Indian Traditional Medicine Research Articles

Health-related quality of life and associated factors among COVID-19 individuals managed with Indian traditional medicine: A cross-sectional study from South India

IntroductionCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) had a multidimensional impact on human life. It affects the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) which is a perceived measure of physical and mental health. We estimated the EuroQol utility value for COVID-19 and the associated factors for those managed at Siddha COVID care centres in Tamil Nadu. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted by a telephonic interview of 2000 randomly selected COVID-19 adults tested positive during June 2020 to Jan 2021. We collected sociodemographic, clinical and EQ-5D-5L profile. Mean EQ-5D-5L summary utility values and EQ-VAS scores were estimated. Multivariate regression was used to examine the factors associated with EQ-5D-5L. Study protocol was approved by the Institutional ethics committee of Government Siddha Medical College, Chennai (GSMC–CH–3401/ME-2/050/2021). The committee waived the written informed consent considering the pandemic situation of emerging infectious diseases. ResultsWe interviewed 1047 participants. Of the total 68% were males with the median age (IQR) of 38 (29–51) years. The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score and EQ-VAS scores are 0.98 ± 0.05 and 92.14 ± 0.39 respectively. COVID-19 asymptomatic group reported a mean utility score of 0.99 ± 0.03 which is relatively more than the symptomatic group (0.97 ± 0.06),. EQ-VAS score was also reported high among the asymptomatic (95.45 ± 5.95) than the symptomatic (91.40 ± 8.69COVID-19. ConclusionThe severity of illness and the comorbidity are significantly associated with a low HRQoL of COVID-19 patients.

A STUDY ON THE FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL HAIR OILS

The traditional medicine of India, Ayurveda, discusses the use of herbals for beauty, which is based on conventional wisdom. An effective and powerful technology in the cosmetics field is herbal cosmetics. There is nothing more ancient than humanity and civilization than the concept of beauty and cosmetics. Therefore, many of them use beauty products which contain herb that order to keep their beauty and youth. Nowadays, organic cosmetics are becoming more accessible to the common people since they are expected to have fewer side effects, as well as an increased level of safety and security. We aim in this study to develop a general-use herbal oil in which a variety of herbs that are readily available to us are utilized and evaluation of the herbal oil formulation was conducted by determining various parameters, such as viscosity, saponification value, pH, etc.

A Comprehensive Study of the Coleus Forskohlii Plants Morphology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Qualities

Abstract: In traditional Indian medicine, the herb Coleus forskohlii is used a lot. Forskolin, a diterpenoid used to treat a wide range of illnesses in ancient Ayurvedic medicine, was taken from this plant. Forskolin is used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, such as eczema, asthma, psoriasis, heart disease, and high blood pressure. It is thought that the loss of cAMP inside of cells is a key factor in the development of a number of diseases. In light of a number of important new findings, this report gives a full description of the plant's shape, location, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, analytical methods, cultivation considerations, and biotechnological approaches for forskolin production. This paper talks about everything from the chemical makeup of plants to how they work in the body to how they can be used as medicine.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Ex Vivo Anticataract Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cordia obliqua Willd

Cordia obliqua has a long history of use in the treatment of cataract and other eye-related problems in Indian traditional medicine. High oxidative stress is one of the major underlying causes of cataract which results in the precipitation of natural protein present in the lenses with aging. This research has been carried out to determine the anti-cataract activity of Cordia obliqua by performing various antioxidant techniques such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide, ABTS radical cation and Ferric reducing antioxidant potential studies in oxidative stress–induced ex vivo cataract model. Results of the study conducted in the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Cordia obliqua revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, etc. Total phenol and total flavonoid content was found to be 53 ± 3.21and 26.12 ± 2.54% respectively, which revealed that the plant contains a good amount of these compounds and hence possesses good antioxidant activity. Furthermore, IC50 values obtained from all the methods gave strong evidence regarding the antioxidant potential of this plant. Anti-cataract activity was also investigated using goat eye lenses and promising results were obtained which speak voluminously about its anti-cataract potential and support its well-prescribed use. Results obtained with this study clearly supported the significant antioxidant potential and anticataract activity of this plant. Further, this plant demands great attention for the development of suitable novel dosage forms for the effective treatment of cataract.
 Keywords: Cordia obliqua, cataract, High oxidative stress

Bakuchiol and its pharmacological benefits

Background and aims: Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower toxicity and higher tolerability relative to chemically synthesized compounds. Bakuchiol is one such compound; it is a type of meroterpene derived from the leaves and seeds of Psoralea corylifolia plants. Natural sources of bakuchiol have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for centuries due to its preventive benefits against tumors and inflammation. It plays a strong potential role as an antioxidant with impressive abilities to remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This review has focused on bakuchiol's extraction, therapeutic applications, and pharmacological benefits. Methods: A search strategy has been followed to retrieve the relevant newly published literature on the pharmacological benefits of bakuchiol. After an extensive study of the retrieved articles and maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 106 articles were finally selected for this review. Results: Strong support of primary research on the protective effects via antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities are delineated. Conclusions: From ancient to modern life, medicinal plants have always been drawing the attention of human beings to alleviate ailments for a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This review is a comprehensive approach to highlighting bona fide essential pharmacological benefits and mechanism of action of therapeutic implications.

Physicochemical and Phytochemicals investigation of Dooshivishari Agada by HPLC

Background: Dooshivishari Agad (DA) is an herbal formulation that has been documented in Indian Traditional Medicine as a remedy for latent poisoning. Objective: this research was conducted to study Physicochemical parameter & Phytochemical analysis of DA by HPLC. Methods: It includes authentication of raw drugs and preparation of DA. Physicochemical parameter was tested by Loss on drying ,Acid insoluble Ash, Water soluble ash, Total ash value, Water & Alcohol soluble Extractive Value. HPLC was used for phytochemical screening. Observation: In analytical study obtained values are Loss on drying 2.54%,Water soluble Ash 1.84%, Acid insoluble Ash 0.5% , Total Ash value 5.20% Water Soluble Extractive Value 16.89%, Acid Soluble Extractive Value 23.94%, pH 5.6.Preliminary data of phytochemical screening revealed that it is rich in phenol compound and terpenoids Conclusion: This study provide the data for standardisation & phytochemical characterisation of DA for its pharmacological action.

Insilico evaluation of pharmacological activities of Kalarchi Chooranam

The Indian traditional medicine practices such as siddha and ayurveda records various medicinal plants for the betterment of human health. Recent reports shows that this system of medicine has potential plants and formulation to treat various diseases and ailments. In the present study, we extracted and prepared the Kalarchi Chooranam of various ratios and chosen 4:1 ratio from our previous work. The aqueous extract of 4:1 ratio Kalarchi Chooranam was subjected to GCMS study and the compounds Inositol, Xanthosine (CAS), alpha.-D-Glucopyranoside, methyl 2,3-bis-O- were identified as lead 3 compounds. The Xanthosine (CAS), alpha.-D-Glucopyranoside, methyl 2,3-bis-O- have passed the drug likeness and ADME properties and further docked against various receptors involved in disease pathogenesis such as cancer (Bcl2, Bcl-X), PCOS (Cyp17, Follistatin), Inflammation & Analgesic (Cox1, Cox2), and Diabetics & Cardiovascular diseases (Er Alpha, Er Beta). The overall study reveals that the compounds have more binding affinities against the poly cystic ovarian syndrome receptors as the Xanthosine showed significant binding energies of -8.9 and -8.2 Kcal/mol and the Alpha.-D-Glucopyranoside, methyl 2,3-bis-O showed -8.2 and -9.7 Kcal/mol against CYP17 and Follistatin. The Kalarchi Chooranam has to be studied more reveal all its pharmacological activities.

Gold Bhasma and Silver Parpam Used in Indian Traditional Medicines. Scientific Validation of their Interaction with Human Cells

Bhasmas in Ayurveda and parpams in Siddha medicine are unique herbo-metallic/mineral preparations, effective remedies, fabricated from highly purified metals, treated with a variety of herbal decoctions and incinerated at high temperatures to, finally, obtain a metal ash, having a significantly reduced size and free of toxic effects. The processing techniques of bhasmas and their use as medicines have been described in ancient texts of Ayurveda such as Rasa Shastra, Charaka Samitha and Sushruta Sambita. It has been emphasized that, while Siddha medicine is close to Ayurveda, Siddha has been closely linked to the Tantric religious movement, traced back to the 6th century AD and it is believed that Alchemy played a more central role in Siddha medicine than in Ayurveda. Some of the most important bhasmas and parpams are briefly described; their fabrication and properties are mentioned. The study of the interaction of gold bhasma and silver parpam with human cells investigated by our group is described in the second part of this work. In this section, the cellular uptake and localization of the gold and silver particles in cancerous and normal cells have been elucidated by using, principally, the hyperspectral imaging method that combines the image with the spectral information.

Role of Noni (Morinda Citrifolia) in Dentistry

For many centuries herbal products were used in Indian traditional medicine for treating a variety of ailments. One such herb was Noni, which was favoured by many physicians because of its excellent healing properties. In this time and age many native medicine has been long forgotten because of modernisation in western medicine and lack of knowledge in traditional medicine. For the last few decades many physicians and modern day researchers have extended their knowledge and researches among these century old healing methods because of their increased medicinal importance with lesser known side effects, economical highly effective to achieve a healthy state. Even though Noni has been commonly used as a health drink supplement and various parts of the plants were used in day to day life, its definite role in dentistry remains unknown. This review explains about the various methods in which Noni has been used in dentistry to treat oral infections.

Effect of education and religion on trends of usage of Ayurvedic medicines

Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine is accepted as the earliest practiced system of medicine in India. Ayurveda remains an integral part of life of the people since time immemorial. We have discussed in review of literature how Ayurveda find its roots in Vedas. In the present study it was observed that nearly 66% people use Ayurveda either as prepared Ayurvedic medicine or as a home remedy. The trend of people opting for Ayurvedic medicines to attain health is also increasing and there is considerable growth of global market of Ayurveda. Present study was undertaken in Derabassi and S.A.S Nagar tehsils of Punjab to oversee the effect of Education and religion on the prevalence of usage of Ayurvedic medicines in these areas. The use of Ayurvedic was moderate in the study areas. The factors that affected use of these products were education and religion. The increased awareness among individuals with higher educational qualifications has increased the usage of products amongst them.

Effect of solvent on the hydrothermal extraction of phytochemicals from Withania somnifera

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a widely used medicinal plant in traditional Indian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy study of the root extract of Withania somnifera obtained using a hydrothermal technique in three different solvents, namely methanol, ethanol, and water. The hydrothermal technique used in this study involves the use of solvent under high pressure and temperature to extract the active compounds from the plant material. The study showed that FTIR analysis of Withania somnifera root extracts obtained in different solvents revealed distinct spectral characteristics indicating the presence of different functional groups and chemical compounds in the extracts. The FTIR spectra of the methanol and ethanol extracts showed intense peaks in the range of 2500–4000 cm−1, indicating the presence of –OH and –NH groups. The water extract showed peaks in the range of 3400–3500 cm−1, indicating the presence of –OH groups. The results of this study suggest that the choice of solvent used in the extraction of Withania somnifera roots has a significant impact on the chemical composition and functional groups present in the extract. The hydrothermal technique used in this study is a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant material. The findings of this study can be used to optimize the extraction process and to develop new herbal formulations for therapeutic applications.

Investigation of the Test–Retest Reliability and Inter-Rater Agreement of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Based Pulse Diagnosis Among Indian Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the test–retest reliability and inter-rater agreement between the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis between two Indian TCM practitioners. Methods: A total of 300 participants were evaluated for their bilateral pulse based on TCM independently by two investigators with similar years of experience but who graduated from different medical schools. The investigators who were blinded diagnosed the participants as per TCM based on the depth, rate, and strength of their pulse. Cronbach α and weighted kappa were used for assessing the reliability and repeatability. Results: The data of all the 300 participants were included in the analysis. The test–retest reliability computed using Cronbach’s alpha indicated high reliability between the investigators (α =0.963). There were a total of 37 different types of diagnoses identified by both investigators. The investigators diagnoses matched for 116 participants out of 300 participants; whereas 184 cases were not matched between the investigators. The inter-rater agreement for the TCM diagnosis tested by weighted Kappa did not returned any significant agreement (Kappa = 0.370). Discussion: The present study shows higher reliability between the pulse diagnoses between the investigators. However, the inter-rater agreement for TCM diagnosis based on pulse diagnosis was not significant probably due to the variation in subjective assessments. This calls for the standardization of training in TCM diagnostic methods among practitioners. Future studies should include the differences in training, medical education, and experience among the practitioners while determining the reliability of pulse diagnosis.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from Kydia calycina and in-silico molecular docking studies of some phytochemicals

Drug-resistant microorganisms are a serious problem, particularly when more strains become immune to different antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance has now developed in several microbes. Therefore, it is crucial to build new medications that are still efficient. The amount of funding that is often available for such progress is lower than what is necessary. Kydia calycina is a Malvaceae flowering plant used in traditional Indian medicine to cure several diseases, including infections. The goal of this study was to determine whether K. Calycina has antifungal and antibacterial properties. Infections are caused by the profusion of microbes in the environment; thus, plant products and active chemicals are employed to assess the antimicrobial property of the extracts and the inhibition zone of each extract on a range of bacterial and fungal strains. The results showed that when it was applied to the species that were studied, there was a considerable decrease in the growth of bacteria. The plant was subjected to a phytochemical analysis, which was completed. This plant may be employed in the quest for bioactive natural substances that might be used as leads in the creation of pharmaceuticals. The antimicrobial mechanism of action was investigated by molecular docking, and it was determined that Hibiscoquinone B and Hibiscone C showed both antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Marching towards Amritkaal @G20 with Ayurveda – The Soft Power of India

We the Indians are fortunate to have G20 presidency this year i.e., 2023. India has lot to contribute to improve world’s economy by achieving sustainable development goals. Indian knowledge system of Ayurveda which is soft power of India is capable of achieving universal health. G20 is a platform to showcase the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda which is not only meant for human beings but also for animals, plants & environment. Ayurveda the traditional Indian system of medicine which is in our culture has the potential to become future medicine of the world. As the latest researches in conventional medicine & IT sector are only decoding the scientific aspects of the Ayurvedic fundamental concepts. As Ayurveda science has unique description of human body which is the latest global trend in research like Artificial intelligence and machine learning is indulged to know the complex description of human body as mentioned in ancient texts. Similarly, science of epigenetics has revealed the interaction of environment and their impact on human genes which was already described in traditional texts of India. The latest global research trend of merging ancient wisdom of subtle body with the science of quantum physics to bring wellness through integrative quantum health is achieving many mile stones. The science of bioinformatics and Ayurveda (Ayurinformatics) has already done a marvellous work for in silico molecular finding for Covid-19 which has proven the potential of Traditional Indian medicine in dreadful pandemic.

A Review on Biological Activities of Indian Traditional Medicinal Plant: Calotropis Gigantea

India, which is aptly referred to as the world's botanical garden, is the country that produces the most medicinal herbs. The Apocynaceae/Asclepiadaceae family member, Calotropis gigantea sometimes known as the Crown Flower, has special therapeutic characteristics that can be used on its own or in combination with other drugs to treat common illnesses. There is a surprising therapeutic diversity in herbal medications. Entire dried plant is employed as rejuvenating, parasitic worm expellers and mucus explusors in ayurveda. While latex of it cures vertigo, baldness, hair loss, and rheumatoid arthritis, and to treat asthma root in dry form is used, leprosy. Calotropis is employed as a homoeopathic remedy in addition to its conventional purposes. Significant medicinal benefits can be obtained from the plant's extracts from its many components. It is necessary to objectively investigate these treatments in order to determine their active principles and comprehend their pharmacological properties, such as prophylactic protective, NSAID, antibacterial, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, antiulcer ,helps in treating Covid-19, antimalarial, antipyretic, wound healing activity, cytotoxic properties, anti-asthmatic , procoagulant , CNS and anticonvulsant activity, pregnancy interceptive, anticancer, analgesic, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, insecticidal, and hepatoprotective. It provides data about the mythical importance, herbal relevance, origin, pharmacogenetic illustration, herbal constituents, biological activities, and ethnopharmacological noteworthiness of Calotropis gigantea is summarized in the current review.

Development and validation of a self-assessment tool to determine Prakriti, the human constitution types of Indian traditional medicine

Development and validation of a self-assessment tool to determine Prakriti, the human constitution types of Indian traditional medicine

Determination of quality standards and evaluation of In vitro Antibacterial activity of Kanchanara Guggulu: An ayurvedic formulation

Introduction: Ayurveda is one of the most renowned Indian traditional health-care systems and has been adopted globally in recent decades. In Ayurveda Kanchanara guggulu (KG) tablet is one of the Indian traditional medicines used in the treatment of various indications such as tonsilitis, cyst, abdominal lump, and fistula-in-ano. Methods: In the present study, KG tablet was prepared and standardized on basis of physical, physico-chemical properties, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint, and phytochemical analysis. Heavy metal test of lead, arsenic, mercury, and cadmium was carried out to confirm the permissible limit as per the AYUSH and WHO standards. The antibacterial activity of the KG tablet was evaluated on two human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The heavy metal limit was found below the limit of quantification and within the allowable limit as per the AYUSH and WHO standards. The tablet showed comparable antimicrobial activity against both strains. The tablets were found to be having satisfactory quality parameters such as hardness, disintegration test, and friability values as per the pharmacopeia standards. Conclusion: The tested parameters based on the present study can be used as a reference approach for quality control of KG formulation. The HPTLC study was found to be an effective tool for quality control of herbal formulation to check the inter-batch batch consistency of the formulation. The antimicrobial activity against human pathogens substantiates its traditional uses.

MiRNA-15/IL-10Rα axis promotes Kabasura Kudineer (Indian traditional Siddha formulation) induced immunomodulation by suppressing oxidative stress

Ethnopharmacological relevanceKabasura Kudineer (KK), the traditional Indian medicine of Siddha, effectively manages common respiratory symptoms such as flu, cold, and fever. However, there is no evidence of the immunomodulatory capacity of KK in the cultured Jurkat T-lymphocytes under the LPS insult studied. Aim of the studyAssess the effect of the traditional Indian medicine of Siddha, Kabasura Kudineer (KK) on immunomodulation by suppressing oxidative damage in cultured Jurkat T cells in vitro. The miRNA activity on anti-inflammatory gene receptors and cellular nitric oxide levels also was studied. Materials and methodsJurkat T cells were exposed to LPS treatment in the presence or absence of KK. Cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) were measured with MTT and Griess assay. Cellular antioxidant systems (glutathione and SOD) were determined using glutathione and SOD assay. Lipid peroxidation was measured using an MDA assay. MiRNA-15a-5p expression was performed using microRNA qPCR Assays. Both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-1, IL-10, IL-13) were performed using a qPCR and ELISA assay. ResultsThe data showed that reduced cell proliferation and exaggerated NO production was observed in LPS treated condition compared to the control condition. Further, LPS treatment increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and glutathione) in cultured Jurkat T cells. However, treatment with KK or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; antioxidant) treatment mitigates the above effect. Mechanistically, LPS-induced oxidative stress upregulated miR- 15-5p expression and suppressed IL-10 Receptor alpha (IL-10Rα) by binding to its 3′-UTR region. The deregulated expression of IL-10Rα expression leads to increased IL-6 and IL-1β expression in LPS-induced Jurkat T cells; however, treatment with KK or NAC reversed the above effects. ConclusionCollectively, our study revealed the previously undefined mechanistic role of Kabasura Kudineer (KK) that alleviates the LPS-induced oxidative damage associated with inflammation by inhibiting the miRNA-15-5p/IL-10Rα axis.

A therapeutic approach of trigonella foenum graceum – a brief overview

Trigonella foenum graceum has a place in the fabaceae family fenugreek. It is composed of a variety of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, free fatty acids and lipids, vitamins, minerals mucilage and fibres. Trigonella foenum graceum have hepatoprotective activity, antioxidant activity, mast cell stabilizing activity, anticancer activity, antibacterial activity, cardioprotective effect and antigenotoxic activity. Traditional medicine in India and other parts of the globe has used Trigonella foenum graceum as carminative, lactation stimulant, laxative, antidiabetic effect, hypocholesterolemic influence, antioxidant potency, digestive stimulant action and hepatoprotective effect.

Phytochemical analysis and therapeutic properties of medicinal plants Crocus sativus: saffron

Crocus sativus Linn (Iridaceae) is well-known for its various domestic and medicinal uses throughout the tropics and subtropics. This plant is helpful because it contains various compounds, including crocetin, crocin, and other flavonoids, which may be used to cure various illnesses. These compounds, particularly crocin, have depressive and anti-inflammatory characteristics, as well as anticancer, analgesic, and other therapeutic effects on various areas of the body, including the heart, respiratory system, genital-urinary system, and central nervous system. According to research and observations, chemoprevention, cell proliferation, antioxidant and obesity effects, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and anti-inflammatory processes all have a role in saffron's involvement in treating various food allergies. Since ancient times, saffron has been utilized in traditional medicine in India and other Asian nations. Chemical compounds have been researched for a range of qualities, with many studies focusing on the chemicals found in, or even the medicinal components of, plants.