Indian Traditional Medicine Research Articles

Piper Betel Leaf Phytochemical Study and Antimicrobial Effect against Clinical Bacterial Isolates

Herbal resources are useful for traditional medicine, folk medicine, modern medicine, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical intermediates, and chemical precursors for synthetic drugs. The antibacterial qualities of the leaves of piper betel, also known as paan, have long been employed in Indian traditional medicine. A methanol extract of Piper betel leaves was examined for its ability to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus frimicutes, Escherichia coli, Entrobacter, Klebsiella, and other bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria).The extract of Piper betel leaves also contained proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, fixed oil, and lipids. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method. The outcomes shown that the antibacterial properties of Piper betel Linn's limit the growth of microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner. The outcomes demonstrate that the extract from Piper betel possesses antibacterial activity in the tested system. Secondary metabolites are thought to be produced by this plant. The results also imply that favorable results can emerge from habitually using herbs with historical efficacy claims in scientific study.

Formulation development of curcumin-piperine solid dispersion via hot-melt extrusion

Curcumin is one of the major ingredients derived from turmeric (Curcuma Longa Linn). For many years, curcumin was used in Indian traditional medicine to treat several diseases. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic activities. In addition, curcumin has a low aqueous solubility of 0.00575 mg/mL, which has been associated with its poor release profile. The aim of this study is to improve the release profile of curcumin utilizing the hot-melt extrusion technique (HME) to prepare curcumin-piperine solid dispersion (SD). Three physical mixtures of curcumin, piperine, and Soluplus® were prepared with different ratios between the compositions. Two different extrusion temperatures (130 °C and 140 °C) were applied during the extrusion step. Drug release studies for the pure compounds and the extrudates were performed using the USP apparatus II, and the samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Curcumin-piperine solid dispersion was successfully prepared by hot-melt extrusion technology. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed the presence of endothermic peaks, one for curcumin at 179 °C, and another for piperine at 132 °C. However, these peaks were not observed in the extrudates thermograms, indicating the solubilization of curcumin and piperine within the polymeric carrier at an amorphous state. The release studies revealed significant improvement in curcumin release profiles for up to 9-folds in the formulations, compared to pure curcumin.

『짜라까상히타(Caraka-Saṃhitā)』에서 마음에 대한 고찰

The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning of the mind through analysis of the attributes and actions of the mind shown in the 『Caraka-Saṃhitā』. Āyurveda, a traditional Indian medicine, sees the mind and body as the basis of happiness and disease. This is a reminder of the importance of the mind that has been neglected for a long time in modern Western medicine. One of Āyurveda's three major medical books, 『Caraka-Saṃhitā』is a medical text mainly dealing with internal medicine, and deals with many philosophical ideas such as Āyurveda's cosmology and outlook on life, especially the mind. In 『Caraka-Saṃhitā』, human life is defined as a combination of mind, body, sensory function, and soul, and it is considered that the combination of mind, soul, and body constitute the substratum for everything. Depending on the degree of dominance of the three attributes that psychologically form an individual's temperament, the mental type is analyzed in detail into 16 types, and psychotherapy to deal with mental disorders is also presented. It emphasizes that unhappiness with the body and mind is entirely due to ignorance, and that overall happiness relies on correct knowledge.

Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities of Ziziphus mauritania Lam leaves in animal models

Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), commonly known as Ziziphus jujuba Mill, is in traditional Chinese medicine enriched with high medicinal values. In Indian and Chinese traditional medicine, a decoction of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves was used to cure insomnia, amnesia, pain, and vertigo. The study aims to determine the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activities of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam leaves to establish a rationale for their use. We studied analgesic activity by writhing and the hot plate methods in mice, whereas mechanical allodynia in rats. Also, rats were used in carrageenan anti-inflammatory and brewer's yeast-caused pyrexia. MEZ were tested at 250 and 500 mg/kg orally. Molecular docking studies between 3 inflammatory pathway proteins and natural molecules are planned and carried out. CHARMm was used for docking, and the smart minimizer algorithm was used to reduce energy. Acute toxicity testing up to 5000 mg/kg showed no deaths. Both UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis and phytochemical analysis supported the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, MEZ significantly (p<0.001) reduces the perception of pain brought on by thermal, mechanical, and chemical pain models. Paw edema is dramatically reduced at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after carrageenan injection by MEZ at 500 mg/kg.Similarly, MEZ at 500 mg/kg showed a gradual drop in rectal temperatures from 3 to 9 h. The docking result illustrated that the quercetin and rutin exposed a better binding with inflammatory protein through multiple hydrogen bonds and π interactions. The findings showed that the MEZ has potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties at the levels studied, supporting the traditional use claim.

Bioactive Herbal Medicine Use for Eye Sight: A Meta Analysis

The use of chemical medications to treat eye conditions in a way that avoids causing harm is still a work in progress for modern medicine. Herbal remedies, however, may be able to solve the problems that conventional pharmaceuticals have. Given their efficacy, lack of adverse effects, and inexpensive cost, there have been extensive efforts to discover novel medicinal plants from various locations. Several plant species have been promoted in Traditional Indian Medicine for their ophthalmic effects, and it is estimated that around 200 plants worldwide have been documented to support therapy of eye problems. This review seeks to shed light on the history of using various plants to treat eye illnesses, the advantages and disadvantages of those approaches, and the advantages of modern medicine over those of the plants themselves. Based on the findings of this review, the most effective Ayurvedic preparations may be created by combining traditional knowledge with modern techniques and polymers.

A Critical Review of Amalaki- (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) in Classical Texts and Promote its Use in Our Life

The drug Amalaki (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn.) belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, is used since ancient time for therapeutic purposes. It has been used in the traditional Indian medicine of ‘Ayurveda’ for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Amalaki has five Rasa (taste) except Lavana (salt), It is mainly Amla Ras Pradhan. Its Vipaka (taste after digestion) is Madhura (sweet) and Veerya (potency) is Sheeta (cool). Because of these qualities, the plant performs various pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, immunomodulatory activity, anti-tussive, antiulcer activity, anticancerous activity, anti-diarroheal and spasmolytic, antidiabetic, in reducing cholesterol and dyslipidemia, antimicrobial, anti-asthmatic. It helps to improve physical and mental health, prevents degeneration, extends youth and delays aging or rather reverse the aging process. Various parts of Amalaki has been described in morphology like root, stem, leaf, seed, flower and fruit. Synonyms and their interpretation, Vernacular names, Rasapanchaka and Karma of Amalaki in various Nighantus (Dhanwantri Nighantu, Shodhal Nighantu, Madanpal Nighantu, Bhavprakasha Nighantu, Kaiyadeva Nighantu and Raj Nighantu) has been described. Classical categorization of plant Amalaki in Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya has been explained according to its Karma and this paper presented a comprehensive review of Emblica Officinalis Gaertn

Trend analysis of Ayurveda studies in Korea

This study analyzes the trends of studies on Ayurveda in Korea. Ayurveda is a natural healing system that heals the body, mind, and soul as a traditional medicine in India. The importance of natural healing is being emphasized more domestically and internationally, and various methods and healing theories that increase an individual's immunity are being re-evaluated. Against this background of the times, it is urgently necessary to analyze the trends of Ayurveda studies. This study used domestic journals and degree theses of the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) from January 1997 to June. The data were searched through the keywords ‘Ayurveda (Korean)’ or “Ayurveda.” For data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis was performed. As a result of the research, a total of 193 theses were published, including 57 master's theses, 28 doctoral theses, and 108 academic theses. Among the results, Mee-Sook Cheong (23 articles, 11.94%) wrote the most research papers. In terms of gender, there was a difference in the number of female researchers nearly three times that of male researchers. By the year, 2020 had the highest number of publications. In terms of study methods, there were many literature studies, followed by quantitative studies. By study institute, Changwon University produced the most master's theses and Dong-Bang Culture University had the most doctoral. In conclusion, what learned through this study was that the natural healing system of Ayurveda, a classical medicine, moved with the flow of time. The results can be concluded based on the trends of the condition of well-being and the trends within the condition of COVID-19. The results will also provide basic data for future researchers on trends in Ayurvedic studies.

Ethnopharmacology of solanum nigrum: A review

Solanum nigrum is a flowering plant that originated in Eurasia and has now spread to the Americas, Australia, and South Africa. European black nightshade, blackberry nightshade, or simply black nightshade are all names for this plant. Sn is a vital plant in traditional medicine that may be found all over the world. S. Nigrum, an annual to short-lived perennial herb with white or mauve flowers followed by berries, has been shown to have powerful analgesic, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects. Traditional Indian medicine has employed s.nigrum infusions to treat diarrhoea, gastrointestinal disorders, and fever. The plant's juice is used to treat ulcers and other skin conditions. The fruits are used as a tonic, laxative, and digestive aid.

Assessment Of Alpha-Fetoprotein Level After Treatment With Plectranthus Amboinicus Extract In Wister Albino Rats Induced By Carbon Tetra-Chloride

Plectranthus Amboinicus, plant extract has indispensible beneficial agents in traditional Indian medicine and Ayurveda. Incidence of several diseases, including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing gradually to a new peak. The major goal of this investigation was to identify and estimate defensive capability of Plectranthus Amboinicus extract on enzymatic functions of liver and to investigate attenuating potential on HCC biomarker. The analyses include, effects of Plectranthus Amboinicus, in serum level of AST,ALT,ALP, Total bilirubin, and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) fluctuations in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4), induced HCC rats. Toxicity was stimulated by CCL4 with olive oil as vehicle in the ratio of (1:1 v/v);( olive oil 5mL/kg i.p). Sylimarin was used as a reference (standard) for intoxicated animal groups. Moreover, observation of histological studies favours the biochemical changes observed. Results showed P.Amboinicus, is highly potential in depleting the level of liver enzymes and AFP biomarker, based on dose regimen. These might have been due to the action of enriched phenolic content of P.Amboinicus, to get rid of free radicals. Study concluded that P.Amboinicus is a universal medicine and modulating biochemical changes in hepatotoxicity of liver cells induced HCC rat model.

Jatamansinol from Nardostachys jatamansi Ameliorates Tau-Induced Neurotoxicity in Drosophila Alzheimer's Disease Model.

Nardostachys jatamansi has long been used to prepare Medhya Rasayana in traditional Indian Ayurveda medicine to treat neurological disorders and enhance memory. Jatamansinol from the N. jatamansi against Alzheimer's disease (AD) showed that it could be a multitargeted drug against AD. Drosophila is an ideal model organism for studying a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease such as AD since its neuronal organizations and functioning are highly similar to that of humans. The current study investigates the neuroprotective properties of jatamansinol against Tau-induced neurotoxicity in the AD Drosophila model. Results indicate jatamansinol is not an antifeedant for larva and adult Drosophila. Lifespan, locomotor activity, learning and memory, Tau protein expression level, eye degeneration, oxidative stress level, and cholinesterase activities were analyzed in 10, 20, and 30-day-old control (wild type), and tauopathy flies reared on jatamansinol supplemented food or regular food without jatamansinol supplementation. Jatamansinol treatment significantly extends the lifespan, improves locomotor activity, enhances learning and memory, and reduces Tau protein levels in tauopathy flies. It boosts the antioxidant enzyme activities, prevents Tau-induced oxidative stress, ameliorates eye degeneration, and inhibits cholinesterase activities in Tau-induced AD model. This study provides the first evidence that jatamansinol protects against Tau's neurotoxic effect in the AD Drosophila model, and it can be a potential therapeutic drug candidate for AD.

Therapeutic Potential of Different Natural Products for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

A high incidence of dementia (60–80%) and a high rate of memory loss are two of the most common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the elderly. Researchers have recommended that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Indian medicines can be used to prevent and cure AD. Several studies have linked neuroinflammation linked to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. As a result, more research is needed to determine the role of inflammation in neurodegeneration. Increased microglial activation, cytokine production, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) all play a role in the inflammatory process of AD. This review focuses on the role of neuroinflammation in neuroprotection and the molecular processes used by diverse natural substances, phytochemicals, and herbal formulations in distinct signaling pathways. Currently, researchers are focusing on pharmacologically active natural compounds with the anti-neuroinflammatory potential, making them a possible contender for treating AD. Furthermore, the researchers investigated the limits of past studies on TCM, Indian Ayurveda, and AD. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the effects of medicinal whole-plant extracts on AD. Clinical investigations have shown that lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenoids, sterols, and alkaloids have anti-inflammatory, antiamyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant properties. This review summarizes information about numerous medicinal plants and isolated compounds used in the treatment of AD and a list of further references.

Holarrhena antidysenterica in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a potential review

Holarrhena antidysenterica belongs to the Apocynaceae family and is generally known as kurchi in Hindi. It is a small deciduous tree found in arid woods throughout the world including India. H. Antidysenterica is commonly used in Indian traditional medicine to treat Inflammatory Bowel disease, dysentery, diarrhoea and worms in the intestines. Plant parts like bark are useful in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic treatments, amoebiasis, chronic bronchitis, boils, and ulcers. The Phytoconstituents found in the plant ergosterol, flavonoids, phenolic acids, resins, saponins, steroidal alkaloids, coumarins, tannins and triterpenoids. Anti-amnesic, anti-diabetic, antibacterial action, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrhoeal, antioxidant/free radical activity , radical scavenging, diuretic, anti-amoebic, anthelmintic and anti-microbial effects are found as pharmacological properties of Holarrhena antidysenterica. H. antidysenterica bark contains alkaloids the most important of which is the steroidal alkaloid conessine which is the major therapeutic constituent. Conarrhimine, Conimine, Conamine, Conessidine, Isoconessimine, Dimethyl Conkurchine and Holarrhimine are among the various alkaloids studied. The bark also includes gum, resin, tannin, lupeol and the digitenol glycoside Holadysone in addition to alkaloids. Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica is used to treat malaria, chest infections, asthma, bronchopneumonia, stomach disorders, dyspepsia, diarrhoea and dysentery.&#x0D; Keywords: HA- Holarrhena antidysenterica, IBD- Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Collitus

Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Gymnosporia montana (Roth). Benth leaves

Ethno-pharmacological relevanceGymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth an herbaceous shrub used in Indian traditional medicine their leaves decoction was used as mouthwash to get relieve from toothache, hence it is also known as Dantakashta in Sanskrit language which means the plant used for tooth problems. Traditionally the leaves juice used to alleviate inflammation and in some parts of India like Saurashtra in Gujarat, leaves were chewed as a folklore cure for Jaundice and in Bhandra region Karnataka, leaves extract mixed with cow milk used for jaundice. Hepatoprotective activity for G. montana leaves was well reported however, its use for inflammation and toothache are still not studied to investigate active phytoconstituents responsible for anti-inflammatory activity. Aim of the studyThe present study aimed at bioactivity guided isolation of G. montana leaves extracts using inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro assay to yield bioactive phytoconstituents. Materials and methodsThe n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts prepared from G. montana leaves were evaluated for cell viability using MTT assay. The effect of extracts to inhibit the pro-inflammatory mediators like NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The quantitative analysis of the isolated phytoconstituents was performed using quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (qNMR). ResultsThe n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of G. montana leaves exhibited cell viability in the range of 97.43–84.88% at 50 μg/mL concentration in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In-vitro evaluation of extracts showed that n-hexane extract was most effective in inhibiting NO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 inflammatory mediators at 50 μg/mL in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further n-hexane extract, its fraction GMHA3 and β-amyrin exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100, 50 and 30 mg/kg per oral, respectively in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The quantitative analysis by qNMR revealed β-amyrin as a major compound in the n-hexane extract. ConclusionsIn vitro and in vivo bioassay results suggested that G. montana n-hexane extract, its fraction GMHA3 and β-amyrin exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity proves the traditional uses of G. montana leaves. The reported activity of β-amyrin for periodontitis provides evidence of profound the use of G. montana leaves for toothache and anti-inflammatory activity.

Biostatistical and mathematical analysis on liver disease during COVID-19 pandemic

The liver is the body's biggest organ and is involved in metabolic processes. The liver is involved in both metabolism and dehydration. It helps in the detoxification of harmful chemicals as well as the growth of microorganisms. For systemic removal and preservation of organisms and other creatures, the liver is the most essential organ. As a result, liver injury has significant ramifications. Liver disease is regarded as a serious health issue. Overuse of several medicines, which are occasionally prescribed as part of treatment, can cause organ damage. Hepatotoxicity is caused by other chemical agents, such as those employed in labs (thioacetamide, alcohol, etc.) and industry, as well as natural compounds (such as microcystin). Many over-the-counter medicines aren't prescribed to help people with liver disease, and they can actually harm the liver. As a result, plant-based treatments are utilised to treat liver illness. As a result, several human herbal treatments have been evaluated in experimental animal models for antioxidant and hepatoprotective liver function. Acanthus ilicifolius was used as Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Traditional Indian medicine (TIM). The plants showed many clinical properties. Still, the neurological related functions and disorders are not well explored in this plant. Complex interplay of positive and negative emotions orchestrated by intricately associated neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters coupled with endocrinal in- fluence holds responsible for human behavior, considered as the root of human civilization, is currently facing existential crisis during COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify the interaction between A. ilicifolius natural compounds and Echinacoside as reference compounds were to study the neurotransmitters functions through biomathematical and computational method. Initially, in silico molecular docking was performed to identify the potent natural compounds against neurological disease. The results show among 8 natural compounds, 26.27-Di(nor)- cholest-5,7,23-trien-22-ol, 3-methoxymethoxy, Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3, Beta.)-, carbonochloridate, Cholesterol and Echinacoside exhibited maximum interaction with all the target proteins. Especially, Echinacoside exhibited the maximum interaction with (Serotonin) 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (-17.077), Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (-15.810) and (Histamine) Histamine H2 receptor (-17.556). These two neurotransmitters act as a major concern related to the mental disorders and neurological functions. The natural compounds may potent inhibitor for neurological disorders.

In vivo HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF Pyrrosia heterophylla (L.) M.G. PRICE, A FERN USED IN INDIAN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Pyrrosia heterophylla is an epiphytic fern used in Indian tribal and traditional medicine for treatment of jaundice and some inflammatory conditions such as asthma, swellings and pain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of different leaf extracts of P. heterophylla on acetaminophen-intoxicated male Wistar rats. The hepatoprotective effect of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of P. heterophylla (PHE and PHM respectively) was evaluated by studying changes in liver function markers in serum such as AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and bilirubin. In vivo antioxidant effect of the extracts was evaluated by analysing the lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant systems in liver. Histopathological study of liver tissue was done to support the biochemical analyses. Both PHE and PHM were found to have significant hepatoprotective effect on acetaminophen intoxicated Wistar rats in a dose dependent manner. Serum markers of hepatotoxicity as well as tissue lipid peroxidative products were maintained similar to normal in the rats pre-treated with extracts. Biochemical data was supported by results of the histological studies. The study substantiated the traditional use of P. heterophylla as a hepatoprotective agent. Leaf extracts of P. heterophylla were able to provide significant hepatoprotection in acetaminophen treated rats with PHE being more effective than PHM.

Identification and quantification of eight alkaloids in Aconitum heterophyllum using UHPLC‐DAD‐QTOF‐IMS: A valuable tool for quality control

Aconitum spp. are prime medicinal plants rich in alkaloids and have been used as the main constituents of traditional medicine in India and China. The whole plant can be toxic and creates pathophysiological conditions inside the human body. Therefore, simultaneous quantification of alkaloids within plant parts and herbal medicines associated with this genus is essential for quality control. We aimed to develop and validate methods using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-quadrupole time-of-flight ion mobility mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-IMS) and to develop an analytical strategy for the identification and quantification of alkaloid compounds (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, aconine, benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylaconine, bulleyaconitine A, and deoxyaconitine) from Aconitum heterophyllum. We developed a simultaneous identification and quantification method for eight alkaloids using UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-IMS. The method was validated as per International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines and also in IMS mode. The developed method has good linearity (r2 = 0.997-0.999), LOD (0.63-8.31 μg/mL), LOQ (0.63-2.80 μg/mL), recovery (86.01-104.33%), reproducibility, intra- and inter-day variability (<3.25%), and stability. Significant qualitative and quantitative variations were found among different plant parts (flower, leaf, stem, root, and tuber) and five market products of A. heterophyllum. Furthermore, a total of 21 metabolites were also profiled based on the fragmentation pattern of MS2 using the validated method. An appropriate mobile phase using acetonitrile and water in a gradient elution gave a satisfactory chromatographic separation of eight Aconitum alkaloids with their adjacent peaks. Therefore, this method could provide a scientific and technical platform for quality control assurance.

Validation of wound healing property of Siddha herbal extractive preparation Ellukai Thol Uppu (salt extraction from pericarp of Sesamum indicum)

Background: The belief of general public and globalization on Siddha medicine led to the stable growth of Indian traditional medicine, thereby necessitating the standardization of Siddha formulation and pharmacopeia standards for their quality control. Ellukai Thol Uppu (ETU) is a Siddha formulation extracted from Sesamum indicum by Siddha traditional method used for excision wound. The present study aimed to study the standardization parameters and screen the antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. Objective: The present study aimed to study the standardization parameters and screen the antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. Materials and Methods: ETU was prepared from Sesamum indicum as per the literature, and subjected to study the standardization parameters such as physicochemical analysis and heavy metal analysis were done by using AYUSH testing protocol, and screening of acute toxicity was done by organisation for economic co-operation and development method, and wound healing property was done by using excision wound method. Result: The study results revealed that the drug ETU is free from any microbial contaminations and has no toxicity effect. The drug ETU possesses antimicrobial and wound-healing properties. Conclusion: The derived results could serve as a ready reference for quality control and pharmacological property assessment of the drug.

Zinc curcumin complex on fluoride doped hydroxyapatite with enhanced biological properties for dental and orthopedic applications.

Since antiquity, curcumin, from turmeric is utilized in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) to treat bone disorders. However, the hydrophobic nature and poor absorption of curcumin limit its clinical applications. There is a need to develop a novel strategy that can significantly enhance curcumin's biological properties. The current work reports the utilization of Zn2+-curcumin complex from a fluoride doped hydroxyapatite matrix for osteosarcoma inhibition, osteoblast growth, and anti-bacterial properties. The interaction between Zn2+ and curcumin increases curcumin release by ~ 2.5 folds. The fabricated drug delivery system shows up to ~ 1.6 times enhancement in osteoblast cell viability. The presence of curcumin results in ~ 4 times more osteosarcoma inhibition compared to control. The antibacterial efficacy of this system is confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus, due to the presence of antibacterial fluoride, zinc, and curcumin. This multifunctional drug delivery system can be utilized for various bone-tissue engineering and dental applications.

Neurotransmitters: A Computational and bio mathematical approach at the time of COVID-19

COVID-19 has already swept millions of lives and created the deep black cloud made up of negative emotions. Acanthus ilicifolius was used as Traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The plants showed many clinical properties. Still, the neurological related functions and disorders are not well explored in this plant. Complex interplay of positive and negative emotions orchestrated by intricately associated neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters coupled with endocrinal in- fluence holds responsible for human behavior, considered as the root of human civilization, is currently facing existential crisis during COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify the interaction between A. ilicifolius natural compounds and Echinacoside as reference compounds were to study the neurotransmitters functions through biomathematical and computational method. Initially, in silico molecular docking was performed to identify the potent natural compounds against neurological disease. The results show among 8 natural compounds, 26.27-Di(nor)-cholest-5,7,23-trien-22-ol, 3-methoxymethoxy, Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3, Beta.)-, carbonochloridate, Cholesterol and Echinacoside exhibited maximum interaction with all the target proteins. Especially, Echinacoside exhibited the maximum interaction with (Serotonin) 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (-17.077), Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (-15.810) and (Histamine) Histamine H2 receptor (-17.556). These two neurotransmitters act as a major concern related to the mental disorders and neurological functions. The natural compounds may potent inhibitor for neurological disorders.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Thalictrum Foliolosum (Ranunculaceae) Root Ethanolic Extract

The trend in healthcare is moving towards disease prevention rather than treatment, wherein people choose herbal medicines, functional foods and nutraceuticals over pharmaceuticals for their wellbeing. Thalictrum foliolosum is one of the well- known medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medicine to treat several disease, studies related to the pharmacological properties of Thalictrum foliolosum are very less. The Thalictrum foliolosum root is widely used as traditional medicine to treat various diseases including antiperiodic, diuretic, febrifuge, ophthalmic diseases. In this present investigation we studied the hepatoprotective activity of T. foliolosum root ethanolic extract for the first time. Dried roots of T.foliolosum were, powdered and extracted in ethanol. A single oral doses of Thalictrum foliolosum root ethanolic extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) was used for acute toxicity study. The acute-toxicity studies show that the extract is non-toxic even at relatively higher concentrations (1000 mg/kg). Wister rats were administered with silymarin or T. foliolosum root ethanolic extract for one week. On the fifth day except the control group, all the test animals were administered with 2 g/kg paracetamol to induce hepatotoxicity. The biochemical parameters and histopathological parameters were used to measure hepatoprotective activity of T.foliolosum root ethanolic extract. Behavioral observation, biochemical analysis of serum and histopathological examination of the experimental animals indicated that T. foliolosum root ethanolic extract offer significantly higher hepatoprotection.