Traditional Medicine Industry Research Articles

Antianxiety Studies on Leaves of Clitoria Ternatea Linn a High Potential Medicinal Plant

Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as “Butterfly Pea”, is a remarkable plant species that has gained increasing attention due to its diverse range of potential applications in traditional medicine, culinary arts, and nutraceutical industries. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Clitoria ternatea, including its botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition, traditional uses across cultures, and emerging pharmacological potential. By examining the various aspects of this plant, we highlight its significance and offer insights into its promising future. The goal of the contemporary revision is to verify the methanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea leaves’ ability to reduce anxiety using an elevated plus maze model. Swiss wister rats being given several dosages of the leaf extracts (150 mg/kg p.o.) and alprazolam (2.5 mg/kg p.o.) served as the positive control. The study’s findings indicate that greater doses of methanolic extract—300 mg/kg—possess pronounced anti-anxiety activity and are comparable to the effects of alprazolam. The plant may be used to produce anxiolytic action.

Potentiometric Determination of Copper in Herbal Material and Hydrolats of Veronica Species (Family Plantaginaceae)

The aim of our work was an implementation of potentiometric determination of copper in samples of the genus Veronica (family Plantaginaceae). Genus Veronica herbs are widely used in e.g. cosmetic, traditional medicine and food industry. The copper content was potentiometrically analysed in 25 herbal samples of genus Veronica and 12 of their hydrolats. The analysed samples were herbal samples of Veronicas harvested mainly in three Croatian regions – Dalmatia, Lika and Slavonia as well as randomly selected samples of theirs hydrolats. Veronicas’ samples were digested in a microwave oven by using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide mixture. The potentiometric determination was performed by using commercially available CuISE for Cu2+, by using potentiometric methods previously developed in our laboratory.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TIDAK MEMPENGARUHI CORPORATE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE DENGAN RISK SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI PERUSAHAAN FARMASI

In the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industries, the growth rate of the 2,017-201·8 quarter experienced a decline, but in the third quarter of 2018 it experienced an unstable increase until 2020 and the highest growth rate was achieved in the third quarter of 2\020 of 14.96%. The highest net income . achievement was obtained by PT Kalbe Farma Tbk in 2017-2020 at 1,570,280,116,839 and the highest share price movement in 2020 was achieved by PT Kimia Farma Tbk at 4250/share due to the increase in demand for medicines and supplements in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. 19. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of CSR on CFP with risk as a mediating variable and firm size, leverage and age as control variables. This study uses a purposive sampling method with a sample of 8 companies with criteria for the pharmaceutical sub-sector that are actively listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the pharmaceutical sub-sector that includes consecutive annual reports, and the pharmaceutical sub-sector that consistently discloses CSR activity reports during the 2017-2017 period. 2020. Using the Least Square Panel (PLS) model. The results showed that CSR had no effect on CFP, CSR had a significant positive effect on risk, and risk could not mediate the relationship between CSR and CFP. the industrial sector is expected to not only carry out CSR as required but must go beyond it and not as a burden or voluntarily, in order to obtain a high CSR value and be able to reduce company risk. It is also hoped that regulators can design regulations to reduce the occurrence of increased risk and discrimination.

Simultaneous Analysis of 12 Aphrodisiacs in Traditional Medicine using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

People tend to consume traditional medicines compared to synthetic drugs due to their safety and low side effects. The high demand of traditional medicine consumption in public stimulates some traditional medicine industries illegally add medicinal chemicals into their products to elevate the therapeutic effect. In order to accelerate the monitoring program of product quality and safety, the availability of a rapid and reliable analytical method becomes a necessity. The research aims to determine the validity of the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its application to simultaneously identify 12 aphrodisiac compounds in male sexual enhancer traditional medicine. The chromatography system used an ion modifier of 0.1% formic acid. The mass spectrometer was equipped with a triple quadrupole (TQD) as a mass analyzer in a positive mode of ESI. The analysis was conducted in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition. Qualitative analysis was performed using retention time (Rt) of peaks in each compound, within their value of m/z quantifier and qualifier ions. Method validation was performed by evaluating the profile of selectivity, precision, matrix effect, and limit of detection (LOD). A qualitative analysis of the selectivity test was carried out by comparing the retention times between the blank sample added with the reference standards (spiked sample) and those in reference standards, with a difference of ±1minute shifts. Precision analysis on intra-day precision gives results in the range of 2.0–8.6%. The method showed that there was no matrix effect with the extraction efficiency values ranging from 86.2 to 110.9%. The LOD values for the 12 compounds were in the range of 1.6 ± 0.58 to 18.2 ± 6.14 µg/g. The method can be applied to test 49 samples of male sexual enhancer traditional medicines consisting of powder, capsules, solutions, soft capsules, and caplets dosage forms. The tested samples contained 8 (eight) types of aphrodisiac compounds. This study shows that LC-MS can be used to confirm the content of aphrodisiac compounds in traditional medicinal samples.

THE ROLE OF BRAND IMAGE IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF PRODUCT QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTENTIONS BOKASHI RUB OIL IN DENPASAR CITY

Indonesia’s traditional medicine industry is growing rapidly. Bokashi Rub Oil is one of a traditional medicine in the form of rub oil that combines coconut arrack oil with Effective Microorganism (EM) technology. The proper strategy must be implemented by Bokashi Rub Oil to make consumers feel interested and repeat purchases. The purpose of this resesearch is to explain how product quality affect brand image and repurchase intentions. The number of samples taken as 152 respondents using a questionnaire, which was carried out in Denpasar City. A non probability sampling and purposive sampling technique were used to select the sample. Using SPSS for Windows, path analysis was used as the method of data analysis. The analylis results findings demonstrate that not all hypotheses are accepted. The effect of product quality on repurchase intentions is significant positive, the effect of brand image on repurchase intentions is significant positive. On the other hand, product quality has an insignificant positive effect on brand image, brand image is unable mediate the effect of product quality on repurchase intentions

Nutritional Content and Bioactive Compounds of Banana Peel and Its Potential Utilization: A Review

Banana is one of the popular fruits among consumers due to their excellent nutritional value. However, banana peel, the fruit’s main secondary product or a significant by-product in banana processing, is generally abandoned and discarded as waste. Banana peels are rich in nutritional content such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, moisture, and ash contents. They are also high in bioactive compounds such as phenolic (flavonoids) and various types of carotenoids (lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene). Phenolic compounds effectively protect the human body against various diseases, specifically oxidative stress-related diseases. Due to all the advantages of banana peels, plenty of potential utilization could be explored, including citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, traditional medicine, foods, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as dietary incorporation. Thus, this paper discussed the nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of banana peel and their potential utilization as food additives, supplements, and pharmaceuticals. This could then help to minimize the number of agro-solid waste disposal from the food industry by processing the waste into value-added products.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE INPUT OUTPUT STRUCTURE OF DKI JAKARTA PROVINCE IN 2016 AND 2024: USING THE DYNAMIC INPUT OUTPUT (DIO) MODEL

This study aims to look at the estimated structural changes in the input output table for DKI Jakarta Province in 2024. Estimates for changes in the structure are obtained by making projections of the input-output table for DKI Jakarta Province in 2024 using the Dynamic Input Output (DIO) model, namely by embedding the econometric model into the input output model, using the 2016 based year, 52 economic sectors, and 22 data series from 2000 to 2021.DIO is a hybrid model that places more emphasis on non-survey aspects that combines macro-econometric equations with identity equations in input-output analysis. This model has many dynamic equations consisting of 425 equation model. The parameters value of the equation are estimated using a combination of three estimation methods: (1) Ordinary Least Square, (2) First Order of Autoregressive, and (3) Second Order of Autoregressive. The general balance value in the DIO model is formulated using the Gauss-Seidel iteration "RAS" method.The results of the study show that in 2024 the corporate services sector, the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industry sector, and the transportation equipment industry sector are the dominant sectors in shaping changes in the structure of intermediate demand. The Construction Sector, the Corporate Services sector, and the transportation equipment industry sector are the dominant sectors shaping changes in the structure of intermediate input. The construction sector, the real estate sector, and the wholesale and retail trade sector, not cars and motorcycles, are the dominant sectors in shaping changes in the structure of final demand. For the gross value added component, the Wholesale and Retail Trade sector, Not Cars and Motorcycles, the Private Information and Communication sector, and the Financial Intermediary Services sector other than the Central Bank are the largest sectors in the formation of structural changes.

DDQR (dynamic DNA QR coding): An efficient algorithm to represent DNA barcode sequences.

A DNA barcode is a short piece of standard DNA sequence used for species determination and discrimination. Representation of DNA barcodes is essential for DNA barcodes' applications in the transportation and recognition of biological materials. Previously, we have compared different strategies for representing the DNA barcodes. In the present study, we have developed a compression algorithm based on binary coding or Huffman coding scheme, followed by converting the binary digits into Base64 digits. The combination of this compression algorithm and the QR representation leads to the dynamic DNA QR coding algorithm (DDQR). We tested the DDQR algorithm on simulated data and real DNA barcode sequences from the commonly used plant and animal DNA barcode markers: rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, ITS2, and COI. We compared the compression efficiency of DDQR and another state-of-the-art DNA compression algorithm GeCo3 for sequences with various base compositions and lengths. We found that DDQR had a higher compression rate than GeCo3 for DNA sequences shorter than 800 bp, which is the typical size range for DNA barcodes. We also upgraded a web server (http://www.1kmpg.cn/ddqr) that provides three functions: retrieval of DNA barcode sequences, encoding DNA barcode sequences to DDQR codes, and decoding DDQR codes to DNA barcode sequences. The DDQR algorithm and the webserver will be invaluable to applying DNA barcode technology in the food and traditional medicine industries.

Remote sensing monitoring of planting area of Panax notoginseng: A case study of Kaiyuan City in Honghe Prefecture

Panax notoginseng is second only to ginseng Panax notoginseng in the Chinese traditional medicine industry. It has extremely high economic value and medicinal value. However, due to the unsustainable planting characteristics of P. notoginseng. The original planting area of P. notoginseng has been exhausted, so the planting area of P. notoginseng has gradually expanded to other areas, and the planting area of P. notoginseng is also changing. Based on Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing image data from 2018 to 2021, the study used Google Earth engine and Random Forest classification to analyze the spatial distribution information of P. notoginseng planting areas in Kaiyuan City, Honghe Prefecture. The results show that, based on Sentinel-2 data, Landsat 8 OLI data, and other multisource data, comprehensively considering the image spectral characteristics and habitat characteristics of P. notoginseng, and applying the Random Forest classification method. The spatial distribution information of P. notoginseng planting areas can be quickly extracted. After calculation, the transfer matrix indicates that the accuracy of the results is high and can meet the requirements of research and application. According to the analysis of the results, the cultivated area of P. notoginseng showed no significant change in 2018 and 2019. It shows an increasing trend during this period. In 2020, the cultivated area of P. notoginseng decreased slightly. While in 2021, the cultivated area of P. notoginseng increased sharply, and the cultivated area of P. notoginseng was more than twice that of the previous year. However, the price of P. notoginseng has shown a trend of decline year by year. By monitoring the planting area of P. notoginseng and analyzing the relationship between the planting area and the price of P. notoginseng, we can predict the future market price of P. notoginseng and plan the rational planting of P. notoginseng.

『越南遺書』를 통해 본 申光㤠의 생애와 독립운동

The Wolnam Yuseo(『越南遺書』) is a suicide note written by Shin Kwang-ryul after he defected to South Korea shortly after liberation. It contains not only his life but also the contents related to the Korean independence movement, so it is worth using it as a historical material for the independence movement. In particular, this is significant in that Shin Kwang-ryeol himself and his uncle Shin hong-gyun played a decisive role in being selected as a person of merit for independence by the Korean government. Therefore, based on this, this paper attempted to shed light on the activities of the independence movement along with Shin Kwang-ryeol's life. He was born in 1903 in Bukcheong, Hamgyongnam-do, and moved to Wanga-dong, 17th district of Jangbaekhyeon, Guilin Province, China in 1911, shortly after the national death. Later, as he grew up, he developed a sense of nationalism from his uncle, Shin Hong-gyun, and after entering Dongheung Middle School in Bukgando, he accepted socialist ideas and actively responded to colonial reality. After graduation, he worked as a teacher at Jeil Jeongmong School, came to Korea in his mid-20s, and briefly worked as secretary of Hyesanjin, Gapsan-gun, Hambuk-do. After that, he tried to succeed the traditional Korean medicine industry, which was his family business, but was rejected by the Japanese colonial g overnment and crossed over to Bukgando again. At this time, he entered the antiJapanese movement while interacting with the communists who were active there. At that time, the Gwangju Student Movement spread to Bukg ando, and with this opportunity, the communist g roup tried to convert it into a national independence protest movement, but was arrested by the Japanese police. Since then, he has been imprisoned for three months at Seodaemun Prison.

Evaluasi SPO Pengujian Produk Jadi Pre-Marketing terhadap Mutu Sediaan COL (Cairan Obat Luar) Tradisional di Salah Satu Industri X

Introduction: The traditional medicine industry (TMI) is an industry that can produce all types of traditional medicinal preparations including EML (external medicine liquid). In the process of making traditional medicine (TM), TMI is obliged to follow the rules of GMPTM (good manufacturing practices traditional medicines) which aims to ensure the quality of the preparations produced. In the process, an SOP (standard operating procedure) is needed which contains the steps that must be taken to realize the goals and product quality (specifications) that have been determined. Pre-marketing finished product testing is part of the production process, so it also requires an SOP. One of the IOT X that has made CML has been established long time, of course it already has a Finished Products Pre-Marketing EML Preparations Testing SOP. Objective: to evaluate the SOP of Pre-Marketing Finished Product Testing on the quality of COL preparations, based on quality standards finished products which are regulated in BPOM Regulation No. 32 of 2019 concerning the Safety and Quality Requirements for Traditional Medicine and 1996 SNI (Indonesian National Standard), and GMPTM 2021. Methods: literature study and observational description with a qualitative approach in the form of interviews Results: SOP is in accordance with existing EML quality standards, its implementation has also been implemented well (during the production of COL X products never happened not eligible), and there has never been a recall of EML products during the production period. Conclusion: The SOP for testing finished products in the pre-marketing phase has been implemented properly in accordance with applicable regulations.

THE POTENCIAL OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE R.) AS A STANDARDIZED HERBAL PRODUCT IN NORTH SUMATERA

Indonesia has more than 9,609 plant species which have medicinal properties that is spread across various regions in Indonesia. Ginger is a group of medicinal plants that are therapeutic. Ginger has been cultivated on a large scale with the highest harvested area, total production and demand in Indonesia, including the Province of North Sumatra. The use of ginger as a medicinal plant has been carried out on the scale of the Traditional Medicine Industry (IOT), of which there are 135 IOTs in Indonesia and one of them is in North Sumatra, namely in the city of Medan. This article uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) method by identifying articles from various scientific report source databases, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Elsevier. The selection of articles is taken from the period between 2019-2022, 38 out of 100 articles and reports have been included in the criteria. From the studies that have been conducted, it can be concluded that the existence of IOT supported by tools and technology as well as policies that can protect the standardized herbal medicine agro-industry which will be the driving force for the ginger agro-industry so that it can meet the demand for domestic medicinal materials, increase export share, as well as be able to compete in the global market.

Evaluation of Marker Compounds and Biological Activity of In Vitro Regenerated and Commercial Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC. Roots Subjected to Steam Processing.

Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae, has been known since immemorial times as a prominent oriental drug in East Asia that can treat various ailments, such as kidney disorders, anemia, and diabetes. In order to be applied for medical purposes, R. glutinosa is commonly processed using steam to increase its efficacy and biological activity. The increasing demand for R. glutinosa in the traditional medicine industry encouraged many researchers to develop a fast, efficient, and high-quality production system using biotechnological approaches. This study aimed to compare the chemical and biological activities of in vitro regenerated R. glutinosa (PKR) and commercial R. glutinosa (PCR) samples subjected to steam processing. We assessed the effects of steam processing and the differences in R. glutinosa material on 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) content, total flavonoid and phenolic content, antioxidant activity, nitric oxide (NO) levels, and anti-inflammatory activity. PKR samples showed a significantly higher content of 5-HMF (0.15%) as compared to PCR samples (0.05%). Compared to unprocessed R. glutinosa (UPR) and PCR samples, PKR again showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content of 41.578 mg GAE/g and 17.208 mg RUE/g, respectively. Meanwhile, both processed R. glutinosa samples (PKR and PCR) showed a significantly higher DPPH antioxidant activity ((67.095 + 1.005)% and (61.579 + 0.907)%, respectively) than unprocessed R. glutinosa ((31.452 + 1.371)%). In addition, both PKR and PCR samples showed good anti-inflammatory activity by showing similar effects such as the inhibition of NO production and the suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Based on these results, PKR fulfilled the Chinese pharmacopeia standards, in terms of the amount of the marker compounds and showed a high level of bioactivity. Therefore, these findings are expected to be useful in verifying the efficacy of herbal medicines and the availability of suitable materials for medicinal use.

Pemanfaatan Digital Marketing di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Industri dan Usaha Obat Tradisional

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of using digital marketing by the traditional medicine industry during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to conditions before the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive quantitative research with a case study approach. The data used is secondary data in the form of sales reports (turnover) in the period 2014 to 2021 obtained from the traditional medicine industry in Malang, East Java. From this data, it is then processed and analyzed using tables and graphs to provide a descriptive picture related to the problems in the study as well as conducting normality tests, homogeneity tests, and different tests (independent sample T-test) using SPSS Ver.19 software to produce a conclusion. study. The results show that the traditional medicine industry can develop during the Covid-19 pandemic by utilizing digital marketing as a sales system as evidenced by an increase in average sales (turnover) during the Covid-19 pandemic by 173% compared to the period before the pandemic Covid-19.

Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the dynamic regulation of secondary metabolism upon development of Prunella vulgaris L.

Prunella vulgaris L. (P. vulgaris, Labiatae) is a perennial medicinal and edible plant widely used in China, Korea, Japan and Europe. The reddish brown spica of P. vulgaris (Prunellae Spica), which is collected in summer, has been commonly used in traditional medicine and food industry, while it is also used with whole grass in Europe and Taiwan. To clarify the regulatory pathways and mechanism of quality formation in P. vulgaris, targeted metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of Prunellae Spica samples from five consecutive developmental stages were carried out. The results showed that terpenoids were mainly synthesized in the maturity stage of Prunellae Spica, with the key enzymes and coding genes in downstream pathways being mainly expressed during ripening, while related enzymes in the upstream pathway showed the opposite pattern. Flavonoids mainly accumulated before ripening, with highly expressed pathway enzymes and coding genes. The accumulation of phenylpropanoids was relatively active throughout the development process. Rosmarinic acid (RA) and its synthetic intermediate products mainly accumulated via more active pathway enzymes and coding genes before ripening. The regulatory factors and metabolites related to RA synthesis were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, plant pathogen interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathways.

Specialization and Competitive Advantages of Leading Processing Industry in South Sumatra

The contribution of the manufacturing sector to the GRDP of South Sumatra Province is 19.72 percent in 2020. A large percentage of GRDP does not necessarily indicate the potential of the processing industry to become a leading sector, so it is necessary to identify the leading processing industry sector. So that this study aims to identify the competitiveness of the leading processing industry sub-sector. The method used are Static Location Quetionts (SLQ), Dynamic Location Quetionts (DLQ), Dispersion Power Index (IDP), Sensitivity Index (IDK) which uses an overlay method to identify sub-sectors of the processing industry. Meanwhile, to determine the competitiveness of the leading processing industry sub-sector is using Shift-Share Dynamic analysis. Using the secondary data sourced from the Indonesia Statistics, the input-output table in 2016 and previous study from 2016-2020. The findings show that from the 16 sub-sectors of the processing industry, there are 3 sub-sectors which include the leading processing industry, namely the food and beverage industry; paper and paper goods industry, printing, and reproduction of recording media; and the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industries. Food and beverage industry sub-sector; and the paper industry, and paper goods, printing and reproduction of recording media have competitiveness and specialization. Meanwhile, the chemical, pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industries have no specialization but are competitive.

Phytochemical Screening of Chloroform Extract from Javanese Long Pepper which Dried Through 2 Different Methods

Fruit is easily damaged and has a short shelf life due to the high water content. Drying is one of the post-harvest handling processes that can reduce the water content of the product to increase stability during product distribution and storage. Javanese long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) is included in the 10 largest raw materials absorbed by the traditional medicine industry. Purpose of this study is to carry out phytochemical screening of chloroform extract from javanese long pepper which dried through 2 different methods. Group 1 was air-dried, while group II was pre-treated with blanching, which was boiled for a few minutes before drying in direct sunlight. The dried implicia produced from both groups were macerated with chloroform for 3 days each. The maceration filtrate then tested to determine the secondary metabolite compounds contained in it through phytochemical screening. The test is carried out by observing the presence or absence of a precipitate formed or the color change that occurs after the addition of reagents. The results showed that both groups were positive for alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids, but negative for terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. There was no difference in content between the two treatment groups.

Analisis Prioritas Pengembangan Sektor Industri Pengolahan di Kabupaten Mimika

This study aims to determine the sub-sector of the manufacturing industry that can be prioritized for development in Mimika Regency. In order to achieve these objectives, this research uses descriptive research methods. The data used in this study include GRDP data by business field based on 2010 constant prices in Mimika Regency and Papua Province during the 2016-2020 period which was collected through documentation techniques. To answer the formulation of this research problem, a combination of Klassen Typology and Location Quotient analysis is used. A sub-sector of the manufacturing industry in Mimika Regency is classified as a sub-sector that can be prioritized for its development as a driver of economic growth. The results of this study indicate that the sub-sector of the Textile and Apparel Industry, the sub-sector of the Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Traditional Medicine Industry, and the sub-sector of the Rubber Industry. Goods from Rubber and Plastics, sub-sector of Non-Metal Mining Goods Industry, Other Processing Industry sub-sector; Repair and installation of machinery and equipment services is a sub-sector of the manufacturing industry that can be prioritized for development in Mimika Regency

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOID IN JAMU “X” WITH UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS

Jamu is still the choice of Indonesian people as an alternative to modern medicine until now. As a cultural heritage of the Indonesian, jamu is still very popular from the west to the east of Indonesia. The enthusiasm of the Indonesian in consuming jamu has encouraged many traditional medicine industries to produce jamu with many kinds of claim. Jamu "X" is claimed to help maintain body health. This research was conducted to determine the total flavonoid content in jamu "X" calculated as rutin by UV-spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) reagent. Jamu "X" is a product with new formula that is expected to be marketed soon. The determination of the maximum absorbance wavelength of rutin was carried out at a wavelength of 400-800 nm and the resulting maximum absorbance wavelength of rutin was 416.5 nm. The determination of total flavonoid calculated as rutin determined using a linear regression equation from the rutin standard. The linear regression equation was determined from a rutin standard curve series with 10; 12.5; 15; 17.5 and 20 g/ml, respectively and the linear regression equation obtained y = 0.0275x + 0.093. The results of the determination of rutin in the jamu "X" were 1.474%; 1.474% and 1.469% with an average value of 1.472%.

Pengaruh Desain Kemasan dan Ecommerce Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Jamu Herbal dan Rempah Madura

The use of biopharmaceutical plants as traditional medicine in Madura has been going on for quite a long time, because medicinal plants and spices as raw materials for the traditional medicine industry are available in quite a lot in four districts in Madura. Traditional medicine SMEs have made many innovations to attract customers, one of which is by making packaging designs. In addition to innovation in terms of packaging design, the use of the internet is carried out to market Madura herbal herbal products. This method is called E-commerce. Data collection uses primary data and secondary data.