Traditional Print Media Research Articles

The response of the accommodation system to digital and print images

Background: The transition from traditional print medium to a digital medium may affect the accommodative response (AR) because of the differences in the characteristics of the targets viewed.Aim: This study investigated how the accommodation system responded to targets displayed on a tablet computer compared to that on paper.Setting: The study was conducted amongst students at a university in South Africa.Methods: Using a quantitative, cross-sectional study the AR, amplitude of accommodation (AA), and accommodative facility (AF) were assessed with a target on an iPad and a paper-based one on a non-probability sample of 30 university students. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and Bland Altman plots.Results: The median AR with a tablet was +0.25 dioptre (D) compared to +0.21 D with the paper-based target. This difference was neither statistically nor clinically significant. The median AA with a tablet computer target was 10.59 D and 9.85 D with a paper-based target. While this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002), Bland Altman analysis revealed comparable measurements with both types of targets. Both Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p = 0.462) and Bland Altman analysis found comparable medians for AF obtained with a target on paper (7.67 cycles per minute [cpm]) and a target on the tablet computer (7.17 cpm) to be comparable.Conclusion: The accuracy, strength and flexibility of accommodation were comparable for tablet computer and paper-based targets.

INFLUENCE OF MEDIA INFORMATION ON THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPINION

The media's ability to set the information agenda, to draw the public's attention to several major public issues, is known to be a large-scale and clearly proven influence. People not only get accurate information from the media about important state issues, but they also determine the level of importance of a particular topic based on how much attention is given to that topic in the broadcasting process. The article summarized the idea of the impact of published media information on public life, including the formation of public opinion on any issue, using the method of comparative analysis. Traditional print media emphasize the importance of topics in daily issues with capital letters, while television news conveys the significance of an event through the opening story, length, and attention to detail in the newscast, while new media prioritize online features with the advantage of direct communication. These signs, which are always in use, effectively convey the importance of each topic. In other words, the media can set the agenda by drawing the public's attention to a particular issue that shapes public opinion.

Towards an Environmental History of Television. Water Pollution Issues on Finnish Broadcasting Prior to Earth Day 1970

Abstract If we want to understand the historical expansion of environmental awareness among the great public, then we must answer the questions, who communicated what to whom and how? In addition to traditional print media, television also presumably played a significant role in raising environmental issues to public consciousness. And yet, surprisingly enough, unlike with newspapers, empirical data about television is almost completely lacking. We simply do not know when, where, why and how television started to broadcast environmental news. Consequently our case study can be considered an entrée into the qualitative study of the environmental history of television. Our study focuses on Finnish Broadcasting Company and we explore how water pollution and protection issues were introduced on television to the Finnish public as a part of the 'long' emergence of modern environmental awareness prior to the Earth Day in 1970. The data sources consist of written content reports collected from the database of the television archives as well as digitised versions of original programme recordings. Relying on frame analysis, the article explores the glory days of television, a time when television network heads could expect that almost any programming would attract the undivided attention of its audience in all industrialised nations in the world.

Information Sharing and Decision-Making: Attempts by Ghanaian Return Migrants to Enter through Libya

This article examines the relationship between irregular migration, access to information and migration decisions. Using semi-structured interviews of thirty irregular return migrants who failed to reach their European destinations through Libya, I show that irregular return migrants from Ghana rely predominantly on interpersonal sources, including colleagues, neighbors, friends and relatives, for information on migration. Return migrants seek information from those who have relevant experience with that kind of migration. Existing research focuses on information from ‘formal’ sources such as traditional print media, social media, library or workshops. Here I argue that this focus on access to information conceals the activities and practices of irregular return migrants who perceive European destinations as ‘greener pastures’ and seek information to travel through dangerous routes. Most irregular return migrants interviewed in this study indicated they had access to information from ‘informal’ sources often shared as ‘jokes.’ Although irregular return migrants perceive the information they gather through their everyday activities as reliable, their interactions involve complex and unstructured social processes.

FakeBERT: Fake news detection in social media with a BERT-based deep learning approach

In the modern era of computing, the news ecosystem has transformed from old traditional print media to social media outlets. Social media platforms allow us to consume news much faster, with less restricted editing results in the spread of fake news at an incredible pace and scale. In recent researches, many useful methods for fake news detection employ sequential neural networks to encode news content and social context-level information where the text sequence was analyzed in a unidirectional way. Therefore, a bidirectional training approach is a priority for modelling the relevant information of fake news that is capable of improving the classification performance with the ability to capture semantic and long-distance dependencies in sentences. In this paper, we propose a BERT-based (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) deep learning approach (FakeBERT) by combining different parallel blocks of the single-layer deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) having different kernel sizes and filters with the BERT. Such a combination is useful to handle ambiguity, which is the greatest challenge to natural language understanding. Classification results demonstrate that our proposed model (FakeBERT) outperforms the existing models with an accuracy of 98.90%.

Противодействие распространению религиозного экстремизма в современном обществе (на примере Федерального списка экстремистских материалов)

The article highlights the problems of countering religious extremism in Russia based on the results of the analysis of publications in the Federal List of Extremist Materials, which includes about 5 000 publications both in traditional print media and electronic materials posted on the Internet. The authors have analyzed editions covering religious issues from the viewpoint of lawfulness of recognizing them to be extremist ones. Main methods of studying religious materials to detect signs of extremism have been presented. The authors have identified the specificity of placing and distributing extremist religious information on the Internet, which is a source of spreading destructive ideas, ideologies, as well as a means of communication for extremist organizations. The paper briefly describes the activity of libraries working with the Federal List of Extremist Materials. Libraries receiving, storing and making literature available for public use should constantly analyze the information posted in the Federal List of Extremist Materials, and take appropriate measures to store and provide readers with documents of this kind in compliance with certain rules or to withdraw such materials from library collections. Thus, a library as a social institution counteracts the spread of extremist materials and, consequently, religious extremism in the society.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ЦИВІЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЇ ОХОРОНИ ТА ЗАХИСТУ ДІЛОВОЇ РЕПУТАЦІЇ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ ОСОБИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article considers topical issues related to civil law protection and protection of the business reputation of a legal entity in Ukraine. The right to business reputation belongs to a special group of civil relations, which requires scientific study and analysis, given that there is still no legislative enshrinement of the concept of business reputation of a legal entity in the Civil Code of Ukraine. And in the time of constant socio-economic development, the relevance of the definition and legal regulation of civil relations in the field of business reputation of legal entities is significant and important because business reputation is a certain assessment of the legal entity, based on conclusions about business qualities and moral personality, which are closely related to the activities of the business entity and their compliance with the requirements of the law and the proper performance of contractual obligations to partners. The purpose of the article is to analyze, compare and study the foreign experience of the European Union to determine the optimal concept of business reputation, and provide suggestions on how to solve existing problems of protection of business reputation in violation of the Internet in our country. During the study of the issue, the basic concepts of business reputation contained in the regulations of Ukraine were analyzed. It is established that the civil legislation does not contain a definition of the term «business reputation of a legal entity», which in turn complicates the process of legal protection and protection of the business reputation of business entities. Equally important is the issue of protection against damage to business reputation on the Internet, which now affects almost every aspect of modern society. Protecting business reputation on the Internet is significantly complicated by the lag in the development of Ukrainian legislation from the realities of information technology development. If there are more or less clear ways to protect the infringed personal non-property right in traditional print media, television, then there is virtually no special regulation of relations and protection of the law on the Internet. In conclusion, we note that at the legislative level, namely in the Civil Code of Ukraine there is no legal regulation of protection and protection against violations of the business reputation of legal entities on the Internet. The problem of implementing the mechanism of protection of business reputation of a legal entity in the courts of Ukraine is relevant and unresolved and as a result requires further scientific study.

Investor Sentiment, Media and Stock Returns: The Advancement of Social Media

Recent research in behavioural finance has shown the importance of investor sentiment to explain stock market returns. In light of the changes in the media scene from traditional print media towards social media platforms over the past decade, this paper analyses and compares the effect of sentiment indices obtained from different media sources in their ability to explain stock market movements. Using a large set of articles and reader comments covering the time from 2006 to 2020, we show that social media is better in capturing investor sentiment than traditional media outlets. The results of the paper highlight the importance of alternative media sources to understand market behaviour.

CONTEMPORARY MEDIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: STATUS AND CHALLENGES IN THE COVERAGE OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS (1990-2010)

The article contains up-to-date information on the history of the formation of the media market covering inter-ethnic relations in Kyrgyzstan. During the period of recent history, an information field has been formed in the republic, which has a clear position in the submission of information for its key audience. The media around the world play a key important role in stabilizing inter-ethnic relations in a multi-ethnic state, Kyrgyzstan is no exception. Kyrgyzstan allows representatives of ethnic groups currently residing in the Republic to have access to information in their mother tongue. Along with traditional print media, television and radio stations, Internet publications, news agencies, social media pages and messengers are actively pursuing information policy. In addition to domestic Kyrgyz-language media, the media broadcasting in Russian, Uzbek, Kazakh, Chinese, Turkish, Korean, Dungan are actively working in the republic. Each of them is a local or foreign mass media funded from abroad. All these forms of broadcasting and coverage of the political, economic and socio-cultural life of the republic form public opinion both at home and abroad.

Sexual Violence in the Media: An Exploration of Traditional Print Media Reporting in the United States, 2014-2017.

Sexual violence is prevalent and, for many victims, begins early in life (1). In the United States, one in five women and one in 38 men report completed or attempted rape victimization during their lifetime, with 43.2% of female and 51.3% of male victims reporting that their first rape victimization occurred before age 18 years (1). Media have been shown to act as a socializing agent for a range of health and social behaviors (2). Media portrayals might influence, reinforce, or modify how the public responds to incidents of sexual violence and their support for prevention efforts and media might construct a lens through which the public can understand who is affected by sexual violence, what forms it takes, why it happens, and who is responsible for addressing it (3). Media portrayals of sexual violence were assessed using a systematic random sample of newspaper articles from 48 of the top 50 distributed traditional print media outlets that were examined for sexual violence content and potential differences by geographic region and year of publication. Differences by year and region in type of sexual violence covered, media language used, and outcomes reported were identified, highlighting an opportunity for public health officials, practitioners, and journalists to frame sexual violence as a preventable public health issue and to incorporate best practices from CDC and the National Sexual Violence Resource Center's Sexual Violence Media Guide (4).

Çoklu okuryazarlık sistemini benimseyen İngilizce öğretmenlerinin başarı ve mücadeleleri

The literacy growing beyond the traditional print medium has led to the new understandings, practices and pedagogies. New London Group (1996) called these practices ‘‘multiliteracies’’ which refers to the way of combining local diversity and global connectedness together to teach through multiple forms of communicative technologies. By using technoliteracies and multimodalities, the genuine interaction is boosted for the purpose of raising socially, culturally and historically aware students. Teaching English, henceforth, is gaining importance at an unprecedented speed as it is neither spoken by only a minority nor does it belong to a single community. With respect to this, English teachers must have the necessary skills in terms of teaching cultural and linguistic diversities besides the ability to benefit from and utilize technology adequately. This research article investigates the ways to better understand the experiences of Turkish teachers who adopt multiliteracies framework in their classrooms implementing its goals. Qualitative research design was implemented to get credible results from practices of the participants. First, an open ended-questionnaire (Boche, 2014) was applied to 14 English teachers regarding their use of technology in their classrooms. The teachers were then categorized based on their answers into two groups. Secondly, the teachers who used multiliteracies framework in their classrooms were interviewed in depth about whether they teach cultural and linguistic diversities in their classrooms. The results were analyzed in a detailed way pointing to the successes and struggles with the integration of multiliteracies into the classroom in order to better inform English teachers with their practices

Augmenting Printed School Atlases with Thematic 3D Maps

Abstract. Digitalization in schools requires a rethinking of teaching materials and methods in all subjects. This upheaval also concerns traditional print media, like school atlases used in geography classes. In this work, we examine the cartographic technological feasibility of extending a printed school atlas with digital content by augmented reality (AR). While previous research rather focused on topographic three-dimensional (3D) maps, our prototypical application for Android tablets complements map sheets of the Swiss World Atlas with thematically related data. We follow a natural marker approach using the AR engine Vuforia and the game engine Unity. We compare two workflows to insert geo-data, being correctly aligned with the map images, into the game engine. Next, the imported data are transformed into partly animated 3D visualizations, such as a dot distribution map, curved lines, pie chart billboards, stacked cuboids, extruded bars, and polygons. Additionally, we implemented legends, elements for temporal and thematic navigation, a screen capture function, and a touch-based feature query for the user interface. We evaluated our prototype in a usability experiment, which showed that secondary school students are as effective, interested, and sustainable with printed as with augmented maps when solving geographic tasks.Details and results of our work are published in this article: https://doi.org/10.3390/mti4020023 1. In this presentation, we will give an overview about the key findings and lessons learnt from the research project. 1 Schnürer, R., Dind, C., Schalcher, S., Tschudi, P., and Hurni, L.: Augmenting Printed School Atlases with Thematic 3D Maps, Multimodal Technologies Interact., 2020, 4, 23

“NARODNE NOVINE”: GENRE, THEMATIC AND VISUAL TRANSFORMATION 1949-2019

The importance of local media is indisputable for media theorists and media practitioners, despite the widespread globalization. Although electronic media has the largest audience, while online media is constantly expanding, the traditional print media is still surviving and they influence the political and social life of local communities. “Narodne novine” [English: The People’s Newspaper] are a daily news and political newspaper with the longest publication time in south-eastern Serbia. By using the quantitative and qualitative content analysis, as well as the comparative and synthetic research method, the authors investigate how this newspaper has transformed in relation to genre, and in thematic and visual terms during the two socially and historically different periods - in the socialist and transitional period. The research corpus consists of 63 articles from two editions of “Narodne novine” – the newspapers published on May 1st 1949 (28 articles) and 70 years later, on May 1st 2019 (35 articles).

Social media in academics and research: 21st‐century tools to turbocharge education, collaboration, and dissemination of research findings

The near-ubiquitous use of smartphones and the rapid emergence of free, widely used, social media platforms have combined to turbocharge the dissemination of information at a scale and speed that would have been unimaginable just a few years ago. Increasingly, internet-savvy pathologists of all ages from every corner of the world are flipping the paradigm of traditional academia by posting educational content online free of charge, unencumbered by the limitations of traditional print media and educational conferences. These platforms are being used in innovative ways, not just to disseminate research findings, but also to create new knowledge through using them to empower research collaborations. In this review, we outline ways in which social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, are being used by pathologists to enhance academic work and facilitate the dissemination of research. We outline key differences between the various platforms with respect to pathology academics and research, and describe key areas in which these platforms have already made an impact. These include rapid dissemination of research findings to a worldwide audience, live transnational discussion of journal articles and conference proceedings, intercontinental networking between pathologists for academic purposes, free education on a global scale at minimal or no cost, and research collaborations initiated on and facilitated by social media platforms. Finally, we provide practical tips for pathologists who wish to adopt these novel 21st-century technologies to enhance their academic endeavours.

Automated Page Turner for Musicians.

An increasing number of musicians are opting to use tablet devices instead of traditional print media for their music sheets since the digital medium offers the benefit of storing a lot of music in a compact space. The limited screen size of the tablet devices makes the music difficult to read and musicians often opt to display part of the music page at a time. With fewer music lines on display, the musician will then have to resort to scrolling through the music to read the entire score. This scrolling is annoying since the musicians will need to remove their hands from the instrument to interact with the tablet, causing a break in the music if this is not done quickly enough, or if the tablet is not sufficiently responsive. In this paper, we describe an alternative page turning system which automates the page turning event of the musician. By actively monitoring the musician's on-screen point of regard, the system retains the musician in the loop and thus, the page turns are attuned to the musician's position on the score. By analysing the way the musician's gaze changes between attention to the score and the instrument as well as the way musicians fixate on different parts of the score, we note that musicians often look away from the score and toward their hands, or elsewhere, when playing the instrument. As a result, the eye regions fall outside the field-of-view of the eye-gaze tracker, giving rise to erratic page-turns. To counteract this problem, we create a gaze prediction model that uses Kalman filtering to predict where the musician would be looking on the score. We evaluate our hands-free page turning system using 15 different piano songs containing different levels of difficulty, various repeats, and which also required playing in different registers on the piano, thus, evaluating the applicability of the page-turner under different conditions. Performance of the page-turner was quantified through the number of correct page turns, the number of delayed page turns, and the number of mistaken page turns. Of the 289 page turns involved in the experiment, 98.3% were successfully executed, 1.7% were delayed, while no mistaken page turns were observed.

Instagram Advertisements Favor the Left Cheek.

The growth of social media has catalyzed a shift in marketing expenditure away from traditional print media. As Instagram posts featuring left cheek poses gain more "likes" than right cheek poses, advertisers and social media influencers would likely benefit from favoring the left cheek. While previous investigations of posing biases in print advertising present a conflicting picture, research has yet to investigate posing biases in Instagram advertisements. Given that left cheek images garner more "likes" than right cheek images, we hypothesized a left cheek bias for Instagram advertisements. Two thousand posts (F = M) were sourced by searching Instagram's "Most Recent" feed using the #ad, and coded for pose orientation, image type, and model gender. As predicted, Instagram advertisements showed a left cheek bias (59.8 percent) that was evident across genders and image types, being stronger for female than male models, and for full body than head and torso poses. As such, these data indicate that the left cheek bias that characterizes painted and photographic portraits extends to paid Instagram promotions. The difference in bias from previous investigations of posing orientation in print media advertisements may reflect the importance of emotion in driving attentional capture in social media's highly competitive and content-overloaded landscape.

Augmenting Printed School Atlases with Thematic 3D Maps

Digitalization in schools requires a rethinking of teaching materials and methods in all subjects. This upheaval also concerns traditional print media, like school atlases used in geography classes. In this work, we examine the cartographic technological feasibility of extending a printed school atlas with digital content by augmented reality (AR). While previous research rather focused on topographic three-dimensional (3D) maps, our prototypical application for Android tablets complements map sheets of the Swiss World Atlas with thematically related data. We follow a natural marker approach using the AR engine Vuforia and the game engine Unity. We compare two workflows to insert geo-data, being correctly aligned with the map images, into the game engine. Next, the imported data are transformed into partly animated 3D visualizations, such as a dot distribution map, curved lines, pie chart billboards, stacked cuboids, extruded bars, and polygons. Additionally, we implemented legends, elements for temporal and thematic navigation, a screen capture function, and a touch-based feature query for the user interface. We evaluated our prototype in a usability experiment, which showed that secondary school students are as effective, interested, and sustainable with printed as with augmented maps when solving geographic tasks.

Not Seen and Not Heard? The Representation of Young Women and Their Political Interests in the Traditional Print Public Sphere

A number of marginalized groups, including women and young people face multiple disadvantages in the traditional print media public sphere. As an inherently political space, young women’s position within the public sphere has implications for their wider role in politics and society. However, few studies analyze this specific intersection of youth and gender empirically. Using recent original data, this article analyzes how young women and their interests are represented in the traditional media public sphere. It uses the lens of political claims analysis, a method that collects data on strategic interventions that express a political opinion either verbal or nonverbal, by collective actors in the public sphere, in addition to the thematic content analysis of the coded claims. This is an exploratory analysis of original political claims data and news content gathered from a range of newspapers across nine European countries from the period 2010 to 2016. It finds that the main qualities of representation confirm patterns within existing literature, with a centrality of young women’s bodies within our sample, and a low level of agency or “active” role for young women within claims relating to their own interest. Furthermore, we empirically confirm trends which offer examples of more progressive representations of young women and their interests, including the significance of civil society actors in promoting the rights of young women and the theme of gender (in)equality in professional life, which enables space for a greater level of agency for young women than most other debates.

Media populism in Macedonia: Right-wing populist style in the coverage of the “migrant crisis”

The communicative style used to exclude immigrants from the idea of “the people” is the scope through which right-wing media populism is measured in a case study of Macedonia, a post-communist country on the Balkan migrant route. Quantitative content analysis of articles from four Macedonian right-wing partisan news outlets N = 409, demonstrates a clear change in tone in coverage of migration, marked by an increase of populism as the “migrant crisis” intensified. Logistic regression confirms that incivility, as a proxy for the intensity of partisan bias, is a significant predictor of populism, and opinion pieces have a significantly stronger populist tendency than news reports. The findings show that online news outlets, however, are not more populist than traditional print media.

YURTTAŞ GAZETECİLİĞİ- FIRSATLAR VE ZORLUKLAR

This article deals with the phenomenon of citizen journalism from a critical perspective. Citizen journalism is also known as grassroots or participatory journalism. It has become more widespread, especially with digital development. The internet and social media allow every user as a member of civil society to participate in the social discourse. The citizen journalism also reaches its audience on podcasts, on homepages or by participating in video platforms such as YouTube.This development goes hand in hand with the credibility crisis of the established media. Traditional print media, in particular, are struggling to survive and the monopoly position of professional journalism has finally been lost.In this paper, the influence of citizen journalism on democratic processes will be examined and it will be asked whether a general evaluation of participatory communication models is possible at all. Therefore, different forms of medial participation are examined and some examples of its abuse are discussed. This study is particularly interested in the grey areas that exist between professional media work and participatory citizen journalism. Based on Jürgen Habermas' deliberative model of democracy, the question is asked whether this developement democratizes the public discourse and whether a clear distinction can be made between established and participatory news or between professional and lay journalism. Finally, this research also evaluates how the governments and the law react to these new developments and what potential consequences citizen journalism could bring.