Traditional Neighborhood Research Articles

SaCHBA_PDN: Modified honey badger algorithm with multi-strategy for UAV path planning

The honey badger algorithm (HBA) is a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm that simulates the foraging behavior of honey badgers. Since the algorithm is prone to premature convergence when solving complex optimization problems. To improve the overall optimization performance of the basic HBA, this paper develops a modified HBA named SaCHBA_PDN based on the Bernoulli shift map, piecewise optimal decreasing neighborhood, and horizontal crossing with strategy adaptation and applies it to solve the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) path planning problem. Firstly, the Bernoulli shift map is invoked to the HBA algorithm to change its initialization process, thus increasing the diversity of the population and speeding up the convergence speed. Secondly, a new piecewise optimal decreasing neighborhood strategy (PODNS) is proposed to address the shortcomings of unbalanced convergence of the traditional optimal neighborhood strategy. The proposed PODNS increases the optimization efficiency of HBA and enhances the local search ability to avoid falling into the local optimum. Finally, a novel horizontal crossing with strategy adaptation is introduced to balance exploration and exploitation and enhance the global optimization ability. These strategies collaborate to enhance HBA in accelerating overall performance. The superiority of SaCHBA_PDN is comprehensively verified by comparing it with the original HBA and numerous celebrated and newly developed algorithms on the well-known 23 classical benchmark functions and IEEE CEC2017 test suite, respectively. Experimental results show that SaCHBA_PDN has a better performance than other optimization algorithms. Furthermore, SaCHBA_PDN is used to solve a UAV path planning problem based on the threat source model and applied to circular and irregular obstacle scenarios as well as two-dimensional grid maps. Simulation results show that SaCHBA_PDN can obtain more feasible and efficient paths in different obstacle environments.

Prioritizing Neighbourhood Amenities to Enhance Neighbourhood Satisfaction: A Case Study in Wuhan, China.

In China, the improvement in amenities has been often criticized for not addressing the priorities of residents' demand due to over-standardised, top-down practices and the misallocation of resources. Previous studies have investigated how people's wellbeing or quality of life is associated with neighbourhood attributes. However, very few have researched how identifying and prioritizing the improvement in neighbourhood amenities could significantly enhance neighbourhood satisfaction. Therefore, this paper investigated the residents' perception on the neighbourhood amenities in Wuhan, China, and explored the application of the Kano-IPA model for prioritizing the improvement in amenities in both commodity-housing and traditional danwei neighbourhoods. Firstly, total 5100 valid questionnaires were distributed through street face-to-face surveying to solicit the residents' perceptions of the usage and satisfaction of amenities in different neighbourhoods. Then, various statistical techniques, including descriptive, logistical regression modelling were adopted to analyse the general characteristics and significant associations of amenities' usage and demand. Lastly, an age-friendly strategy for the improvement in amenities in old neighbourhoods was proposed by referring to the widely applied Kano-IPA marketing model. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the usage frequency of amenities among different neighbourhoods. However, significant differences of associations between residents' perception on amenities and neighbourhood satisfaction were identified among different groups of residents. To demonstrate prioritizing neighbourhood amenities in double-aging neighbourhoods, basic, excitement, and performance factors fitting age-friendly scenarios were determined and categorized. This research can provide a reference for allocating financial budgets and determining schedules to improve neighbourhood amenities. It also showcased the variances of residents' demands and the provision of public goods among different neighbourhoods in urban China. Similar studies can be expected in addressing different scenarios that challenges emerged, such as suburban or resettled neighbourhoods where low-income residents generally live.

Urban Changes in the Traditional Residential Neighborhood Case: The Bab El-Louz neighborhood in Bejaia

Bejaia, as many Algerian cities, has undergone profound economic, social, political and urbanistic changes, but is today in a state of anarchy in total abstraction with the urban architectural heritage. In the heart of its center, the district of Bab El-Louz is considered as one of the oldest and most important districts of the city of Bejaia due to its strategic position, the residential character par excellence and its traditional architecture. In recent years, the neighborhood of Bab El-Louz is subject to remarkable changes in its residential space, changes that are made in an informal and unplanned manner, based on individual initiatives to meet the needs of the current situation. These transformations are becoming more and more significant from one day to the next, which has led to a real mutation of the Bab Elouz district, which is spatial, social and functional and which needs to be studied and analyzed. The purpose of this research is to show the consequences of mutation on the basis of architectural and urban transformations and mutations of the residential space of the Bab El-Louz district which threaten the survival of a historical heritage and the future of this district.

Learning Graph Representations With Maximal Cliques.

Non-Euclidean property of graph structures has faced interesting challenges when deep learning methods are applied. Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) can be regarded as one of the successful approaches to classification tasks on graph data, although the structure of this approach limits its performance. In this work, a novel representation learning approach is introduced based on spectral convolutions on graph-structured data in a semisupervised learning setting. Our proposed method, COnvOlving cLiques (COOL), is constructed as a neighborhood aggregation approach for learning node representations using established GCN architectures. This approach relies on aggregating local information by finding maximal cliques. Unlike the existing graph neural networks which follow a traditional neighborhood averaging scheme, COOL allows for aggregation of densely connected neighboring nodes of potentially differing locality. This leads to substantial improvements on multiple transductive node classification tasks.

The effects of charter schools on neighborhood and school segregation: Evidence from New York City

ABSTRACT This paper estimates the effect of charter schools on the diversity of nearby traditional public schools (TPSs) and neighborhoods in New York City. We employ a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the variation in the expansion of the charter sector between grades in the same school. This approach allows us to isolate the effect of charter schools from other neighborhood demographic changes. Our results show small positive effects of charter school expansion on TPS diversity as measured by the entropy score. This change is explained by small increases in the number of White students attending nearby TPSs and larger reductions in the number of Black and Hispanic students in these schools. We also find descriptive evidence that while both neighborhoods and TPSs are slightly more diverse following charter school expansion, schools are changing faster than their surrounding neighborhoods.

Abstract A048: Pandemic effects on social capital and loneliness in residents and non-residents of Chinese immigrant enclaves in Philadelphia

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected cancer prevention behaviors and cancer care. Social capital is also thought to affect cancer prevention and care, with some observed improvements in well being and survival among cancer patients. Residents of immigrant enclaves are thought to have more social capital than non-residents, potentially buffering against negative effects of the pandemic. We compared residents and non-residents of Chinese immigrant enclaves in Philadelphia with respect to their social capital and loneliness and change in these factors from before to during the pandemic. Participants were 520 Chinese immigrant men and women aged 35-65 y. Baseline interviews conducted 9/18-01/20 included questions on residence and demographics, structural and cognitive social capital (short version of the Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool (SASCAT)), and a validated 3-item loneliness scale. The SASCAT includes questions on membership in neighborhood groups, receiving support from specific individuals (e.g., family, neighbors, friends), and cognitive social capital representing perceived levels of trust and belonging in the neighborhood. In May-July 2020, 419 participants completed a follow-up interview that included the SASCAT and loneliness scales. Participants were categorized as residing in a traditional, emerging, or non-enclave neighborhood depending on the ethnic density of their census tract and adjacent tracts. At baseline there were no significant differences in social capital or loneliness across neighborhood types. During the pandemic, participants regardless of neighborhood type reported declines in group membership (18% baseline vs. 11% pandemic) and loneliness (25% vs. 12%), and increases in cognitive social capital (85% vs. 99%) and receiving support from individuals (35% vs. 69%) (all p<0.001). However, extent of change differed by neighborhood, resulting in significantly less loneliness among residents of traditional enclaves (5%) than in emerging (14%) and non-enclave (16%) residents (p=0.02) during the pandemic. Multivariate analyses using generalized estimating equation models indicated that residents of traditional enclaves experienced a larger decrease in loneliness than other participants (interaction p=0.009), and that residents of traditional and emerging enclaves experienced a larger increase in cognitive social capital than residents of non-enclaves (interaction p=0.03). Our findings provide evidence that while the pandemic may have effected declines in group membership in this sample of Chinese immigrants, it was associated with increases in other forms of social capital and with a decrease in loneliness, particularly among enclave residents. These findings suggest the importance of clarifying how social capital derived from interacting within an immigrant enclave might be leveraged to counter the effects of a community stressor such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and used towards positive cancer outcomes in these communities. Citation Format: Marilyn Tseng, Brian Egleston, Julia Zhong, Minzi Li, Carolyn Fang. Pandemic effects on social capital and loneliness in residents and non-residents of Chinese immigrant enclaves in Philadelphia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A048.

Abstract A013: Patterns of heterolocalism among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia

Abstract Residence in an immigrant enclave has been linked to lower risk for some cancers but higher risk of late-stage diagnosis. In part, these patterns may be explained by the cultural, institutional, and social resources in immigrant enclaves that protect against ill health. Modern communication and transportation can facilitate “exposure” to immigrant enclaves as resource hubs, while individuals may reside in more racially integrated neighborhoods. This process of heterolocalism is underexplored in its relationship to cancer risk. The current study compares residents and non-residents of Chinese immigrant enclaves in Philadelphia with respect to distances traveled for various activities. Participants were 520 Chinese immigrant men and women aged 35-65 y. Interviews conducted 9/18-01/20 included questions on residence and usual locations of five types of activities: employment, grocery shopping, religious services, healthcare, and leisure. Participants were categorized as residing in a traditional (n=167), emerging (n=202), or non-enclave (n=151) neighborhood depending on the co-ethnic density of their census tract and adjacent tracts. We used ArcGIS to geocode participants’ residences and activity locations and conducted spatial analyses to examine distances traveled to these activities. Results indicated that residents of traditional enclaves stayed within or near their residential neighborhoods for grocery shopping, religious services, and leisure activities (median distances all <1 mi), although they traveled further for employment (median 2.5 mi) and healthcare (median 1.9 mi). Based on non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests, traditional enclave residents traveled the shortest median distances to all activities (all p<0.001). In contrast, non-enclave residents traveled the furthest for groceries (median 2.9 mi), religious services (median 8.2 mi), and leisure (median 3.2 mi) (all p<0.001). Mapped travel patterns indicate that many non-enclave residents travelled to enclave areas for these activities. Our findings suggest that heterolocalism is a means by which immigrants maintain co-ethnic connections. They also suggest the importance of understanding enclave ‘exposure’ beyond place of residence to clarify the relationships between immigrant enclaves and cancer outcomes. Citation Format: Ella Batterson, Marilyn Tseng, Emily C. Walton, Brian Egleston, Julia Zhong, Minzi Li, Carolyn Fang. Patterns of heterolocalism among Chinese immigrants in Philadelphia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A013.

Contradictions of indigenous cognition and heritage evaluation under political transformations in a working-class community in Tianjin, China

Over the past few decades, China has undergone thorough reforms. Changes triggered by deindustrialization, market orientation, and land utilization have led to the demolition, replacement, and regeneration of traditional industrial neighborhoods in urban centers. Meanwhile, the indigenous residents, who used to be members of the working class in the Danwei era, have lost the protection of state-owned enterprises, or “Danwei”, and suffered from social disparity, displacement, identity loss, and trauma amid the socialist deindustrialization process. As a socialist country dedicated to regulating overcapitalization and social polarization, neoliberal China has been committed to exploring moderate social transformation strategies in the process of deindustrialization in recent years. In the given example of Tianjin's Mian 3 (an urban regeneration project of an old textile industrial community), both qualitative and quantitative analyses are employed to evaluate the cognitive complexities of residents' needs and place attachment in relation to heritage evaluation. The results from these analyses are further used to examine the problems in the redevelopment of industrial heritage communities and the social expression of the working class. The research shows that the cognitive complexity of the working class should be included in the social value of industrial heritage protection and given more importance in the process of coordinating the development of industrial heritage and its surroundings. In the context of ongoing deindustrialization and urban redevelopment of industrial heritage communities in China and the rest of the world, this study provides theoretical support and data for understanding working-class residents and building sustainable and caring heritage communities.

Barrio Tradicional de La Isleta de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: transformaciones sociales, arquitectónicas y urbanas en acto. Análisis y posibles vías a seguir

With this work we want to highlight the problems that today mostly affect the property heritage and the social fabric of the Traditional Neighborhood of the Isleta de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. In this sense, as soon as it describes a process that in this context results in a strong increase, one of the terms that supports this research is gentrification. For this purpose, the rise in rental costs and what are the factors that are causing this phenomenon will be examined. Particular attention will be reserved for Vacation Homes, the inconveniences it is causing and the illicit acts that many of them are committing. Work that will even deal with issues related to mobility and the high number of vehicles that are harming the habitability and image of the original grid. Analysis that will end with the formulation of possible paths to follow that, if carried out correctly, would entail certain requalifications.

“Micro-regeneration”: Toward small-scale, heritage-oriented, and participatory redevelopment in China

ABSTRACT An extensive body of literature documents large-scale property-led redevelopment in the world and in China. However, in recent years China has seen the policy shift toward small-scale redevelopment, heritage preservation, and public participation in the regeneration process. Using the pilot project of “micro-regeneration” (weigaizao) in Guangzhou, this paper critically examines these aspects of change. We find that such a policy shift is attributed to increasing social contestations generated by large-scale redevelopment. The state uses heritage preservation to develop creative and cultural industries, which transforms the traditional neighborhood into a commercial and tourist quarter. The policy also encourages participation in urban redevelopment. However, residents still have limited influence over the course of redevelopment. The paper argues that micro-regeneration is a practice of worlding cities in the Chinese institutional context, involving the state dealing with the problems of redevelopment through new governance approaches.

The Changing Status of Stray Animals in the Context of Urbanization

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ve gelişmiş ülkelerde sokak hayvanlarının kentleşme bağlamında değişen statüsünün incelenmesidir. Tarihsel süreç içinde bakıldığında insan ve hayvan arasındaki ilişkiyi belirleyen en önemli dönüm noktaları olarak Neolitik devirde bazı hayvan türlerinin evcilleştirilmesi ve sanayi devrimi sonrasında başlayan kentleşme ile modern kentlerin kuruluşu gösterilebilir. Hayvanın evcilleştirilmesi hayvanı insana bağımlı hale getirmiş ve hayvan insan tarafından insan yerleşimlerine sokulmuştur. Sanayi Devrimi sonrasında ortaya çıkan kentleşme ise, bazı vahşi hayvan türlerinin yok olmasına neden olduğu gibi aynı zamanda sokak hayvanlarının yaşamlarını sürdürebilecekleri alanların yok edilmesine ve hayvanların kentlerden dışlanmasına neden olmuştur. Batı toplumuna bakıldığında 18. yüzyıldan başlayarak özellikle 19. yüzyılda sağlık ve hijyen konusunda tehdit oluşturduğu anlayışı ile sokak hayvanlarının varlığı kentlerden genel olarak öldürülmeleri yoluyla yok edilmiştir. Türk toplumunda ise genel olarak 19. yüzyıla kadar sokak hayvanları kentin bir sakini olarak kabul edilmiştir. Ancak 19. yüzyılla birlikte kentleşmenin, Batı ile temasların artmaya ve geleneksel mahalle dokusunun bozulmaya başlaması ile sokak hayvanları ile kurulan ilişkiler değişmiş, sokak hayvanları kentte fazlalık durumuna gelmiştir. Bu nedenlerle 19. yüzyıldan itibaren 20. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar başta köpekler olmak üzere sokak hayvanlarının öncelikle İstanbul olmak üzere kentlerden silinmesi için öldürülmeleri yoluyla müdahaleler yapılmıştır. Günümüzde de hâlâ sokak hayvanları modern kentlerde tehdit olarak görülmekte bu doğrultuda alenen öldürülmeseler de toplanmakta, kent dışına atılmakta ya da çok sağlıksız koşullarda barınaklara hapsedilmektedirler. Çalışma literatür araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda konu ile ilgili daha önce yapılmış akademik çalışmalar, basın haberleri, hukuki mevzuat, sokak hayvanlarına yardım amaçlı kuruluşların internet sayfaları ve konu ile ilgili yayınlanmış eserler taranarak incelenmiş, elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda sokak hayvanlarının değişen statüsü kentleşme bağlamında belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Understanding the Dynamic Creative Clustering in the Phra Athit Road Area of Bangkok

This article examines changes along Phra Athit Road in Rattanakosin's historic center. With the support of the state, a former commercial street became a "cultural quarter" and eventually a "cultural-creative cluster," with creative activities infiltrating the neighborhoods. For this study, the researcher conducted a field survey and interviewed creative entrepreneurs in four sub-districts. The Phra Athit Road social and cultural resources reflect the qualities or potential resources of traditional neighbourhoods that have fostered the development of creative clusters. "Urban culture” is one of the district's key cultural resources that is properly understood and utilized, and its complex network of creative people is a crucial social resource. These creative people are “outsiders” with strong relationships to “insiders”; some of them advocate a new way of living, while others comprise groups of intellectuals with creative economy talents and tasks. Cultural-creative clusters comprise more than people; they are typified by cafés and bars, exhibition spaces, and the production of creative products. These clusters may vary from one another in function and location, and newer clusters, less dense than the original, are less harmful to traditional communities and businesses. What they have in common is that they have enabled participants to gain real-life experiences and join distinctive activities customized by entrepreneurs. Still, those who use external resources to create goods and develop a creative cluster may endanger the very neighbourhoods where they take root.
 The Phra Athit Road area provides a deep understanding of "creative clustering," which refers to a dynamic process that has taken place in some traditional neighbourhoods, based on the positive exploitation of their rich traditional, artistic, and cultural resources. Entrepreneurs are producing unique products that fit into complex systems, which is good for the area, but may also disrupt established patterns in the community. Transforming the historic area gradually could help locals adjust to the change. This study proposes the following approaches to promote both the protection of traditional structures and the acceptance of change: (1) The design or planning of the area should allow for development that is consistent with the rhythm of life in the area. Proper pacing of changes and the growth of well-sized creative clusters create an ecosystem that is good for both the residents and creative entrepreneurs. (2) The neighbourhood’s values should be enhanced by integrating local and external resources. The wide range of creative production and consumption activities that are created from these resources will be unique and endlessly adaptable. (3) The adaptability of cultural-creative clusters should be optimized through programs provide good services and offer support to the urban regeneration. However, such programs and support should not limit the creativity and flexibility of these clusters.

City building knowledge from neighbourhoods in Asia Pacific

AbstractNeighbourhoods are places of social encounters on a daily basis, but they are getting insufficient attention from policy makers and urban studies in conceptualising the city. While the city is often the unit of analysis and boundaries of data collection, social constructions of the city are mostly from neighbourhoods. By shifting the analysis to the neighbourhood scale, we are moving scholarship and research on two fronts. First, we need to think about city building knowledge at a pedagogical and methodological level. Second, we want to examine processes and amenity creation at the neighbourhood scale and make visible the ways these add to city politics, economy, and culture. Articles in this special issue contribute to urban scholarship in the following ways: (i) neighbourhood as a method of urban studies; (ii) understanding urban politics and government; (iii) the role of urban informality and small businesses; and (iv) the role of traditional neighbourhood institutions in the social life of the city. Neighbourhoods can be poorly resourced and inward‐looking, but in many cases localised interests, relationships and organisations are capable of collective action, networking beyond their localities, and inspiring its residents with aspirations of the city's future directions.

Social Spaces and Agenda: A Review of Traditional and New Generation Coffeehouses

Spaces that have the identity of public spaces function as mechanisms of meaning production. Under the study, the differences between spaces for producing meaning and the role of the media in the production of meaning to the extent of the relationships of space users with media are examined through the example of traditional coffee shops and Starbucks as an example of modern coffee shops in Turkey. The main purpose of this study is to determine the distinctive structure of the two public spaces, the demographic characteristics of the people who prefer these two spaces, and the differences in their relations with the media. In this context, the study was carried out on the coffeehouses and new generation of coffee shops in Kayseri Province in order to understand the two different public spaces, and the relations of the people in this area with the media and the extent to which the media determines the agenda of the people belonging to two
 different places and the basic differences.
 Traditional coffeehouses, which emerged as events that have changed or resisted to a certain extent modern life in the triangle of space, human and communication technologies, and Starbucks-style shops, which are among the meeting spaces of modern life, constitute the examination step of this research in terms of understanding and interpreting the social environments. The other dimensions of the study consist of the people who spend time in two different places and the messages they receive from their communication tools and of examining their differences occurred in terms of effects. In this context, the method of observation and semi- structured interview technique was used in the study carried out to understand the communication technologies and media relations of the people who spend their time in the relatively traditional neighborhood coffeehouses and Starbucks, which represent the modernity and is located in the
 more active points of the city. The results of the research show that both public spaces have an effective position as a tool to determine public agenda as media differentiates according to the space in the using form of social media and traditional media, while the demographic characteristics of the people have decisive features to choose coffeehouses and new generation of coffee shops.

Constructing Common Meeting Places: A Strategy for Mitigating the Social Isolation of Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods?

Community planning has undergone changes in direction over time, from a traditional neighbourhood approach seeking to ensure well-functioning local communities to a newer focus on the feasibility of neighbourhood-based urban renewal for combating segregation. The latter initially concentrated on the internal social relations of disadvantaged neighbourhoods, but nowadays the focus for interventions is changing towards opening up such neighbourhoods to improve their external relations with more affluent surrounding districts. This article unfolds the visions related to a new urban planning strategy for constructing common meeting places inside disadvantaged neighbourhoods, which seem closely related to the political discourses about the need for opening these neighbourhoods up. Specifically, the article scrutinises the visions for two meeting places currently being constructed in two Danish neighbourhoods characterised as disadvantaged, and it examines which problems these meeting places seek to solve and how they are intended to provide for publicness. The study reveals that, despite being part of the same strategic funding programme and having similar problem framings, it is claimed that the two future meeting places will provide for publicness in distinct and context-specific ways. Furthermore, we show that the way problem representations entangled in specific political discourses are being manifested in specific local planning strategies may have contingent, yet potentially pervasive social and physical consequences for local neighbourhoods.

Two New Traditional Neighborhoods for the Town of Rozzano, Milan

A town of 42,000 inhabitants in the agricultural belt on the south side of Milan, Rozzano was developed in the 1960s and 1970s on the Soviet suburban model to house migrant workers from the south. The stock of modular cement high-rises is now deteriorating rapidly and will not be restored or replaced with similar buildings. The town council intends to replace this fabric with one that is more livable, following the principles of New Urbanism. Two projects are being developed for new mixed-use, walkable neighborhoods on municipal sites. The projects will become part of the town’s Development Plan and the sites will be offered to developers who are to build the new quarters as designed. The results will serve as examples of how to renew Rozzano – using traditional local building models of urban, rural, and agricultural architecture. The initiative is a chance to create a ground-breaking example of suburban sprawl repair.

Outdoor ventilation evaluation and optimization based on spatial morphology analysis in Macau

Owing to Macau's high urban development intensity, outdoor ventilation is important to enhance human comfort. In this study, four morphological indices as frontal area index (FAI), site coverage (SC), building height (BH) and floor area ratio (FAR) were mapped and analyzed by establishing a refined three-dimensional urban digital model. Then indicator analysis, numerical simulation and LST retrieval were comprehensively used to assess the present outdoor ventilation conditions of Macau. The results showed that Macau's overall spatial morphology was not conducive to ventilation. In hot season, the cool sea breeze was obstructed by high-rise buildings in coastal area of the northern peninsula and difficult to infiltrate into the inner city. In cold season, the high pedestrian level wind speed of urban blocks in coastal areas of southern island was not good for wind protection. In Macau's northern peninsula, three potential wind corridors that connecting several existing open spaces are suggested. In southern island, a clustered urban development mode is proposed to create a wind corridor network. In addition, the existing heat islands in the windward side of wind corridors can be reduced by optimizing land surface. For pedestrian-level ventilation, the wind speed of traditional neighborhoods can be enhanced by reducing site coverage and introducing high-rise buildings during urban renewal. Wind protection methods should be considered in existing coastal urban areas, and low-rise high-density development mode is recommended for coastal new town planning in southern island. This research presents an opportunity to assist urban planners and researchers in developing a comprehensive understanding of Macau's ventilation condition, and provides theoretical support for planning practices for Macau and cities with comparable conditions.

Impact of contemporary rebuilding process on changing architectural genotype

The rapid economical, socio-cultural changes in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq in the last three decades promoted radical changes on both urban and architectural level. Several traditional houses in the historical center of the city have been demolished and replaced with rebuilt modern houses leaving negative impacts on the old fabric at both formal and spatial level. This paper aims to investigate the role of the contemporary rebuilding process achieved by landowners within the traditional neighborhoods of the city on changing the underlying genotype constants of housing spatial configuration through examining the morphological characteristics of the architectural layouts of both original and rebuilt type. To achieve this aim five traditional houses’ plans built from (1900-1960) were selected to compare with five modern rebuilt houses (1990-2022) within the same neighborhoods, their spatial arrangements have been compared following analytical quantitative methodology using (A-graph software) as one of space syntax techniques also known as (Gamma analysis) to determine the characteristics of houses layouts in terms of (Symmetry/Assymmetry) and (Distributness/Non Distributness) of the whole system. Results suggest existence of different structuring modes based on genotype distinction despite similarities in some organizational principles.

Public Space Behaviors and Intentions: The Role of Gender through the Window of Culture, Case of Kerman.

Urban public spaces are the spatial nexus of social interactions, activities, and expressions. Society manifests itself within these spaces through different lenses such as cultures and norms. The framework and restrictions related to gender-based behavior play a central role in the discourse about inclusivity and equity in urban public spaces when viewed through these lenses. There is, however, a gap in the literature that addresses how culture and gender influence public space behaviors and intentions within a traditional and modern cultural framework. The current study tests whether culture correlates with public space behavior on a neighborhood scale. A comparative study was conducted between two distinct neighborhoods in the city of Kerman, Iran. The two cases were selected due to their significant differences in how women use and interact with urban space. The effects of gender differences and perceived constraints on how residents manifest their behavior in public spaces were investigated. The study further investigated whether gender has a significant relationship with the level of appropriateness of certain public space behaviors and the intention to pursue them. The findings indicate significant cultural differences in both behavioral practice and behavioral intentions among the respondents. Furthermore, in traditional neighborhoods, the findings support significant gender-dependent differences in public space behavior, even though this gap is not apparent regarding intentions toward public space behaviors. The findings show a significantly greater disparity between traditional and modern districts in women’s perceived behavioral restrictions on personal expression.

Challenging Communal Boundaries in Late Ottoman Thrace: Jews and Muslims in Dimetoka (Didymoteicho)

This article turns to microhistory to explain the targeting of Jews by their Muslim opponents following the Second Balkan War (July 1913) and the return of Ottoman rule to Dimetoka. It explores intercommunal tensions between Jews and Muslims over boundaries and representation in the public sphere that surfaced following the 1908 revolution and the project to construct a new building for the Jewish school in part of the town that was situated outside the boundaries of the traditional Jewish neighborhood. This article argues that the humiliation triggered by Ottoman defeat in the Balkan Wars, the atrocities against Muslim civilians at the hands of Bulgarian soldiers and irregulars, and calls to avenge the Muslims' suffering following the Ottoman retaking of Eastern Thrace provided legitimacy for retaliation against non-Muslims. Existing prewar tensions between Muslims and Jews in Dimetoka, combined with desires for revenge, made the latter into victims of sporadic violence and an economic boycott.