posited that design thinking may support critical thinking, empirical research examining the relationship between these two modes of thinking is lacking because their shared conceptual structure has not been articulated in detail and because they have remained siloed in practice. This essay maps eleven essential components of critical thinking to a variety of methods drawn from three popular design thinking frameworks. The mapping reveals that these seemingly unrelated modes of thinking share common features but also differ in important respects. A detailed comparison of the two modes of thinking suggests that design thinking methods have the potential to support and augment traditional critical thinking practices, and that design thinking frameworks could be modified to more explicitly incorporate critical thinking. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for the knowledge economy, and a research agenda for researchers, educators, and practitioners.

A network perspective on suicidal behavior: Understanding suicidality as a complex system.

BackgroundSuicidal behavior is the result of complex interactions between many different factors that change over time. A network perspective may improve our understanding of these complex dynamics. Within the network perspective, psychopathology is considered to be a consequence of symptoms that directly interact with one another in a network structure. To view suicidal behavior as the result of such a complex system is a good starting point to facilitate moving away from traditional linear thinking.ObjectiveTo review the existing paradigms and theories and their application to suicidal behavior.MethodsIn the first part of this paper, we introduce the relevant concepts within network analysis such as network density and centrality. Where possible, we refer to studies that have applied these concepts within the field of suicide prevention. In the second part, we move one step further, by understanding the network perspective as an initial step toward complex system theory. The latter is a branch of science that models interacting variables in order to understand the dynamics of complex systems, such as tipping points and hysteresis.ResultsFew studies have applied network analysis to study suicidal behavior. The studies that do highlight the complexity of suicidality. Complexity science offers potential useful concepts such as alternative stable states and resilience to study psychopathology and suicidal behavior, as demonstrated within the field of depression. To date, one innovative study has applied concepts from complexity science to better understand suicidal behavior. Complexity science and its application to human behavior are in its infancy, and it requires more collaboration between complexity scientists and behavioral scientists.ConclusionsClinicians and scientists are increasingly conceptualizing suicidal behavior as the result of the complex interaction between many different biological, social, and psychological risk and protective factors. Novel statistical techniques such as network analysis can help the field to better understand this complexity. The application of concepts from complexity science to the field of psychopathology and suicide research offers exciting and promising possibilities for our understanding and prevention of suicide.

Design of Print Creation System Based on Digitization

In recent years, China’s digital technology has been rapid development, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries through digital technology is one of the current mainstream trends. In this context, a new concept of digital art is put forward, and the traditional art creation forms affected by this have been completely changed, which also includes print creation. However, there are still many deficiencies in the existing digital print creation system. Therefore, this paper puts forward the design and research of digital print creation system. This paper makes a detailed investigation on the main advantages of digital technology on print creation. Through the survey results, it can be seen that the use of digital technology can enrich the color and form, make the picture more realistic, enhance the artistic value, enhance the function application, create more efficient, and create more novel and so on. However, there are still some shortcomings in the existing creation system, such as poor painting effect, lack of originality and novelty. Therefore, this paper optimizes and improves the digital print creation system. The traditional inertia thinking is broken through genetic algorithm, and personalized optimization is carried out according to the characteristics of print creation, which not only simplifies the calculation steps, but also improves the calculation accuracy. In order to further verify the effectiveness of this method, this paper compares the traditional methods and analyzes the final synthesis effect. The experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the print image processed by this method is much higher than that of the traditional method, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Research on the Application of Computer Technology in the Dissemination and Promotion of Folk Art Culture

Art culture is the traditional culture of the Chinese nation, such as paper-cut, which is the most ancient folk customs, one of the most distinctive folk art, it has a long history, enduring, It is the treasure of Chinese folk art, and also a treasure in the world art treasure house. The art culture passed down from generation to generation reflects the profound traditional thoughts and ancient culture of China. Folk art is inherited and distributed in a wide range of areas in China, and has diversified skills and styles, forming a relatively stable art form and self-sufficient modeling and expression system. The paper cutting is applied to modern computer design, endowing modern computer design with inherent traditional cultural characteristics.

Can constructed wetlands be more land efficient than centralized wastewater treatment systems? A case study based on direct and indirect land use

Compared with centralized wastewater treatment systems, constructed wetlands are generally regarded as not suitable for wide deployment due to the comparatively larger direct land area. Much of the traditional thinking is based on an onsite perspective, while the offsite information is left out. By a comparative case study with systems accounting of both onsite and offsite land use, this study questioned the traditional picture and found that constructed wetlands can be more land use efficient than centralized wastewater treatment systems. On a unit of wastewater treated basis, the land use induced by a typical constructed wetland in China is revealed to be less than half of that by the case of a centralized wastewater treatment plant or a hybrid system. On a unit removal basis for biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS) and ammonia‑nitrogen (NH3−N), the land use induced by a constructed wetland is only around 61%, 67%, 73% and 64% of that by a centralized wastewater treatment system, respectively. Meanwhile, the indirect effect is demonstrated to be significant for these three systems: this magnitude amounts to three times the direct land occupation for a constructed wetland, and one order of magnitude higher of that for the a centralized wastewater treatment system. By a scenario analysis for China in 2017, it is preliminarily estimated that over two billion square meters of land use could be reduced if all the centralized wastewater treatment systems are replaced by constructed wetlands. The outcome may serve a benchmark and offers a new way of thinking for management of wastewater treatment systems.

Narratives of the mystical among users of psychedelics

We are now witnessing a radical revival in clinical research on the use of psychedelics (e.g. LSD and psilocybin), where ‘mystical’ experiences are at the centre. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 50 psychedelic drug users, we document how they draw on archetypical mystical narratives, comprising three key dimensions: (1) the transcendence of time and space; (2) deep euphoria; and (3) the perception of being at one with ‘a larger whole’. We suggest that the evolving new cultures around the use of psychedelics contain a variety of narratives, with clear roots in traditional mystical thinking. At the same time, these narratives reflect current cultural and political influences, including the narratives of oneness with plants and animals and our perceived need to protect nature. We conclude that the way people experience mystical occasions due to psychedelic use have archetypical patterns, but culturally specific storylines.

On the cusp of a new world order? a dialogue between Confucianism and Dewey and pragmatism

ABSTRACT At the end of 2013, China introduced what it calls the ‘One Belt, One Road Initiative’ (BRI) (yidaiyiluchangyi 一带一路战倡议). From a Chinese perspective, this initiative is nothing less than a strategy to replace the existing world order in all of its parts with a vision of ‘intra-national relations’ that emerges out of traditional Chinese thinking reaching back as early as the Yijing 易经or Book of Changes. The self-conscious rhetoric of BRI is ‘equity’ (gongying 共赢) and ‘diversity’ interpreted through the language of a ‘shared future for the human community’ (renleimingyun gongtongti人类命运共同体). China can be challenged to live up to its own rhetoric. John Dewey makes a helpful distinction between the ‘idea’ and the political ‘forms’ of democracy, where his ‘idea’ of democracy is his own account of equity and shared diversity. Again, there is a direct link between Dewey’s ‘idea’ of democracy and his ‘internationalism.’ Can we use Dewey’s ‘idea’ of democracy to formulate the ‘idea’ of BRI as a Confucian version of ‘internationalism?’

The Role of Cognitive Patterns in Modelling Reality by Means of Natural Language (The Case Study of the English Cognitive Pattern “Cleanness / Dirtiness”)

In the field of cognitive linguistics it is accepted that, before developing its capacity for abstract and theoretical thought, the human mind went through the stage of reflecting reality through concrete images and thus has inherited old cognitive patterns. Even abstract notions of the modern civilization are based on traditional concrete images, and it is all fixed in natural language units. By way of illustration, the author analyzes the cognitive pattern “сleanness / dirtiness” as a constituent part of the English linguoculture, looking at the whole range of its verbal realization and demonstrating its influence on language-based thinking and modeling of reality. Comparing meanings of language units with their inner forms enabled the author to establish the connection between abstract notions and concrete images within cognitive patterns. Using the method of internal comparison and applying the results of etymological reconstruction of language units’ inner form made it possible to see how the world is viewed by representatives of the English linguoculture. Apparently, in the English linguoculture images of cleanness / dirtiness symbolize mainly two thematic areas: that of morality and that of renewal. Since every ethnic group has its own axiological dominants (key values) that determine the expressiveness of verbal invectives, one can draw the conclusion that people perceive and comprehend world fragments through the prism of mental stereo-types fixed in the inner form of language units. Sometimes, in relation to specific language units, a conflict arises between the inner form which retains traditional thinking and a meaning that reflects modern reality. Still, linguoculture is a constantly evolving entity, and its de-velopment entails breaking established stereotypes and creating new ones. Linguistically, the victory of the new over the old is manifested in the “dying out” of the verbal support for pre-vious cognitive patterns, which leads to “reprogramming” (“recoding”) of linguoculture rep-resentatives’ mentality.

Canada 1919: A Nation Shaped by War ed. by Tim Cook and J. L. Granatstein

Reviewed by: Canada 1919: A Nation Shaped by War ed. by Tim Cook and J. L. Granatstein Jack Cunningham Cook, Tim, and J. L. Granatstein, eds. – Canada 1919: A Nation Shaped by War. Vancouver: UBC Press, 2020. 338 p. In the First World War, Canada mobilized more than 650,000 men and women, of whom 66,000 perished and 172,000 suffered lesser injuries—an impressive feat for a country of eight million, still a stripling among nations. The war also saw an unprecedented degree of state intervention in the economy and everyday life, and more than a few violations of civil liberties. But arguably as consequential as anything that happened during the war itself were the events of 1919, when wartime developments were accepted, modified, or outright rejected. In that year, Canada was no longer the country of farms and villages of the Laurier boom, but not yet the industrial powerhouse over which Mackenzie King was to preside. This collection of essays by established historians and emerging scholars, based on a 2019 conference at the Canadian War Museum, provides a richly detailed, if not quite comprehensive, portrait of Canada on the precipice of modernity. The very process of repatriating Canadian troops from Europe, as Dean Oliver and William F. Stewart make clear in their chapters, was something of a bureaucratic bungle: soldiers were subjected to mind-numbing boredom and delays, culminating in the 1918/1919 demobilization riots in Britain. Their work nicely augments Desmond Morton’s treatment of this topic. Serge Marc Durflinger forces a reconsideration of traditional thinking in his account of the thunderous reception offered the 22nd Battalion, the fabled Van Doos, upon their return to the City of Québec. Kandace Bogaert’s chapter demonstrates that the federal government did build upon the rudimentary welfare state created in wartime for the benefit of soldiers [End Page 661] and their dependents, but tried to do so on the cheap, with inadequate pensions that led, against the backdrop of a sharp postwar recession, to disillusionment. As Jeff Keshen notes, while the government may have acquired unprecedented powers while hostilities persisted, too many policymakers clung to prewar orthodoxies, and were keen to unleash the private sector and curtail state initiatives once the war was over. Attachment to the prewar order and fear of Bolshevism on the part of Canada’s governing classes clashed with soldiers’ disillusionment in the streets of Winnipeg. David Bercuson revisits the General Strike, during which respectively angry and complacent veterans added to the militancy of both the strikers and those who broke them. It was not only inflation and unemployment with which returning veterans and their families had to contend, but also the influenza pandemic, which Mark Osborne Humphries, who has written at greater length on the topic, limns in an unexpectedly timely contribution. It was a dramatically changed political landscape to which the veterans returned. The imposition of conscription and the Borden government’s ruthless machinations surrounding the 1917 election had generated fierce hostility in Quebec and most of rural Canada, leading to the splintering of the two-party system that had prevailed under Macdonald and Laurier. The formation of the Progressives as a low-tariff party of agrarian protest and the rise of the United Farmers of Ontario, who formed a provincial government in 1919, inaugurated the new age of multi-party politics with which, J. L. Granatstein contends, we live, mutatis mutandis, today. On the international stage, Canada counted for more in 1919 too. As Norman Hillmer informs us, Borden adroitly augmented Canada’s autonomy with a separate signature on the Treaty of Versailles and membership in the new League of Nations, but those pundits and policymakers who hoped for a strong Canadian role within a more integrated British empire saw their aspirations founder on intractably domestic preoccupations on the part of the electorate and thus its politicians. What standing Canada might have rested on a flimsy military base, because, as Roger Sarty and Douglas Delaney note in their chapters, the impressive wartime military machine was rapidly dismantled. The army, navy, and rudimentary air force were pared to the bone, with the result that in 1939 Canada was as...

Thoughts on flexible governance in environmental mass incidents

The occurrence of environmental group events often brings harm to public interests. According to the traditional thinking, many local governments deal with mass incidents simply and roughly, and lack of effective communication, consultation and persuasion, which fully exposes the loopholes in government public management. In view of environmental mass incidents, we should not only be aware of citizens' dissatisfaction with the government, but also realize that citizens' awareness of environmental rights is revived. The government can communicate and negotiate with the public through flexible governance, so as to promote the good solution of environmental mass incidents.

"Xilala is only treated with a good hand": a study on the treatment of malnutrition in Mozambique.

In Mozambique old and new evils of body and spirit intertwine, thus allowing particular contours to modern life. Traditional diseases are reconfigured along the lines of a new thinking, and what Western medicine calls malnutrition is defined as xilala by the local traditional thinking. This study aimed to understand the point of view of both caregivers (mothers and grandmothers) of children participating in a Nutritional Rehabilitation Program and ethnomedicine experts, who find themselves entangled in a complex set of relationships through which different forms to comprehend body, health, and disease circulate. The supplement, as an object, has a life of its own and takes on new meanings when it leaves the hospital. When its use happens at home, it acquires a particularity: it becomes food. Thus, it ceases to be something inert and impersonal, which is a feature of standard medicine of the health institution. The local view centered on ethnomedicine is based on the certainty that a situation affecting a child cannot have a healing outcome if not by traditional medicine. Biomedical rationality erected from the confluence of the biological and technical sciences with their scientific postulates does not constitute the authorized discourse in this context.

Form Deconstruction of Chinese Contemporary Landscape Architecture-Take the Design of Wuhan University of Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Park as an Example

There are several differences in architectural forms and cultural systems between the east and the west, which are attributed to different traditional philosophical ontologies. China takes "Tao" as its ideological basis emphasizes: "Nothing". Chinese fundamental principles are deeply related to philosophy and metaphysics. Traditional culture pursues spiritual connotations. Inversely, the west regards "Logos" as the origin of the world. This emphasizes the "being", with fundamental principles based in geometry, mathematics and science. The west has established a scientific spatial consciousness since the beginning of the Renaissance. It is based on mathematical relations and geometric principles, and focused on the pursuit of matter. "Logos" is an important aspect of Western philosophy, meaning that the “center”, the “source” or the “truth”, is a transcendental "presence." Pythagorean's mathematical theory and Plato's "rational" thinking are ultimately a variant of "Logos". The external imitation of nature in western classical gardens aims to explore the essence of nature. The separation of subject and object as the fundamental formula of Western philosophical epistemology has made mankind dominating nature for a long time. It leads to the deterioration of our living environment. Deconstructive philosophical thought is the subversion and criticism of the "Logos centralism" since ancient Greece. It eliminates the sense of "center" and the "subject-object dichotomy", which is the process of transforming "being" to "nothing". "Anthropocentrism" is disintegrated, when people and nature re-entered in an equal dialogue and symbiosis. Therefore, the symbiotic relationship between man and nature has been reshaped by the spirit of deconstruction. This is highly compatible with the ideological concept of "harmony between man and nature". The cultural spirit of harmony is precious in Chinese traditional philosophy. Taking the design project of the Innovation Pioneer Park of Wuhan University of Technology as a casestudy, this paper analyses the morphological deconstruction characteristics and their cultural connotation to contemporary Chinese courtyard spaces. It explores a design language and method that breaks through the traditional thinking paradigm, bridging it to characteristics of a particular era as well as the aesthetic appeal. This is not a universal design paradigm, but an exploratory series of philosophical speculative processes, which in turn can inform a dynamic and sustainable development. It shows ideological essence of reminiscent of culture and spirit of the traditional Chinese landscape. Contemporary people’s world views should be manifest. By doing so, it becomes a conceptual, radiant and pioneering Chinese cultural spiritual symbol in a chaotic contemporary society.

Direct Seeding of Basmati Rice through Improved Drills: Potential and Constraints in Pakistani Farm Settings

Abstract.In Pakistan, rice is an important cash crop and is cultivated over 2.75 mha, generally as traditionally transplanted rice (TTPR). High labor costs and water requirements, time intensiveness, low plant populations, and increased methane emissions are problems associated with TTPR. Alternatively, direct seeded rice (DSR) is now being adopted by rice growers for saving of labor cost (1-2 compared to 50-60 person-days/ha for TTPR), for time and water saving (10% to 30%), and most importantly for achieving the optimal plant population. Technical issues in machine design, and direct seeding, lack of farmers’ awareness about the technology, and social issues are the major hurdles in wide scale adoption of this effective intervention. To identify and address these issues, a testing and calibration activity was conducted during 2017 in the eight major basmati rice producing districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Twenty-one DSR drills (model 2017) being used in the field were tested to determine efficiency and farmers’ perceptions of the technology were noted. Plant germination percentage and vegetation vigor were also measured. The drawbacks in design, manufacturing, and assembling were identified in the DSR drills and modifications were made in the new model to improve efficiency. Fifty-three randomly selected modified DSR drills (model 2018) were calibrated in 2018 before the start of the rice-sowing season. In 2017 the study showed large variability in the row-to-row distance, seed rate and distances of individual drills, and resulting seed germination ranged from 20% to 90% sown at different sites. In 2018, the standard deviation (SD) of seed rate was improved from SD = 19.7 to 6.6 g/40 rev/tine while SD of row-to-row distance was reduced from 0.81 to 0.61 cm as compared to 2017 drill. The plant vigor measured in terms of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) showed a good relationship with the plant population (R2 = 0.66) except at a few locations where weeds dominated. Important social issues identified were farmer’s lack of interest in preparing the land, precision land leveling, seed treatment, timely inputs, and farmer’s traditional thinking. However, farmers were motivated to consider adopting the DSR technology by demonstration plots established in 2017 by the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture & Biology (NIAB) and the Rice Research Institute (RRI), Kala Shah Kaku. Increased DSR machine sales in 2018 indicate the technology is being more widely adopted. Keywords: Direct seeded rice drills, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Plant population, Precision planting, Traditionally transplanted rice.

Tailoring a LaMnO3 cathode for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells: integration of high performance and excellent stability

Doping a LaMnO3 cathode with the Ca element produces a La0.5Ca0.5MnO3−δ cathode, which shows high performance for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells, surpassing all similar cells, although the low basicity of Ca makes it an inappropriate doping element in traditional thinking.

中国共产党对传统民本思想的传承与超越

中国共产党对传统民本思想的传承与超越

Chinese strategic thinking. The fundamentals of the Chinese model of world governance

This article analyzes the connections between China’s foreign policy guidelines and traditional Chinese strategic thinking, where Confucian and Taoist conceptions provide guidelines for understanding the world views discussed in schools of international relations. The measures adopted by the Chinese authorities based on Chinese philosophical thought are also analyzed and linked in order to verify that their application is still valid and that the strategies and tactics that General Sunzi indicates in his book The Art of War or the teachings Taoist master Zhuangzi remain a practical guide for Chinese leaders in their geostrategic movements, understandable to the people and useful for maintaining harmony and unity.

Research On The Construction Path And Evaluation System Of "Ideological And Political Course" Of Management Specialty In Applied Colleges And Universities Under The Background Of Internet

The rise of Internet technology brings opportunities for the development of various industries in China, and creates a good environment for the information construction and the innovation and cultivation of talents in colleges and universities. Although Internet technology has changed the traditional teaching thinking and mode, under the background of "Internet ", the openness of information, the diversity of culture and the contradiction between various trends of thought make students' moral understanding and ideas face severe challenges. The major of management is mainly to train professionals who meet the needs of market economy and adapt to the development of modernization. They should not only master the professional knowledge of economic management, but also have the ability and comprehensive accomplishment to engage in practical financial work. Therefore, the applied colleges and universities should take the Internet platform as the opportunity to explore the construction path and evaluation system of college students' ideology and morality, and create an environment for the healthy development of students.