Toxicity In Albino Mice Research Articles

Assessment of Anti-Hepatotoxic Effect of Bahuinia tomentosa Linn against Paracetamol induced Hepatocellular Damage In Albino Mice

In today’s modern world the chemical induced hepatotoxicity is one huge threat to human life, even the drugs which have easy accessibility and availability are also produces side effects, when they are used irrationally, so the need for antidote from herbal industry is a common factor. Bauhinia tomentosa Linn belongs to fabaceae, considered as one such potential agent which constitutes wide range of chemical compounds which has therapeutic as well as antidote effect. In this study Bahuinia tomentosa Linn was extracted with ethyl alcohol and the prepared ethanolic extract was evaluated for its hepato protective effect against Acetaminophen induced hepato toxicity in albino mice. The biochemical estimation, histo pathological studies are served as index for the assessment of hepatoprotective activity. Modification in body and liver weight, proteins, levels of biomarkers, antioxidant enzymes along with histopatological variations of extract treated groups were compared with standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. Marked hepatoprotective activity was noticed in extract treated groups in dose dependent manner. The study results revealed the antihepatato toxic effect of Bauhinia tomentosa Linn and recommended as an excellent natural source of drug in the treatment of acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DOLICHANDRONE ATROVIRENS (ROTH) LEAF EXTRACTS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic property of the leaves of the Dolichandrone atrovirens (D. atrovirens) The chloroform and ethanolic extracts of leaves were analysed for their phytochemical constituents by phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography studies. The acute toxicity in albino mice showed no clinical signs of toxicity in the 2000 mg kg-1 dose administration orally. The extracts were orally administered to the group of animals to study the neuropharmacology activity, such as sleep induced by drugs methods, spontaneous motor co-ordination, locomotor activity, hole board test and light dark test. The extracts significantly (p<0.001) prolonged the sleeping time of mice, reduced motor co-ordination and anxiety. The results obtained from these experimental models confirmed that chloroform and ethanolic extracts of leaves of D. atrovirens possess central nervous depressant activity and anxiolytic activity. The ethanolic extract shows better activity compared to chloroform extract.

Determination of in vivo biological activities of Dodonaea viscosa flowers against CCL4 toxicity in albino mice with bioactive compound detection

Dodonaea viscosa L.Jacq. is an evergreen shrub and native to Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has been used as traditional medicine in different countries. The foremost objective of the current study was to discover the protective potential of D. viscosa flowers Methanol (DVM) and Chloroform (DVC) extracts against CCL4 induced toxicity in mice. This study was intended to identify phytochemicals through HPLC, GCMS, and FT-IR, as well as in vitro antioxidant and in vitro anti-tuberculosis activity. Our comprehensive findings indicate that Dodonaea viscosa is valuable and widespread herbal medicine through therapeutic potentials for curing various ailments. Dodonaeaviscosa flowersare found to have a protective effect against oxidative stress produced by CCL4 in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The intake of DV extracts restored the level of hepatic enzymes (ALP, AST ALT, and Direct bilirubin), hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets), total protein, and liver antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) after a decline in levels by CCL4. Histopathological results discovered the defensive effect of 300 mg/kg of DVM extract against CCL4 induced damage, thus having an improved protective effect compared to DVC and control. As a result of metabolite screening, the total flavonoids and total phenolics were present in abundance. A phytochemical investigation by HPLC identified gallic acid, epicatechin, cumeric acid, flavonoids, while GCMS estimated oleic acid (Octadecenoic acid) (C18H34O2), Stearic acid (C18H36O2), Ricinoleic acid (C18H34O3), and Cedrol (C15H26O). DVM extract exhibited resistance against in vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. So this study proposed that the protective effect of DV against oxidative damage induced in the liver, kidney, and spleen can be correlated to the antioxidant compounds.

Bisphenol A-induced Alterations in Different Stages of Spermatogenesis and Systemic Toxicity in Albino Mice (Mus musculus).

Background.Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to alter sperm morphology, but information is limited on the most susceptible stage(s) of spermatogenesis, especially in mice.Objectives.This study investigated the reproductive, biochemical, and hematological changes caused by exposure to BPA in male albino mice. The genotoxicity of BPA to the six stages of spermatogenesis in mice was determined.Methods.Mice were exposed orally to BPA at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/kg bw doses for 5 days and assessed for sperm morphology after 35 days. Based on the result, the second group of mice was exposed to BPA at 1.0 mg/kg bw dose for 5 days, their spermatozoa were assessed for sperm morphology based on BPA exposure at the 6 maturation stages of spermatogenesis: spermatozoa, elongating spermatids, round spermatids, secondary spermatocytes, primary spermatocytes, and spermatogonia. Biochemical and hematological analyses of the blood of exposed mice were also carried out.Results.The results showed that BPA induced concentration-dependent, significantly (p<0.05) increased sperm cell abnormalities at three of the four concentrations tested, with the exception of 0.5 mg/kg bw, in comparison with the negative control. The highest frequency of sperm aberrations was induced in spermatozoa exposed to BPA while at the primary spermatocytes. The order of induced sperm abnormality at the different stages of exposure was: primary spermatocytes > elongating spermatids > spermatozoa > spermatogonia > round spermatids > secondary spermatocytes. The results of the biochemical analysis showed significantly (p<0.05) increased serum urea, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities with a concomitant decrease in total protein content at the various stages of spermatogenesis. In addition, the results for hematological parameters showed several significant (p<0.05) modulations in mice exposed to BPA.Conclusions.These data showed that BPA is most toxic to primary spermatocytes and alterations of biochemical and hematological parameters might be the mechanisms of induced toxicity.Ethics Approval.The Research Ethics Committee, Federal University of Technology, Akure approved the study protocols.Competing Interests.The authors declare no competing financial interests

CURCUMIN PROTECTION AGAINST CADMIUM CHLORIDE-INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN LUNGS OF SWISS ALBINO MICE

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced toxicity in lungs of albino mice.&#x0D; Methods: Albino mice were divided into eight groups and five mice were kept in each group. The experiment was carried out for 15 and 45 days. Group 1 mice were kept as control. Group 2 mice were given an oral dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of cadmium chloride on alternate days. Group 3 mice were administered an oral dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of cadmium chloride on alternate days and 100 mg/kg body weight of curcumin daily. Group 4 mice were received an oral dose of 100 mg/kg body weight of curcumin daily. Autopsies were done on 15 and 45 days post-treatment.&#x0D; Results: The results of the present study showed a significant decrease in organ weight at both the intervals. Biochemical analysis showed decline in total glycogen, cholesterol, and protein concentration in lung of cadmium chloride-treated mice. Furthermore, the cadmium chloride concentration in cadmium chloride-treated group was increased in comparison to the control group. However, the treatment with curcumin ameliorated cadmium chloride-induced changes in lung tissue as it instigated the antioxidant enzymes remarkably. However, cotreatment of cadmium chloride with curcumin boosted the changes due to cadmium chloride.&#x0D; Conclusion: Hence, we concluded that curcumin has protective efficacy in the lungs against the cadmium chloride generated toxicity in albino mice.

In Vivo Hepato-Nephroprotective Role of Nigella sativa Seed Extract Against Lead Nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] Induced Toxicity in Albino Mice

In this study, toxic effects of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] and the hepato-nephroprotective role of Nigella sativa seed extract (NSSE) against toxicity were studied in albino mice. For this aim, mice were randomly divided into six groups as: Group I treated with tap water, Group II: 300 mg kg-1 bw NSSE, Group III: 600 mg kg-1 bw NSSE, Group IV: 500 mg kg-1 bw Pb(NO3)2, Group V: 300 mg kg-1 bw NSSE+500 mg kg-1 bw Pb(NO3)2, Group VI: 600 mg kg-1 bw NSSE+500 mg kg-1 bw Pb(NO3)2. After experimental procedure the changes in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) levels of blood serum, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of liver and kidney tissues were investigated. And also histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues were studied. At result, significant increases were observed in BUN, creatinine, ALT, AST levels of mice treated with Pb(NO3)2. GSH levels were decreased, MDA levels were increased in kidney and liver tissues after Pb(NO3)2 treatment. In histopathological examinations binucleated cell, karyomegaly, stellate cell and bilirubin pigment deposit were observed in liver tissue while hyaline cast, thickening of the basement membrane, albumonid content and inflammatory leukocytes were observed in kidney tissue in Group IV. NSSE treatment in Group V and VI was ameliorated the toxic changes in level of serum parameters, GSH and MDA levels and histopathological damages of tested tissues. As a result, it was determined that NSSE decreases hepato-nephrotoxicity with a dose dependent manner induced by Pb(NO3)2 and leads to an improvement associated with its components.

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effect of Piper aduncum L. against Sodium Fluoride (NaF)-Induced Toxicity in Albino Mice.

Piper aduncum, commonly known as matico, is a plant that grows in the mountainous and coastal regions of Peru, and is studied for its antimicrobial properties and various ethnopharmacological uses. The main objective of this study was to determine the cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract of Piper aduncum leaves in Mus musculus previously administered with sodium fluoride (NaF) using the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay. The extract was administrated orally in four different concentrations: 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/Kg for ten days. At the 11th day, a single dose of NaF was administrated via intraperitoneal at 20 mg/Kg. The genotoxicity study was performed with mice from the strain BALB/c, using the Micronucleus test on bone marrow and the Comet assay on peripheral blood according to OECD guidelines 474 and 489, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed by median analysis with ANOVA. Significant differences were found in Micronucleus frequency between the highest concentrations of Piper aduncum and NaF. The Comet assay showed significant reduction of NaF-induced damage on erythrocytes depending on the different concentrations of the extract which were evaluated in this study. It is concluded that the methanolic extract of P. aduncum leaves has cytoprotective and antioxidant activity against sodium fluoride.

Study of the action of nanostructured sapropel at different doses on the morphological and functional condition of the gastrointestinal tract in albino mice

A nanostructured sapropel with a particle size of 45.0–180.0 nm has been manufactured by ultrasonic impact on sapropel. While studying its acute oral toxicity in albino mice, a safe dose of 0.3 g/kg of body weight is determined. A single intragastric administration at doses of 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 g/kg of body weight reveals a dose-dependent character of intoxication symptoms. A dose of 3.0 g/kg of body weight is sublethal. During a diagnostic autopsy of mice treated with nanostructured sapropel at a dose of 0.3 g/kg, we observed the enhancement of physiological processes of the secretory activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Histological examination shows a moderate secretion of mucus and the integrity of the surface epithelial cells of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Acute catarrhal inflammation of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum is observed in mice that receive the preparation at a dose of 1.8 g/kg. A focal deformation of the surface epithelial cells with the preservation of their cytology and adhesion of the sapropel conglomerates by mucus are revealed by microscopic examination. Catarrhal-hemorrhagic esophagitis, gastritis, and duodenitis are observed in mice treated with the nanostructured sapropel at a dose of 3.0 g/kg. During a histological examination of the gastrointestinal tract in the areas of contact with nanostructured sapropel, thinning and disruption of mucosal integrity, desquamation, and lysis of epithelial cells are found.

Naringenin Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Toxicity through the Abrogation of Oxidative Stress in Swiss Albino Mice.

The present study evaluates the protective potential of the flavonoid naringenin (NRG) against experimentally induced cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Swiss albino mice. NRG (4 and 8 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice 30 min before oral administration of CdCl2 (12 mg/kg) for 11 consecutive days. On the 12th day, we evaluated body and organ weights, hematological profiles, serum biochemical profiles, and hepatic and renal tissue antioxidative parameters including lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Cotreatment with NRG markedly and significantly normalized body and organ weights, hematological profiles, and serum biochemical profiles and significantly modulated all of the hepatic and renal tissue biochemical parameters in Cd-intoxicated mice. The present findings show that NRG possesses a remarkable alleviative effect against Cd-induced toxicity in albino mice, mediated by abrogation of Cd-induced oxidative stress by multiple mechanisms.

&lt;I&gt;Bacopa monniera&lt;/I&gt; Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Attenuates Oxidative Stress Induced by Aluminum in Albino Mice

In the recent years usage of nanomedicine plays a promising strategy in the improvement of medical treatment. The ecofriendly synthesized silver nanoparticles has introduced a new opportunity to increase the efficacy of drug by reducing its side effects. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant property of Bacopa monniera stabilized silver nanoparticles against aluminum induced toxicity in albino mice. Forty male albino mice were randomly divided into five groups. First group was treated as control, second group received aluminum acetate (5 mg/kg b . w), third group received Bacopa monniera extract (5 mg/kg b . w), fourth group received BmSNPs (5 mg/kg b . w), fifth group received aluminum acetate plus BmSNPs. Exposure to aluminum acetate significantly increased lipid peroxidation levels with a significant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the brain, liver and kidney of mice. Degenerative changes were also observed in brain, liver and kidney of aluminum treated mice. No significant changes in the oxidative stress were observed in the Bacopa monniera and BmSNPs alone treated mice. Whereas, co-administration of BmSNPs to Al treated mice showed a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels with a significant increase of SOD, CAT and GPx indicating the antioxidant potential of nanoparticles and in counteracting Al induced oxidative stress and histological response in male albino mice. These findings clearly implicate that BmSNPs are able to eradicate the oxidative stress and prevent the tissue damage in aluminum exposed mice.

β-Carotene Ameliorates Arsenic-Induced Toxicity in Albino Mice

The present study evaluated the ameliorative potential of β-carotene (BCT) against experimentally induced arsenic toxicity in Swiss albino mice. BCT (5 and 10 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice 30 min before oral administration of arsenic trioxide (3 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. On 15th day, the body weights, organ weights, hematological profiles, serum biochemical profile; hepatic and renal antioxidative parameters viz. lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase; and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. Co-treatment with BCT markedly and significantly normalized body weights, organ weights, hematological profiles, serum biochemical profile and significantly modulated all the hepatic and renal biochemical parameters and DNA fragmentation in arsenic-intoxicated mice. The present findings conclude that β-carotene possessed remarkable ameliorative effect against arsenic-induced toxicity in albino mice mediated by its antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties.

Sarah A. Vogel. Is It Safe? BPA and the Struggle to Define the Safety of Chemicals. xxi + 304 pp., illus., index. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsSarah A. Vogel. Is It Safe? BPA and the Struggle to Define the Safety of Chemicals. xxi + 304 pp., illus., index. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013.Michael EganMichael Egan Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 105, Number 1March 2014 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/676809 Views: 147Total views on this site Citations: 4Citations are reported from Crossref © 2014 by The History of Science Society. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Shaimaa M. M. Saleh, A. Bakr Mahmoud, M. Bassam Al-Salahy, Fatma Ahmed Mohamed Moustafa Morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study on the ameliorative effect of gallic acid against bisphenol A-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats, Scientific Reports 13, no.11 (Jan 2023).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28860-1Eslam M. Hamed, Sam F.Y. Li Molecularly imprinted polymers-based sensors for bisphenol-A: Recent developments and applications in environmental, food and biomedical analysis, Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry 35 (Sep 2022): e00167.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2022.e00167Okunola A. Alabi, Kehinde I. Ologbonjaye, Adewale A. Sorungbe, Olutayo S. Shokunbi, Oyinkansola I. Omotunwase, Gbemisola Lawanson, Oluwafemi G. Ayodele Bisphenol A-induced Alterations in Different Stages of Spermatogenesis and Systemic Toxicity in Albino Mice ( Mus musculus ), Journal of Health and Pollution 11, no.2929 (Feb 2021).https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-11.29.210307 Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences, 2014, Isis 105, no.S1S1 (Jul 2015): i–301.https://doi.org/10.1086/680345

In vivo Pharmacological investigation of leaf of Polygonum hydropiper (L.)

The present study was planned to evaluate the anti-nociceptive, gastro intestinal motility, anti-pyretic and acute toxicity studies of leaf extract of Polygonum hydropiper leaves in albino mice following oral administration. The results showed that the anti-nociceptive activity in the scale of ethanol &gt; n-hexane &gt; petroleum ether &gt; chloroform &gt; methanol extract showed a significant result compared to diclofenac sodium. Chloroform extract showed significant results on gastro intestinal motility test. Ethanol &amp; chloroform extracts showed considerable reduction of temperature at higher doses within 1st hour on yeast induced pyrexia in albino mice. Highest dose introduced as 1000, 2000 &amp; 4000 mg/kg body weight of each extracts in acute toxicity test did not shown any sign of toxicity in albino mice in one week observation. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 12(2): 165-169, 2013 (December) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v12i2.17619

Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, ameliorates arsenic-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice.

In the present study, we evaluated the ameliorative potential of a citrus flavonoid, naringenin (NRG), against experimentally induced arsenic toxicity in Swiss albino mice. NRG (5 and 10 mg kg-l) was administered orally to mice 30 minutes before oral administration of arsenic trioxide (3 mg kg-l) for 14 consecutive days. On day 15, the following parameters were evaluated: body weight; organ weight; hematological profile; serum biochemical profile; hepatic and renal tissue antioxidative parameters including lipid peroxidation, reduced and oxidized glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase levels; and DNA fragmentation. Co-treatment with NRG markedly and significantly normalized body weights, organ weights, hematological profiles, and serum biochemical profiles and significantly modulated all of the hepatic and renal tissue biochemical parameters and DNA fragmentation in arsenic-intoxicated mice. The present findings indicate that naringenin remarkably ameliorated the effects of arsenic-induced toxicity in albino mice due to its strong antioxidant property.

Anti–ulcer activity of Ficus religiosa leaf ethanolic extract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti-ulcer activity and acute toxicity of Ficus religiosa (F. religiosa) leaf ethanolic extract in animal models. MethodsAnti-ulcer activity of F. religiosa ethanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) was studied on stress induced ulcer animal models. Ranitidine was used as standard. The anti-ulcer activity of F. religiosa was evaluated with the help of ulcer area and histopatholgical examination. Preliminary phyto-chemical screening and acute toxicity studies of F. religiosa also carried out. ResultsResults showed that the extract treatments prevented ulcer area and gastric secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of 2 000 mg/kg extract did not show any acute toxicity in albino mice. Preliminary phytochemical analysis identified the presence of flavonoids in the ethanolic extract of F. religiosa. ConclusionsThe extract is non-toxic even at relatively high concentrations. The anti-ulcer activity is probably due to the presence of flavanoids.

Hepatoprotective potential of petroleum ether leaf extract of Crossandra infundibuliformis on CCl 4 induced liver toxicity in albino mice

Objective To analyze the hepatoprotective effect of the Crossandra infundibuliformis. Methods Hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Petroleum ether extract of dried leaves was administrated to mice for 7 days. The hepatoprotective effect of petroleum ether extract was evaluated by the assay of liver function biochemical parameters. Results The result clearly indicates that petroleum ether extract showed significant hepatoprotection when compared with standard Silumarin. Conclusions The petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Crossandra infundibuliformis possess significant acute hepatoprotective activity. Thus further investigation on this species would bring a promising drug for liver disorders.

Anti-inflammatory studies on Polygonum glabrum

Anti-inflammatory studies were conducted on a hot water decoction and on an ethanol extract of the stems of Polygonum glabrum. Effective anti-inflammatory activity was demonstrated against acute carrageenan-induced paw oedema, exudate and granuloma formation in the granuloma pouch test, acute and delayed reactions in formaldehyde arthritis, and acute primary and delayed secondary reactions in adjuvant-induced polyarthritis in albino rats. The acute toxicity in albino mice and 1-month studies on subacute toxicity in rats suggested a good margin of safety. The extract was more effective parenterally than by oral administration.