Traditional Blade Research Articles

Research on the Improvement of Technology of Low Pressure Loss and Wide Range Swirlmeter

This paper mainly introduces the technical parameters and the structure of low pressure loss and wide range swirlmeter. We redesigned the vortex generator of swirlmeter and changed the traditional spiral blade to linear blade. The included angle between the blade and the axis was reduced from 60 degrees to 30 degrees, which can increase the flow area and reduce the pressure loss. We converted the blade from stainless steel to the shape of isometric changed curve, and the frequency detection sensor is designed to four piezoelectric crystal sheet, the pressure loss is lower than that of spiral vortex generator. The test results show that the pressure loss of improved swirlmeter is decreased and the lower limit of measurement is reduced.

Sistem Prevensi School Violence di Madura Berbasis Galtung Conflict Triangle

School violence may be understood as the threat or use of physical force with the intention to cause physical injury, damage of property or intimidation of another person at school. School violence is also violence that happens outside school as a result of a social interaction among the students. With regards to their prevention, many theories and propositions have been introduced including that of Conflict Triangle theory by Johan Galtung. This paper is aimed at analyzing school violence in Madura by using this theory as a general framework of analysis. The paper will begin by providing a general overview of both the theory and the so-called carok tradition of Madura; a tradition of self-defense using traditional blade which often involves killing. Upon highlighting school violence in this island, the paper will then move on by suggesting that in order to delegitimize this violence, one must speak of preventive programs at practical level, and of deconstructing the cultural strength of carok tradition at the discursive one. We assume that once the carok tradition is being deconstructed, one would loose the cultural legitimacy of committing violence. In Madura violence is often legitimated by the culture and tradition of carok. To eradicate violence is therefore to get rid of carok tradition in the first place.

Actuator disc modelling based on aerodynamic data extraction from direct rotor modelling of the NREL Phase VI turbine

Traditional blade element momentum (BEM) methods based on two-dimensional data are unable to accurately predict blade forces and thus are unreliable when used in actuator discs to predict wind turbine wake profiles. This can be circumvented by extracting relevant force and velocity data from direct modelling simulations or experiments, which are almost certainly used in the design process of a wind turbine. Methods developed by Bak et al. in 1999 to extract cross-sectional aerodynamic data from wind turbines included one based on an inverse BEM method, and an actuator disc-based method, which used the exact pressure drop for each specific wind speed to create a model of pressure drop against local velocities. The present work will thus investigate the accuracy of actuator disc models based on direct rotor modelling data, by creating actuator discs through extraction of the induction factors using the methods described earlier, for the NREL Phase VI rotor.

Design of New Flexible Spiral Conveying Mechanism and Experimental Device

Screw conveyor is widely used in food packaging field. This paper puts forward a new kind of flexible blades of screw conveyor, to replace the traditional rigid helical blade. Based on the theory of compliant mechanism, the motion are analyzed when the flexible screw blade works. Based on the medium mechanics theory related, The interaction between flexible screw and material relations are analyzed, and the mathematical model of power consumption and transmission capacity are established. The work process of flexible screw working process is simulated with discrete element software EDEM. The result verified the theory is correct.

Characterization of the pore structure and clay orientation in curtain coating layers using SEM and image analysis

High-speed curtain coating technology is of interest to the paper industry because it can be used to coat paper and paperboard with high-solids colors without using a mechanical metering device that contacts the running web. This premetered coating process avoids the numerous problems, and consequently defects, associated with high shear conditions during metering. Moreover, curtain coating provides excellent coverage and uniform coating. Despite the growing use of this application process, however, very little research has been reported on the structural characteristics of curtain coating layers. In this study, we analyzed the coating structure of commercially produced curtain coated linerboards and papers. Coating structure was characterized using a cross section image analysis technique. Structural parameters of curtain coated papers, such as pore size distribution, particle orientation, and evenness of coating thickness, were evaluated and compared with traditional blade coated papers and film coated papers. Results showed that curtain coating provides a bulkier and more porous structure. Clay particles were aligned more randomly in curtain coating layers, which also showed good coating coverage and uniform coating thickness.

A comparison of reversed locking compression-distal femoral plates and blade plates in osteotomies for young adult hip pathology

The aim of this study was to compare fixation of proximal femoral osteotomies using reverse contralateral LCP-Distal Femoral Plates (LCP-DF) with the more traditional blade plate technique. This was a retrospective review over six years of a single surgeon's practice within a tertiary orthopaedic unit. Patient demographics were collected, along with indication for surgery. Radiological outcomes, fixation failures and the need for revision surgery were recorded. Forty-six patients were identified; 23 patients in the LCP-DF plate group (7 females, 16 males. Mean age 18.3 years old) and 23 patients in the blade plate group (6 females, 17 males. Mean age 19.1 years old). The patients' presenting conditions were; 26 Perthes'; eight hip dysplasia; 11 slipped capital femoral epiphysis; one fibrous dysplasia. Osteotomy type included; 13 Double osteotomy, 11 Imhauser; 13 pure valgus; eight valgus + rotation; There was one revision for implant failure in the LCP-DF group. In the blade plate group, there were four implant failures--three requiring revision operations (p = 0.155). In the LCP-DF group the mean neck-shaft angle difference compared to the contralateral side (if normal) or 135 degrees (if abnormal) was 0.58°. In the condylar plate group the mean difference was 4.37°. The use of a contralateral LCP-DF plate in the reverse contralateral position to stabilise proximal femoral osteotomies in our cohort confers advantages over blade plate technology. We have found that the plate is stiffer, is easier to use and provides increased screw placement options over standard proximal femoral locking plates.

Multi Beam Low-κ Grooving Evaluation of various removal principals

Over the years the singulation of semiconductor wafers with a low-κ top structures has become a challenge in the production process of integrated circuits. With the traditional blade dicing process serious yield issues are encountered. These problems can be addressed by applying a laser grooving process before the blade dicing. However, these processes are slow or generate a significant heat impact on the wafer. In this article the special ALSI multi beam technology is presented which makes a high productivity grooving process possible with a very limited heat affected zone.

Influence of Use of Wiper Blades Upon Surface Roughness in Machining of Austenitic Stainless Steel

Abstract The paper presents evaluation of possibilities of use of Wiper blades for machining of austenitic stainless steel. It presents information relating to geometry of Wiper blades. It also describes in detail testing conditions focusing upon description of the tested material and presenting testing stations. Next, it presents results of experimental tests on turning of 0H18N9 steel with the use of rhomboid and triangular inserts with traditional geometry and Wiper blades. On the basis of the surface roughness tests, efficiency of use of Wiper blades was determined and it was determined, how the positive influence of geometry of Wiper blades upon surface roughness changes with the change of machining parameters.

Penetrating keratoplasty using femtosecond laser-enabled keratoplasty with zig-zag incisions versus a mechanical trephine in patients with keratoconus

Background/aimsThis paper will compare the visual outcomes of two different penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) techniques in patients with keratoconus. It is a retrospective comparative surgical case series of 116 keratoconus patients...

Improved Blade Tip Timing in Blade Vibration Monitoring with Torsional Vibration of the Rotor

Due to the complex conditions in rotating machinery, the blades usually encounter fluctuating loads, and failures may occur in the operation. Blade vibration is rarely monitored in the practical rotating machinery in power plants as the traditional blade vibration method using strain gauge method is hard to be applied in long-time and online monitoring. The blade tip timing method is a promising approach to monitor the blade vibration and several special sensors are developed to realize the online monitoring. Based on the traditional blade tip timing method, an improved approach is established in this work. The proposed method can modify the expected arriving time when the torsional vibration exists. The accuracy is therefore improved in the torsional vibration case. Then the blade vibration monitoring with the traditional blade tip timing method and the proposed method are carried out in the test rig in laboratory. The results validate that, the torsional vibration influences the expected arriving time, and the proposed method can modify the expected arriving time and improve the accuracy of the blade vibration monitoring.

Comparison between Single & Multi Beam Laser Grooving of Low-K layers

The traditional blade dicing technology has gone through an impressive evolution keeping up with quality, cost and miniaturization requirements that the semiconductor technology roadmaps introduced and specified. However, since wafer technologies have dropped below 90nm node and low k materials were introduced it became clear that blade dicing evolution came to an end and expensive hybrid solutions such as combined laser grooving processes and blade dicing technologies were required to achieve the desired product reliability. Similar situations have been seen with the ongoing trend to thinner wafer that are needed for miniaturization, 3D packaging and IC performance improvements. To achieve sufficient mechanical strength, complex dicing technologies and sequences have been introduced which do not respond to the requirements for current and near future technologies. This paper will discuss the low-k grooving process by laser pulses for IC wafers. The low-K laser grooving technology allows semiconductor manufacturers to execute the technology roadmap and continue to comply with Moore's law in an efficient manner. In specific this paper will elaborate on the comparison study made between the single beam and multi beam low-K grooving process. Together with a large IDM customer a comparison has been done to determine the results on quality, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), productivity and yield.

Measurement of twist deflection in active twist rotor

Since the early days of rotary wing aircrafts the unsteady flow conditions in the rotor disk and unbalanced masses are causing intense vibratory loads and noise. Even modern helicopters still suffer from these drawbacks. This diminishes the ride quality as well as the public acceptance of rotary wing aircrafts. Further on the vibrations present a physical load for the pilot which reduces his concentration and can therefore not be neglected. Hence in the past there were numerous attempts to overcome these drawbacks. One of the most promising approaches evolved from a secondary control of the swash plate to an additional pitch angle of individual rotor blades applied at the blade root and further on to the control of the individual deformation of blades. The last step in this evolution became an option when smart materials like piezoceramics were used as actuators in the passive structure of traditional rotor blades. Since the actuators and their field of application are quite new, their capability to perform under strong centrifugal loads has to be proven. Within this work one concept for the active deformation of rotor blades will be presented. The evaluation of active twist blades under centrifugal loads is quite a challenge. Ether the data has to be acquired in the rotating frame and transmitted outside or the data has to be captured from outside, which demands a great deal of the sensors due to the high speed of the rotation. This investigation focuses on the design and evaluation of different measuring concepts to deliver reliable data of the blade actuation in the rotating system under full centrifugal loads. Most interesting is the determination of the blade tip twist angle.

S051044 動的解析による風車挙動に対する強制加振の影響評価([S05104]自然の流体エネルギー利用技術(風力,水力,波力)(4))

In this paper, we tried to estimate the effect of control method on floating offshore wind turbine. In order to calculate the motion of wind turbine, we used aeroelastic simulation using GH Bladed. Turbine model is based on the turbine used in wind tunnel test. To simulate the pitching motion of floating platform, we used onshore wind turbine model with inflow with oscillating wind speed that simulates relative wind speed change from wind turbine's fore-aft pitching motion. Two types of control method are used; fixed pitch variable speed control which represents before rated state of large wind turbines and variable pitch variable speed control which represents over rated state of large wind turbines. Comparing the relation between wind speed change and rotor thrust force change of two control methods, we made it clear that traditional blade pitch control method make thrust force change almost the inverse of wind speed increase and decrease. From thrust force inverse to wind speed change, tower pitching motion can be amplified. That is, blade pitch control can induce negative damping on tower pitching motion. As a conclusion pitch control can increase larger blade load although pitch control aims to reduce the blade load.

First Multi Beam Full Cut Laser Dicing of Thin Low K Wafers

The traditional blade dicing technology has gone through an impressive evolution keeping up with quality, cost and miniaturization requirements that the semiconductor technology roadmaps introduced and specified. However, since wafer technologies have dropped below 90nm node and low k materials were introduced it became clear that blade dicing evolution came to an end and expensive hybrid solutions such as combined laser grooving processes and blade dicing technologies were required to achieve the desired product reliability. Similar situations have been seen with the ongoing trend to thinner wafer that are needed for miniaturization, 3D packaging and IC performance improvements. To achieve sufficient mechanical strength, complex dicing technologies and sequences have been introduced which do not respond to the requirements for current and near future technologies. The paper will discuss how a multi beam process will play a dominant role to achieve requirements from semiconductor industry.

Study on Material Selection and Manufacturing Process of Wind Turbine Blades

The materials and structural characteristics of several kinds of wind turbine blades are introduced and analyzed as well as the advantages and disadvantages of blades composites in this paper. Then the manufacturing technologies between traditional and high-quality composite wind turbine blades are studied and compared in this paper.

Performance of the New C-MAC Video Laryngoscope

The Storz C-MAC video laryngoscope is a traditional Macintosh blade laryngoscope that has been modified near the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the blade with the addition of a digital video camera, which transmits an image of the glottic view to a portable LCD monitor. Researchers in Germany report early …

Blade, film, and curtain coating techniques and their influence on paper surface characteristics

Curtain coating is a promising high-precision coating technique with a wide variety of possible applications. It has been used in the production of specialty papers since the 1990s and is now being introduced for the production of graphic paper and board grades. This study compares the curtain coating technique with the more traditional blade and film coating techniques with regard to the surface characteristics of the coated paper. A 38-g/m2 lightweight coated (LWC) base paper was pilot-coated using the three different coating techniques. The coated papers were studied using a combination of novel and traditional surface characterization methods with respect to a number of paper properties, including optical properties, roughness, coat weight distribution, and compression uniformity. We found that curtain coating gave the most uniform coat weight, but at the same time the roughest surface. Because of the gentle application of the coating onto the base paper, the bulk was well preserved, and the paper was more compressible than both the blade- and film-coated papers.

Magnus wind turbines as an alternative to the blade ones

Experimental and calculated data on a wind turbine equipped with rotating cylinders instead of traditional blades are reported. Optimal parameters and the corresponding operational characteristics of the windwheel are given in comparison with those of the blade wind turbines.

Transient hand paresthesias in Champagne vineyard workers.

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hand paresthesias (HP) and their relationship with pruning activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 537 workers pruning grapevines in the region of Champagne. All workers completed a questionnaire about nocturnal HP and musculoskeletal pain during the preceding 12-month period. The 12-month prevalence of nocturnal HP and hand-wrist pain were 37 and 12%, respectively. HP, predominantly affecting the dominant hand, only began during the pruning period and ended after the pruning season in 90% of cases. HP were transient in most cases, with a mean duration of symptoms of 3.3 +/- 3.2 months. Risk factors associated with HP were: female gender (OR = 2.3 [1.3-3.0]), being overweight (OR = 1.6 [1.1-2.5]), payment on a piecework basis (OR = 2.0 [1.2-2.3]) and traditional blade sharpening method (OR = 1.7 [1.1-2.7]). HP were less frequent in employees who used electric pruning shears (OR = 0.5 [0.2-1.6], P = 0.09). The development of HP, which affected a third of employees, was different from HP observed in industrial workers since most vineyard workers recovered without medical treatment after the pruning season.

The near wake of a model horizontal-axis wind turbine—I. Experimental arrangements and initial results

This paper is the first of a series describing measurements in the near wake of a small horizontal-axis wind turbine over a range of tip speed ratios. The primary aim was to document the formation and development of the three-dimensional near-wake; this was done at six axial locations within two chord lengths of the blades. This paper describes the experimental arrangements, the measurement techniques based on hot-wire anemometry, and the results which relate directly to the simple wake models that lead, for instance, to the Betz limit and are used in traditional blade element theory. Later papers will describe the complex, three-dimensional flow field, the properties of the tip vortices, and the process by which the hub “vortices” may diffuse to form a cylindrical vortex sheet. For the conditions giving the largest power coefficient, the bound circulation of the blade is approximately constant with radius and the velocity distribution immediately behind a blade is similar to that behind an aerofoil with the same circulation. This good agreement with aerofoil behaviour extends to the highest tip speed ratio measured. At the lowest tip speed ratio, the turbulence level in the wake is very high, suggesting separation from the blades which are operating at high angles of attack. It is also shown that the three-dimensionality does not contribute significantly to the balance of angular momentum in the wake. There is evidence that increasing amounts of angular momentum reside in the tip vortices as the tip speed ratio increases.