Traditional Print Research Articles

Issues and Problems in Educational Surveillance and Proctoring Technologies

Introduction. The increase of online course offerings due to COVID 19 has substantially increased eproctoring technology used to streamline classroom management and assessment. Faculty and students are increasingly concerned about the requirements of these systems. This presentation will: Explore the experiences of eproctoring internalized by college. Categorize this population's experiences and concerns in the context of eproctoring and surveillance. To do so, the following research questions are considered: How is eproctoring described in scholarly literature, social media, and student print media? What components of eproctoring surveillance are viewed as detrimental to student learning using these sources, and how do the impacted individuals describe these components? Research Methods. The presenters rapid review method is intended to provide timely decision-making information compared with standard systematic reviews. This method demonstrates the urgency and impact of eproctoring technologies on students. Institutions may use this information to make informed and holistic decisions on the specialized software they acquire and implement. For this study, the unit of analysis refers to unique student responses to eproctoring. The authors include (a) Peer-reviewed scholarly literature, (b) traditional print, (c) student print media defined as newspapers and magazines, (b) social media. Preliminary data (N = 20) describes e-proctoring surveillance technology as anxiety-provoking, intrusive, discriminatory, and adversarial. Stakeholders actively push back against e proctoring requirements and demand transparency, aligning with prior research on student privacy (Ifenthaler & Schumacher, 2016). Implications for Higher Education Policy or Practice. This study's results inform policymaking around assessment practices, standardizing expectations, and creating eproctoring standards and policies that center students' rights, personhood, and privacy that outweigh the need for convenient assessment.

Professional journalistic speech in the media environment

The research deals with one of the most important topics in the field of studying Russian as a foreign language - the diversity of the Russian language media environment. The purpose of the study is to determine its status in Russian-speaking media environment professional journalistic speech, that is its communicative status. The work analyses Russian-language publications of the traditional print press, radio, television, and materials presented in the communicative environment of the Internet: sites of various publishing houses, publics on social networks, blogs, etc. The paper is based on descriptive and comparative analysis. For the first time the content of the concept professional journalistic speech is revealed in the linguistic aspect. The main feature defining the ontology of media speech is the utility - direct involvement in general social life. Media text in its existence is always associated with the time of its publication, has specific coordinates of the social space-time, is created for here and for now. It is this feature of media speech that determines all its lexical and grammatical parameters. The media environment is presented as a space for everyday social communication. It is accompanied by the communicative space of everyday interpersonal communication - conversational speech. The latter thanks to Internet communication technologies actively invades the media speech space. Media speech actively interacts with colloquial speech. The research has shown that professional journalistic speech has always been a systemic element of the media environment, which manifests itself in a wide variety of forms. Numerous private enterprises are adapting professional journalistic speech products to their needs. The media communication environment is open, and in its borders, the printed form of colloquial speech is emerging. The space of non-professional media speech is also emerging - certain types of blogs, news feed Yandex-Zen. In the media sphere, the share of oral speech is constantly increasing. Because of the general trend towards personalization of the general information and analytical stream, the volume of author broadcasting increases. In this situation professional oral journalism requires special attention in the aspect of its non-verbal components of communication. Specialization in author broadcasting needs the technology of teaching Russian oral speech with increased attention to non-verbal components that have a pronounced national identity. The research prospects are primarily associated with dynamically developing local Russian-language speech media systems as verbal and polycode, as their composition is constantly being updated.

Theoretical and Experimental Research on Multi-Layer Vessel-like Structure Printing Based on 3D Bio-Printing Technology.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional autologous transplantation has become a severe issue due to insufficient donors. Artificial blood vessel is an effective method for the treatment of major vascular diseases, such as heart and peripheral blood vessel diseases. However, the traditional single-material printing technology has been unable to meet the users’ demand for product functional complexity, which is not only reflected in the field of industrial manufacturing, but also in the field of functional vessel-like structure regeneration. In order to achieve the printing and forming of multi-layer vessel-like structures, this paper carries out theoretical and experimental research on the printing and forming of a multi-layer vessel-like structure based on multi-material 3D bioprinting technology. Firstly, theoretical analysis has been explored to research the relationship among the different parameters in the process of vessel forming, and further confirm the synchronous relationship among the extrusion rate of material, the tangential speed of the rotating rod, and the movement speed of the platform. Secondly, sodium alginate and gelatin have been used as the experimental materials to manufacture the vessel-like structure, and the corrected parameter of the theoretical analysis is further verified. Finally, the cell-loaded materials have been printed and analyzed, and cell viability is more than 90%, which provides support for the research of multi-layer vessel-like structure printing.

Surface and optical properties of calcium carbonate paper

The article investigates the surface and optical properties of calcium carbonate paper obtained at the UzbekChinese enterprise Fergana stone paper company (Uzbekistan), in order to identify the possibility of their use at printing enterprises for printing multicolor products using traditional printing methods. According to the results of a quantitative assessment of the surface quality by the indirect Beck method, we can say that paper sample 1 has a smoothness like coated paper (750–1500 s), paper samples 2 and 3 – like calendered paper, so that these paper samples can be recommended for prints with increased quality requirements. Smaller values of roughness Ra and small depressions, expressed by darkening in the topographic AFM images, characterized sufficient homogeneity and density of the structure. It was also revealed that the surface of the paper samples has a high ability to specularly reflect the incident light, since the percentage of surface reflection is similar to that of coated papers. Samples of paper have a whiteness of about 90 % and do not have a tint, since the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the reflection coefficients on a white stack is not more than 10 %. The tested paper samples can be recommended without restrictions for double-sided printing, since the opacity index is more than 92 %.

The response of the accommodation system to digital and print images

Background: The transition from traditional print medium to a digital medium may affect the accommodative response (AR) because of the differences in the characteristics of the targets viewed.Aim: This study investigated how the accommodation system responded to targets displayed on a tablet computer compared to that on paper.Setting: The study was conducted amongst students at a university in South Africa.Methods: Using a quantitative, cross-sectional study the AR, amplitude of accommodation (AA), and accommodative facility (AF) were assessed with a target on an iPad and a paper-based one on a non-probability sample of 30 university students. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Bland Altman plots.Results: The median AR with a tablet was +0.25 dioptre (D) compared to +0.21 D with the paper-based target. This difference was neither statistically nor clinically significant. The median AA with a tablet computer target was 10.59 D and 9.85 D with a paper-based target. While this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002), Bland Altman analysis revealed comparable measurements with both types of targets. Both Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p = 0.462) and Bland Altman analysis found comparable medians for AF obtained with a target on paper (7.67 cycles per minute [cpm]) and a target on the tablet computer (7.17 cpm) to be comparable.Conclusion: The accuracy, strength and flexibility of accommodation were comparable for tablet computer and paper-based targets.

DATA VISUALISATION AND VISUAL DESIGN FOR INFORMATION EXTRACTION IN TRADITIONAL PRINT PUBLICATION AND DIGITAL CULTURE

The subject of this study is on information design and data visualisation. The aim of research is to understand perspectives of visual design in improving critical visual literacy. The objective of study is to identify various perspectives towards critical visual literacy among audiences who have access to print publications, but who are increasingly migrating to digital media platforms. In the overview of literature, this paper will be reviewing a wide range of scholarly works from authors who have effectively identified the role of data visualisation in audiences’ use of print and digital media to extract information. A mixed-methods approach is utilised for research methodology. The first method is a case study of a century-old natural science publication. German biologist Ernst Haeckel’s 1904 double volume of lithographic prints, Art Forms in Nature, will be critically discussed. The second method presents the results of a survey of Malaysian audiences’ attitudes and perceptions towards visual information, and the key factors that foster and hinder information extraction and medium use, specifically aspects of convenience and layout design. Respondents were also queried on the functionality and importance of digital media for the purpose of knowledge, research and information gathering. Analysis of survey findings show that there is still a limited scope of understanding audiences’ challenges with both lexical (reading) and visual literacies. This dilemma is essential for visual designers to acknowledge, in the context of mapping the functions of data visualisation for designing information in publications. Among commercial publishers, particularly those in digital publication sectors, the current impact of digital visual culture on traditional print publication suggests that this dilemma must be further studied to understand future implications of data visualisation and visual design on audiences seeking knowledge and information. Some recommendations will be provided.

Meta‐analysis examining the effects of electronic storybooks on language and literacy outcomes for children in grades Pre‐K to grade 2

AbstractBackgroundThe array of availability of diverse digital reading applications, the mixed results emerging from small‐scale experimental studies, as well as the long‐standing tradition and range of known positive developmental outcomes gained from adult‐child storybook reading warrant an investigation into electronic storybooks (e‐books) by performing a meta‐analysis, which includes recent studies.ObjectivesThe overall purpose of this meta‐analysis is to examine the impact of e‐book reading on language and literacy development of young children when compared with traditional reading of print books with or without adult scaffolding in a structured and controlled environment.MethodsThis meta‐analysis includes experimental studies published between 2008 and 2021 with a target population of 3–8 year‐olds (n = 2.317).Results and conclusionsAnalyses indicated a small positive effect for e‐books when compared with print books on language and literacy development [g = 0.25; 95% CI = (0.09, 0.42)]. A moderate positive effect was found for vocabulary learning, [g = 0.40; 95% CI = (0.10, 0.69)], especially in relation to expressive vocabulary [g = 0.54; 95% CI = (0.08, 1.00)]. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between multimedia e‐books and the development of code‐related skills. However, no significant differences were found between e‐book and print book reading in relation to story comprehension.ImplicationsFindings showed that digital features combined with adult scaffolding produced significant positive effects when compared with traditional print book reading with adult support. The findings have practical ramifications, since they can help researchers and educators identify which digital features have the greatest influence on improving children's language and literacy skills when engaging with e‐books.

Enhancing the electrical and mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet composites for 3D printed microsatellite structures

Fused filament fabrication 3D printing is currently limited for its application in producing space components because of the performance of current polymeric materials. During this research a novel method for 3D printing 5% carbon fibre and different quantities of graphene nanoplatelets of between 0.01% and 5% has been developed. These formulations have been used to reinforce Polyethylene terephthalate thermoplastic that has been subsequently 3D printed to form a microsatellite chassis. This research demonstrates how the novel polymer blend has significantly improved electrically conductive and mechanical properties over that of the parent polymer, which was evaluated after 3D printing. These results confirm that the formulation developed during this research has the performance properties required for 3D printing of space structures. It has been observed that the process through which the nanocomposite masterbatch is manufactured is highly sensitive to the processes used. This is particularly the case when creating multi-material nanocomposite formulations. The research demonstrates how traditional 3D printing technology can be used to fabricate a range of high-performance cube microsatellite structures.

Preparation and application of water-based nano-silver conductive ink in paper-based 3D printing

PurposeIn flexible electronics applications, organic inks are mostly used for inkjet printing. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing technology has the advantages of low cost, high speed and good precision in modern electronic printing. The purpose of this study is to solve the high cost of traditional printing and the pollution emissions of organic ink. It is necessary to develop a water-based conductive ink that is easily degradable and can be 3 D printed. A nano-silver ink printed circuit pattern with high precision, high conductivity and good mechanical properties is a promising strategy.Design/methodology/approachThe researched nano-silver conductive ink is mainly composed of silver nanoparticles and resin. The effect of adding methyl cellulose on the ink was also explored. A simple 3 D circuit pattern was printed on photographic paper. The line width, line length, line thickness and conductivity of the printed circuit were tested. The influence of sintering temperature and sintering time on pattern resistivity was studied. The relationship between circuit pattern bending performance and electrical conductivity is analyzed.FindingsThe experimental results show that the ink has the characteristics of low silver content and good environmental protection effect. The printing feasibility of 3 D printing circuit patterns on paper substrates was confirmed. The best printing temperature is 160°C–180°C, and the best sintering time is 30 min. The circuit pattern can be folded 120°, and the cycle is folded more than 60 times. The minimum resistivity of the circuit pattern is 6.07 µΩ·cm. Methyl cellulose can control the viscosity of the ink. The mechanical properties of the pattern have been improved. The printing method of 3 D printing can significantly reduce the sintering time and temperature of the conductive ink. These findings may provide innovation for the flexible electronics industry and pave the way for alternatives to cost-effective solutions.Originality/valueIn this study, direct ink writing technology was used to print circuit patterns on paper substrates. This process is simple and convenient and can control the thickness of the ink layer. The ink material is nonpolluting to the environment. Nano-silver ink has suitable viscosity and pH value. It can meet the requirements of pneumatic 3 D printers. The method has the characteristics of simple process, fast forming, low cost and high environmental friendliness.

The New Normal: Textile Crafts in Kutch Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper explores how the artisan communities of Kutch district in India navigate through the impact of the 2001 earthquake and the COVID-19 pandemic, to preserve their skills as well as initiate self innovative designs. The intention is to look into the negative impact on their lives that also offers a ray of hope for innovations to have taken place. The pressure of the pandemic has pushed artisans to preserve craft culture in various ways. An example of the master artisans of Dhamadka, custodians of natural dyeing and traditional Ajrakh hand block printing for 10 generations is shared. The pandemic situation has thus inspired them to create narrative masterpieces. A reference to a weaving community in Bhujodi village, who experienced a steep monetary downfall due to the curb on trade, that accounted for a major portion of their income, has also been made. This paper brings forth an experience of the balance of life where a downfall followed by a rise becomes the way of life, the “New Normal” today. The pandemic has certainly affected the artisan communities a great deal, but each has resonated a different impact toward their livelihood.

Реализация категории динамики в сетевом новостном газетном тексте (на материале веб-версий англоязычных газет)

The research aims to identify features and ways of implementing the dynamics of a newspaper article on the Internet. The work examines the specifics and ways of creating dynamism in this type of text that are characteristic of both a traditional print news article and news published by online media, as well as new opportunities for the implementation of this category due to the acquisition by the newspaper text of properties peculiar to online media discourse and Internet discourse in general. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that the analysis of the dynamic properties of texts belonging to the considered genre was carried out taking into account the tendency to narrativise news material, for which reason the approach to studying the dynamics of a text adopted in narratology was used; in addition, the author proposed a broader understanding of dynamism, which includes not only dynamics that conforms to the plot, but also the kind that goes beyond it. As a result of the research, specific features and types of online news dynamics, as well as ways and means of its implementation have been described.

Aesthetical and Accuracy Outcomes of Reconstruction of Maxillary Defect by 3D Virtual Surgical Planning.

BackgroundReconstruction of maxillary defect resulting from trauma or oncology surgery is of great importance for patients with physical and psychological complications. The virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing technics had been used in recent years which simplified the surgical procedure and promoted success and accuracy. To assess the accuracy and outcome of VSP surgery, here we report our experience in maxillary reconstruction retrospectively.MethodPatients who received maxillary defect reconstruction from 2013 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 received VSP and 3D printed guiding plates in the surgery, while group 2 underwent free-hand surgery (FHS). Patients with different vertical and horizontal defects were classified according to Brown and Shaw classification. Clinical information and postoperative complications of all patients were collected. For patients with unilateral maxillary defect, orbit volume, orbit height, and the contour of the reconstructed side were compared with the normal side.ResultThirty-four patients who achieved the criteria were analyzed, of which 20 patients underwent VSP surgery. There were primary and secondary reconstruction cases in both two groups. Vascularized iliac crest flap was used in three cases, and fibula flap was performed in the other cases. One flap collapse occurred in FHS group. Seven patients in VSP group received dental implants, while the number in FHS group was 0. In vertical class III cases, the differences in orbit height (ΔD) and orbit volume (ΔV) between normal side and reconstructed side were measured and compared in the two groups. The mean ΔD is 1.78 ± 1.33 mm in VSP group and 4.25 ± 0.95 mm in FHS group, while the mean ΔV is 2.04 ± 0.85 cm3 in VSP group and 3.25 ± 0.17 cm3 in FHS group. The alterations of orbit height and volume in VSP group were much smaller than that in FHS group with statistical significance. From the perspective of aesthetics, the color-gradient map indicates a more symmetric and smoother curve of post-operation appearance in VSP group.ConclusionCompared with traditional free-hand surgical technics, VSP and 3D printing guiding plates can allow for a more accurate maxillary reconstruction with improved aesthetics.

Reconstruction resolution enhancement of EPISM based holographic stereogram with hogel spatial multiplexing

We investigate how the splicing mode of a holographic element (hogel) affects the reconstruction of a 3D scene to improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram fabricated using the effective perspective image segmentation and mosaicking method (EPISM). First, the effect of hogel spatial multiplexing on holographic recording and reconstruction is studied based on the mechanism of recording interference fringes in the holographic recording medium. Second, combined with the influence of multiple exposures on the hologram’s diffraction efficiency, the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is analyzed in the spatial multiplexing mode. The holographic stereogram is then regarded as a special optical imaging system. The theory of spatial bandwidth product is adopted to describe the comprehensive resolution of the holographic stereogram, which explains why hogel spatial multiplexing can significantly improve the reconstruction resolution of a holographic stereogram. Compared with the traditional printing method under the same parameters in optical experiments, hogel spatial multiplexing has a lower diffraction efficiency but a higher quality of reconstructed image, consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Structural Coloration of Polyester Fabrics with High Colorfastness by Copolymer Photonic Crystals Containing Reactive Epoxy Groups.

Structural color as a revolutionary coloration strategy has been proposed to replace the traditional dyeing and printing process. However, the poor colorfastness and easy crack formation of structural colors on textile fabrics restrict their practical application at present. In this study, poly (tert-butyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(t-BA-co-GMA)) copolymers containing reactive epoxy groups with different mass ratios of tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were successfully synthesized, which were used to create structural colors on black polyester fabrics. The results showed that P(t-BA-co-GMA) nanospheres could form crack-free structural colors on polyester fabrics, and the colors vary with the mass ratio of t-BA and GMA to obtain five different colors. The different particle sizes of the different P(t-BA-co-GMA) nanospheres with different refractive indexes and the arrangement of short-range ordered and long-range disordered in microstructures may be the reason of different angle-independent structural colors on polyester fabrics. The P(t-BA-co-GMA) nanosphere structural colors on polyester fabrics possess good abrasion and washing colorfastness. This research provides the experimental basis for the development of crack-free amorphous photonic crystal structural color on fabrics with high colorfastness to promote the practical application of structural color in textile coloration.

Fempreneurs and Digital Feminist Publishing

Through semi-structured interviews, online ethnography, and secondary data analysis of a wide range of popular feminist blogs from Canada, the US and UK, this article teases out connections amongst ‘the business of feminism’ (Young 1989) between traditional print and contemporary digital feminist blogs. While both forms of publishing are highly affective, precarious and often rely on unpaid labour, feminist bloggers face some unique challenges, such as finding sustainable ways to digitally archive and preserve content, and developing digital defence and management strategies to tackle the rise of coordinate online misogyny. Marked by the continued erosion of the welfare state and the rise of neoliberal ideologies, this article demonstrates how enterprising feminist bloggers—or ‘fempreneurs’—are finding many creative ways to sustain their activism.

By Us, for Us? Past and Present Black Feminist Publishing Narratives and Routes

From zine-making to creating independent publishing houses, throughout history, Black women have found routes that enable them to autonomously communicate their perspectives and share their Black feminist creative and campaigning work. The ascent of social media and online content-sharing platforms in recent decades has generated publishing avenues that are often deemed to be more democratic than traditional press and print pathways. The rich history of Black feminist publishing has led to present-day digital forms of ‘do it yourself (DIY)’ and ‘do it together (DIT)’ publishing, including the proliferation of first-person online essays and video blogs (vlogs). This paper maps parts of the legacy of Black feminist publishing in Britain and the broader Black press history that it is part of. There is an exploration of opportunities and challenges involved in Black women’s contemporary publishing via digital terrains, such as tensions between how independent Black feminist writing and cultural production can gain recognition online, yet, in ways that can result in the harassment of Black feminists and the fuelling of mainstream media activity which lacks a Black feminist position. Considering past and present examples of Black feminist publishing in Britain, this paper examines how and why such approaches have changed.

Patternable structural color prepared by using photonic crystal paints with high solid content

In this work, a kind of structural color paint composed of poly (styrene-butyl acrylate-butyl methacrylic acid) (P(St-BA-MAA)) latex dispersion was used to rapidly fabricate large‐area photonic crystal patterns (PCPs). There are two main parts: the P(St-BA-MAA) latex dispersion with high solid contents was prepared via an optimized semi‐batch emulsion polymerization method, and then the prepared P(St-BA-MAA) latex dispersion was directly used as paints to fabricate PCPs on different substrates by traditional brushing or printing method. Specifically, the apparent color, particle size and morphology of the P(St-BA-MAA) latex microspheres were characterized, the process of PCPs formation was deeply explored, the color effects and regulatory mechanisms of resultant structural color from PCPs were systematically analyzed, and the large-area PCPs with different color hues were fabricated using P(St-BA-MAA) latex microspheres. It was confirmed that the solid contents of synthesized P(St-BA-MAA) latex dispersion were about 50–55 wt%, the microspheres presented excellent monodispersity, good sphericity and typical core-shell structure. The process of PCPs formation was accompanied by a series of color changes, which could be explained by the Bragg's law of diffraction. The three dimensions (3D) PCPs with bright and angle-dependent structural color could be fabricated within 15–20 s on substrates, and the addition of black dye into paints could well enhance the brightness and vividness of prepared structural color. The area of PCPs with different structural colors could reach 1 m2 facilely in our experiments, which builds a practical basis for the industrialization of PCPs. The research results of this work would provide strategic support for the practical application of photonic crystals.

Fake News and the “Wild Wide Web”: A Study of Elementary Students’ Reliability Reasoning

Online research presents unique challenges for elementary students as they develop and extend fundamental literacy skills to various media. Some features of internet text differ from that of traditional print, contributing to the challenges of discerning “fake news.” Readers must understand how to navigate online texts to conduct research effectively, while applying critical thinking to determine the reliability of online information. Descriptive data from an ongoing study revealed that children in grades 1–5 lack some basic understanding of how to search the “wild wide web.” Just as children benefit from explicit instruction related to text features, children benefit from instruction related to the features of the internet. This article presents a study of website evaluation that occurs early in the search process prior to the selection of a particular website or article. The application of the web literacy skills required to conduct an internet search is addressed, and recommendations prompt teachers to consider searches beyond the “walled garden,” as well as ways to handle the “messiness” of internet exploration.

Spatially and optically tailored 3D printing for highly miniaturized and integrated microfluidics

Traditional 3D printing based on Digital Light Processing Stereolithography (DLP-SL) is unnecessarily limiting as applied to microfluidic device fabrication, especially for high-resolution features. This limitation is due primarily to inherent tradeoffs between layer thickness, exposure time, material strength, and optical penetration that can be impossible to satisfy for microfluidic features. We introduce a generalized 3D printing process that significantly expands the accessible spatially distributed optical dose parameter space to enable the fabrication of much higher resolution 3D components without increasing the resolution of the 3D printer. Here we demonstrate component miniaturization in conjunction with a high degree of integration, including 15 μm × 15 μm valves and a 2.2 mm × 1.1 mm 10-stage 2-fold serial diluter. These results illustrate our approach’s promise to enable highly functional and compact microfluidic devices for a wide variety of biomolecular applications.

INFLUENCE OF MEDIA INFORMATION ON THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION

The media's ability to set the information agenda, to draw the public's attention to several major public issues, is known to be a large-scale and clearly proven influence. People not only get accurate information from the media about important state issues, but they also determine the level of importance of a particular topic based on how much attention is given to that topic in the broadcasting process. The article summarized the idea of the impact of published media information on public life, including the formation of public opinion on any issue, using the method of comparative analysis. Traditional print media emphasize the importance of topics in daily issues with capital letters, while television news conveys the significance of an event through the opening story, length, and attention to detail in the newscast, while new media prioritize online features with the advantage of direct communication. These signs, which are always in use, effectively convey the importance of each topic. In other words, the media can set the agenda by drawing the public's attention to a particular issue that shapes public opinion.