The article gives a complete description of the pollutants properties and their behavior patterns based on studies considering the peculiarities of a continuous medium, on the one hand, and a set of discrete particles of different sizes, on the other. For that purpose, the authors used the theory of disperse systems, based on the classical concepts of colloidal and physical chemistry. The article presents the methodology developed by the authors to generalize, systemize and describe the properties and behaviour patterns of toxic components of exhaust gases from public and domestic power units, power plants, and exhaust gases from mobile power units for the dynamic conditions for their formation and spreading in the air basin of urban areas. It allows controlling the behavior of toxic components of exhaust gases in order to reduce air pollution and ensure the environmental safety in the builtup areas.