Total Number Of Tillers Research Articles

Effect of Seedling Age at Trans Planting on Yield and Yield Components of Low Land Rice in Fogera Plain

Basically, there are two methods of rice plant establishment namely; transplanting and direct seeding .Direct seeding is the major method of rice planting being used in Fogera plain. However, transplanting is the major means of rice planting used in other parts of the world Therefore, field experiments were conducted in the area for two growing seasons during the 2018 and 2019 cropping years. The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of seedling age at transplanting on the yield and yield components of the crop under rain-fed condition. The treatments consists of six seedling age 0, (dry seed as a control) 7, (pre-germinated), 14, 21, 28, 35 days old seedlings were laid in RCB Design with three replications. Data were collected on yield and yield components of the crop. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS software. Economic analysis was also performed to compare the economic advantage of the treatments. The results of the experiment indicated that seeding age was (p<0.001) affecting, Plant height, number of total tillers per m 2 and number of filled grain per panicle. Whereas seedling age also (p<0.01) affecting panicle length, number of filled grain per panicle and grain yield. Moreover age of seedlings for transplanting (p<0.001) affecting straw yield and thousand grain weight. The highest grain and straw yield (4.54 and 11.7 t/ha- 1 ) was obtained from 21 days old seedling age respectively. The economic analysis indicated that 21 days old seedling age was the most profitable treatment with mean net benefit of 75132.0.Birr ha- 1 . Therefore it can be concluded that twenty one days old seedling age in the nursery was appropriate and recommended for transplanting method of rice production in Fogera plain. Keywords: Seedling age, Transplanting, Low land rice, grain yield Economic analysis. DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-8-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2021

Effects of Foliar Application of Potassium Silicate and Nanoparticles (silicon + zinc) in Different Stages of Growth and Development on Quantitative Yield and Grain Enrichment of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Introduction: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the three major food crops worldwide. Approximately 50% of the world’s population uses rice as a staple food. Silica and zinc among nutrients play a key role in improving plant nutrition and increasing rice growth, so that a lack of these elements reduces growth and consequently reduces yield. Also fortifying rice with silicon and zinc can correct deficiencies of these elements in humans who consume rice. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the private farm located in Babol (North of Iran) during the years 2017-18 and 2018-19. Measured values of electrical conductivity, soil acidity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, zinc content and soil texture for the first and second years were 2.33 dS m-1 and 1.27 dS m-1, 7.48 and 7.26, 3.27 % and 2.16 %, 0.32 % and 0.21 %, 11 mg kg-1 and 6 mg kg-1, 320 mg kg-1 and 238 mg kg-1, 0.96 mg kg-1 and 0.89 mg kg-1, Clay and Clay, respectively. The treatment included three levels of foliar application (Potassium silicate, Silicon nanoxide, and Zinc nanoxide) as the first factor and five levels of developmental stages (T1: beginning of tillering + middle of tillering + late of tillering + end of panicle emergence, T2: middle of tillering + late of tillering + end of panicle emergence, T3: late of tillering + end of panicle emergence, T4: late of tillering and T5: end of panicle emergence) as the second factor. Results and Discussion: The results showed that none of the studied traits were affected by the year. Maximum grain yield was obtained by foliar application silicon nanoxide (7733 kg ha-1) and zinc nanoxide (7498 kg ha-1), which was, respectively, due to increasing the total number of spikelets and the percentage of filled spikelets (1420.0 spikelets and 95.53%, respectively) and increasing the total number of tillers and 1000-grain weight (19.73 tillers and 26.80 g, respectively). The highest grain yield (7716, 7700 and 7492 kg.ha-1) and the percentage of filled spikelets (94.83, 94.72 and 93.89%) were obtained under T1, T2 and T3 treatments, respectively. By foliar application of silicon nanoxide and zinc nanoxide, the highest biological yield (19213 and 18986 kg ha-1, respectively) and, the highest grain silica concentration (3.13%) and grain zinc concentration (15.97 mg kg-1) were recorded. The minimum 1000-grain weight (24.11 and 24.00 g), the maximum total number of spikelets per panicle (143.1 and 143.2 spikelets) and the highest concentration of grain silica (3.00 and 2.97%) were obtained under T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. However, the highest total number of tillers per hill and the highest number of grain were obtained under T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. The interaction between treatments showed that the maximum total number of spikelets per panicle was obtained by foliar application of potassium silicate under T1 treatment (151.5 spikelets) and foliar application of silicon nanoxide under T2 treatment (153.3 spikelets). Also, the highest concentrations of silica and zinc in grain were obtained by foliar application of silicon nanoxide under T1 treatment (3.97%) and zinc nanoxide under T2 treatment (21.67 mg kg-1), respectively. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, we found that grain yield increases with the application of nanoparticles as well as foliar application during crop growth and development. In order to enrich rice grains, foliar application of nanoparticles in the middle of tillering, late of tillering and end of panicle emergence is also necessary.

Identification of Drought-Tolerant Co-canes Based on Physiological Traits, Yield Attributes and Drought Tolerance Indices

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water stress on early and mid-late categories of Co-canes, i.e., [Co 98014, Co 0118, Co 0238, Co 07023, Co 15023 (early) and Co 0124, Co 05011, Co 11027, Co 15027, Co 12029 (mid-late)]. The experiment consists of stress treatments in main plot, i.e. (control and water stress) and ten Co-canes in subplot were laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation during formative phase. The observations recorded on morphological, physiological and yield attributes have suggested possible key characteristics of water stress tolerance. Leaf area and cane length exhibited 37.3% and 26.53% reduction under drought condition in comparison to the control. Co 05011 (78.77%) and Co 0238 (76.88%) showed/maintained better RWC under stress condition with mean reduction of 16.70% over Co-canes RWC. Water stress also caused reduction in gas exchange traits and the associated pigments by 56.57% in stomatal conductance (gS), 56.55% in photosynthetic rate (pN), 38.21% in transpiration rate (E), 28.01% in internal CO2 (Ci) and 16.86% in the chlorophyll content. Maximum water use efficiency (pN/E) under drought stress was recorded in Co 0238 (4.12) and Co 98014 (3.93). Total number of tillers, number of millable canes, single cane weight and cane yield were also reduced under water stress but Co 98014, Co 05011, Co 0238, Co 12029 and Co 15023 showed lesser reduction in these traits. Further, the cane yield data were subjected to different drought tolerance indices viz. stress susceptibility index, stress tolerance index and yield index. Results obtained from physiological and yield attributes as well as tolerance indices indicated that Co 98014, Co 05011, Co 0238 and Co 12029 had the potential to grow well under water stress conditions for sustaining sugarcane production and hence could be used as tolerant germplasm in crop improvement programs.

Morphology Performance On Six Black Rice Accessions (Oryza Sativa L.) In M1 Generation Irradiated By Gamma Rays

Increasing the genetic diversity of plants can be done through physical mutations with gamma-ray irradiation. This study aims to determine gamma-ray irradiation on the growth of six M1 generation black rice accessions. This research was conducted in May-October 2019 at the Experimental Rice Fields of the Tasikmalaya Perjuangan University, West Java. The materials used in this study were six accessions from Tasikmalaya (PH, PH2, PH3, PH5, PH7, and PH8) without 0 Gy irradiation and with 200 Gy gamma-ray irradiation of M1 generation. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation reduced germination characteristics, seedling height, and flowering age. Some of the accessions showed different effects; there were a decrease and an increase in the characters of root length, plant height, number of productive tillers, number of unproductive tillers, and the total number of tillers.

Studies on correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield related traits in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

The present investigation consists of 26 Rice genotypes used for the experiment was conducted during Kharif-2019. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of 13 yield attributing traits to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient analysis and path analysis with a view to select better yield attributes in rice. The higher value of phenotypic co- efficient of variation (PCV) compared to the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the studied traits indicated that there was an influence of the environment. Grain yield per plant exhibited high estimates of PCV and GCV followed by biological yield per plant, number of total tillers per hill, number of spikelets per panicle, and number of panicles per hill. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance is recorded for number of spikelets per panicle, all the characters which reflected that the direct selection of these characters based on phenotypic expression by simple select ion method for yield improvement would be more reliable. Grain yield per plant showed significant and positive association with days to 50% flowering, plant height, biological yield per plant, number of panicles per hill, number of total tillers per hill, number of spikelets per panicle, days to maturity, harvest index and panicle length indicating selection of these characters for yield improvement may be rewarding. Both at phenotypic and genotypic level days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of tillers per hill, number of panicles per hill, number of spikelets per panicle, days to maturity, biological yield per plant and harvest index had positive direct effects on grain yield per plant indicating their importance during selection in yield improvement programme.

The effect of gamma radiation on the growth of black rice plants generation m1

Black rice is a food that can be consumed as a functional food ingredient. Black rice has not been widely cultivated while the seeds are not commercially available. Besides, black rice also has several weaknesses such as longevity, high plant habitus and low production. This study aims to test black rice accession using gamma ray irradiation in the M1 generation. The research was conducted in January - April 2020 in the experimental rice fields of Cineam District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The materials used are black rice seeds (PH2, PH3, PH5, PH7 and PH8). The treatments tested were 5 black rice accession (PH2M1, PH3M1, PH5M1, PH7M1 and PH8M1) that was irradiated with gamma rays (200 Gray) and 0 Gray as control. The results showed that irradiated and non-irradiated rice growth gave different responses. All black rice accessions after irradiation experienced stem shortening and decreased number of filled grains. Accession PH 7 showed shorter flag leaves, number of productive tillers and fewer total tillers after irradiation. Meanwhile PH8 showed the number of productive tillers and total tillers were more and the panicles were shorter after irradiation.

Sowing methods and seeding rates effects on yield and yield components of Tef(Eragrostis tef [Zucc.] Trotter) at Adet, North West Ethiopia

Tef is one of the most important staple cereal crops in Ethiopia. However, the production and productivity of the crop remain low due to lack of appropriate agronomic recommendations. Lack of optimum sowing methods and seed rates are key agronomic factors limit the productivities of the crop. Hence, field experiment was conducted to study the effects of seed rates and sowing methods on growth, yield and yield components of tef. The treatments contains factorial combination of two sowing methods (row and broadcast) and five seeding rates (5, 7.5,10, 12.5, and 15 kg ha−1in randomized factorial complete block design with three replications. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, spike length, total number of tiller, total number of effective tiller, above ground dry biomass yield, grain yield and straw yield collected and subjected to analysis of variance using SAS system. The main effect seed rate significantly affect days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length, and straw yield and the maximum values of these parameters were recorded at the seed rate of 5 kg ha−1. Similarly, number of total tillers, fertile tillers, total biomass, grain yield, and lodging percent were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by interaction effect of sowing methods and seeding rates. The highest grain yield (2.301 kg/ha) and other growth parameters recorded at the interaction effect of 5 kg ha−1 of seed rate and row planting method compared to other treatments. Maximum net benefit (795,689.21ETB) with acceptable marginal rate of return (104.32) also recorded at the interaction effect of 5 kg ha−1 of seeding rate and row planting. Hence, 5 kg ha−1 seed rate with row planting method could be recommended for maximum yield of tef in Adet soil and climatic conditions.

Primary Macro Nutrient Content, Root Growth, and Crop Growth Analysis of Local Rice Varieties with Intermittent and Continuous Flooding Irrigation

An Intermittent irrigation method of rice cultivation aims to reduce water requirements. In Indonesia local rice varieties have the potential to produce high-yielding rice with the itermittent irrigation method to meet food needs in Indonesia. The study about Nutrient uptake, root development, and crop growth analysis of several local rice varieties with intermittent irrigation method aims to determine the suitability of intermittent and continuous flooding irrigation techniques on local rice varieties and to study the response of various local rice varieties to the Nutrient uptake, root development, and crop growth analysis. The research has been conducted on the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The method used was the experimental method carried out with field research with an 4 x 2 factorial design of the treatment arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was rice varieties which consist of 4 varieties, i.e. Rojolele, Pandanwangi, Mentik Wangi, and Ciherang. The second factor was the method of irrigation consisting of 2 kinds, i.e. intermittent irrigation and continuous flooding. Data was analysed with analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α=5%. The results showed that rice varieties had different responses to macro nutrient uptake. The number of productive tillers of the Cianjur, Rojolele genjah, and Ciherang varieties is greater than the Mentikwangi variety, while the total number of tillers of the Rojolele variety is even greater than the Mentikwangi variety. SRI irrigation can increase the harvest index, whereas conventional irrigation has a higher Crop Growth Rate than SRI irrigation.

Impact of Different Nitrogen Amount and Seeding Rates on Growth and Yield of NERICA 4 Rice Varieties in Upland Conditions

With the recent breakthrough in the development of the New Rice for Africa (NERICA) for the upland production system and the high demand for rice, farmers’ interest in growing upland rice has increased. A field experiment was conducted at Tsukuba International center, Japan from May to October 2019 to evaluate the response of rice to seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer application and also determine economically optimum seed rate and nitrogen level for NERICA-4 upland variety. The experiment contained factorial combination of four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha -1 and two seed rates (60&amp; 80 Kg ha -1 ). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design plot arrangement with three replications. The results from this study indicated that seed rate showed no significant effect on total dry matter weight, plant length, SPAD value, Leaf area index, panicle number, spikelet number, ripening ratio and grain yield while the total number of tillers was significant. However, nitrogen fertilizer rates significantly (p &lt; 0.05) affected in plant length, tiller number, SPAD value, dry matter and Leaf area index. Except 1000grain, all the yield and yield component parameters have also shown a significant increase up to the rate of 90 kg N ha−1. The highest grain yield (3340 kg∙ha−1) was recorded using 90 kg N ha −1 followed by 60 kg N ha −1 (3200 kg ha −1) and the lowest yield (2100 kg ha −1 ) was recorded from control . Marginal rate of return analysis is also showed that the treatment with N fertilizer rate of 90 kg N ha −1 and seed rate 60 kg ha −1 gave the highest Marginal rate of return 1217 % followed by the treatment with N fertilizer rate of 60 kg N ha−1 and seed rate 60 kg ha−1.The general trend of the data indicated that the fertilizer rate has a greatest impact on grain yield compared to the seed rate of rice crop. Based on this study using 60 kg/ha seed rate and application of 90 kg N ha −1 gives high grain yield for rice crop production at experimental site. Keywords : Economic profit, Seed rate, N fertilizer rate, Optimum grain yield, Marginal rate of return DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-4-05 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

When Termites’ Waste Products Highlight a Fundamental Law of Fertilization under Rainfed Rice Cultivation in West Cote d'Ivoire

Food security is a major development issue in Côte d’Ivoire that is experiencing population growth over 3% per year. Food crop production, however, is experiencing weak growth, most often linked to increase in area. In addition, low yields could be explained by the scarcity of rainfall in a context where farmers hardly use agronomic-based fertilizers without soil analysis although Cote d’Ivoire is agricultural based developing country. To be part of integrated production logic in rice production, a study is initiated in 2016 in Daloa in order to improve the yield of paddy rice by using a local amendment produced by termites kept in captivity on agricultural residues. Four (4) doses of this amendment made of termites’ waste products (TWP): 1.8%; 3.6% and 7.2% and 14.4% of one hectare soil weight were tested versus an unfertilized (control) and a NPK fertilized (100kg.ha)-. The experimental design consists of randomized complete blocks with three replicates. Plant growth parameters such as plant height at maturity, total number of tillers, number of leaves at the beginning of tillering, biomass at maturity and yield data were collected. The results showed that all agronomic parameters were improved with increasing dose up to an optimum dose that can be found between 7.2 % and 14.4 % of termites’ waste products. The highest yield (2484.3 kg.ha-1) was obtained with the 7.2 % dose. The results of the application of the TWP on rice showed important yield increases with efficacy varying from 30 to 72 % compared to common fertilizer application and 27.1 to 221.9 % if compared to non-fertilized plot.

Diallel analysis of yield and its important components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

This study was carried out in Andro Research Farm, CAU, Imphal to study diallel analysis of yield and its important components in 10 genotype of wheat during two consecutive rabi season 2017-2019. All the 10 genotype and their 45 F1’s cross combination exhibited significant difference in characters under study Combining ability analysis showed that both gca and sca variances value were highly significant for most of traits studied in F1 progenies which suggest importance of both additive as well as non-additive genetic components for the expression of characters under study. VL 3017 was found good general combiner for the characters like fifty percent flowering, days to eighty percent maturity, plant height, total number of tillers per hill, total number of spikelets per spike, spike length, total number of filled grains per spike and grain yield per plant. Among all 45 crosses, cross combination VL 3018 x HS 490 and VL 892 x UP 3017 were good specific combiners for the grain yield per plant character in F1 generation.

Principal Component Analysis of Early Generation Drought Tolerant Tef Genotypes for Yield-contributing Traits

The present investigation was carried out to determine the relationship and genetic variability among 49 tef inbred line using principal component analysis for drought prone areas. To improve tef productivity, farmers need high-yielding and drought tolerant tef cultivars. The objective of this research is to evaluate genetic diversity among drought tolerant tef inbred lines for yield, yield-contributing traits. In this study, Component I had the contribution from the traits <i>viz.</i>, days to heading, days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length, culm length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of primary panicle branches per main shoot, lodging index, above-ground biomass and harvest index which accounted 40% to the total variability. Grain filling period, number of total tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, days to mature, peduncle length, number of florets per spikelet and thousand-seed weight has contributed 14% to the total variability in component II. The remaining variability of 13%, 7% and 6% was consolidated in component III, component IV and component V by various traits like days to seedling emergence, culm length, peduncle length, lodging index, above-ground biomass yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of total and fertile tillers per plant. The cumulative variance of 79% of total variation among 18 characters was explained by the first five axes. Thus, the results of principal component analysis revealed, wide genetic variability exists in this drought tolerant tef inbred lines. Drought tolerant traits with high genetic variability are expected to provide high level of gene transfer during breeding programs.

Effect of Seed Rate and Irrigation Interval on Yield Components and Yield of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Mekane Selam District, South Wollo, Ethiopia

Determination of optimum seed rate and planning suitable irrigation strategy are important practices to increase productivity of wheat under irrigation. Thus, a study was undertaken to determine the effects of irrigation intervals (5, 8, 11 and 14 days) and seed rate (75, 100, 125 and 150 kg ha -1 ) on yield components and yield of bread wheat during 2019 cropping season (November to April). Wheat variety ADEL-6 was used as test crop. The experimental design was split plot design with three replications using irrigation interval as the main plot factor and seed rate as sub-plot factor. Results showed that the interaction effect of irrigation interval and seed rate had highly significant (p&lt;0.01) effect on number of total tillers, effective tillers, grain yield, aboveground dry biomass yield, straw yield and harvest index. The highest number of total tillers (54.33) and effective tillers (49.33) per 0.5 m mid length row were obtained from the seed rate of 150 kg ha -1 with irrigation interval of 5 days. On the other hand, the highest grain yield (5.40 t ha -1 ), the highest biomass yield (13.34 t ha -1 ) and the highest straw yield (7.95 t ha -1 ) were obtained from seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 11 days which were statistically at par with the seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 8 days. The partial budget analysis also showed that the highest net benefit (37375 Birr ha -1 ) was recorded from the combination of seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 11 days followed by seed rate of 100 kg ha -1 and irrigation interval of 8 days with net benefit of 34156 Birr ha -1 . Thus, from the result of the study, it can tentatively be concluded that use of 100 kg ha -1 seed rate and irrigation interval ranging from 8 to 11 days can improve the productivity of bread wheat in the study area. Keywords: Field capacity, irrigation frequency, seed rate DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-1-02 Publication date: January 31 st 2021

Effect of Sowing Methods and Seeding Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Tef (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Eragrostis Tef&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;) in Ebinat Districts, South Gondar, Ethiopia

The study was conducted during 2013/14 main cropping season in Ebinat district with the aim of studying the effects of seeding rates and row sowing methods on growth, yield and yield components of tef. Planting material of improved tef variety ‘Quencho’ (DZ-01-387) was used as a test crop for the experiments. Two factors of 3 seeding rates of (5, 7.5 & 10 kg/ha) and 3 inter-row spacing of (15cm, 20cm & 25cm) were combined to form 9 treatment. The treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Days to 50% emergence, days to 50% heading, days to 90% physiological maturity, plant population. Total tiller number per plant, effective tiller, plant height, panicle length, number of spikelet’s per panicle, biomass and straw yield, thousand seed weight, grain yield and harvest index were the important attributes used for data collection. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for all parameters were computed with SAS 9.0 software and mean separation was done using least significance difference (LSD). The results of ANOVA analyses showed that sowing method of days to 50% emergence, days to 50%heading, days to 90% physiological maturity, total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers, thousand seed weight and number of spikelet’s per panicle were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the main effects of seeding rates and inter-row spacing, while plant population, plant height and grain yield were highly significantly (P<0.01) affected by the main effects of the seeding rates and inter-row spacing. Biomass and straw yields as well as harvest index were not significantly affected by seeding rates and inter-row spacing. Furthermore, the interaction effect plant population and grain yields were highly significantly (P<0.01), affected by seeding rates and inter-row spacing. While plant height, biomass yield and thousand seed weight were significant (P<0.05) influenced. In general, the present study investigated under sowing methods of grain yield was gained 25.75% over all the treatments. Sowing method of seeding rate of 5 kg/ha and 25cm of row spacing were found to be the best resourcefully advantageous over the rest treatments.

Selection of M3 genotype short stem results of ray gamma 250 gray in Mentik Wangi rice

This study aims to determine the performance of Mentik Wangi rice at M3 generation mutant rice and select the M3 generation mutant plants as a result of 250 gray gamma irradiation which has short stems with high productivity. The research was carried out by planting 70 M2 lines of 250 gray gamma irradiation and control plants. The variables observed were plant height, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, number of seeds per panicle, panicle bush thickness index, weight of 100 seeds, weight of seeds per clump. Following observation, data were analyzed descriptively and statistically compared using t-test to determine the difference of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik rice from 250 gray gamma irradiation with control plants (without irradiation). There are 24 individual selected lines of M3 generation of fragrant Mentik Wangi mutants from 250 Gy gamma ray radiation which have a short stem character and have higher productivity than control plants.

Effects of the sludge application at different concentrations on growth and production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using a water channel underneath soil surface

Indonesia’s strategies are focus on improving food production using environmentally-friendly measures in its agricultural development. This research was designed in accordance with the national strategies on increasing the productivity of rice using efficient water while reducing methane emissions from rice fields. A low rice yield is obtained when the conventional anaerobic methods (flooded soil) are used. Additional to the water, sludge from palm oil factories was also applied. This research aimed to establish a proper concentration of sludge to increase the productivity of rice sown in aerobic condition with the water level at 5 cm below soil surface. The study was conducted by making experiments with 5 levels. Waste sludge from palm oil factories was applied on the soils tested with concentrations of 0 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1 and 25 t ha-1. Height of the plant, total number of tillers, number of productive tillers, number of filled grains, percentage of filled grains, weight of 1000 grains and weight of filled grain per plot were studied. Application of 25 t ha-1 organic sludge showed a high level of productivity increasing the total number of tillers, the number of productive tillers and weight of filled grain per plot.

Effect of planting system and seedling number on growth and rice yield rice Inpari-IR-Nutri Zinc

Rice Inpari-IR-Nutri Zinc is a biofortified product with a high zinc content compared to other types of rice. This study aimed to obtain the best planting system and the number of seeds in increasing the growth and yield of Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. This study used a Divided Plot Design which was repeated four times. There was a total of 32 treatment combinations. The planting system (S) is placed as the main plot consisting of S1 (4: 1 Legowo Planting System) and S2 (Tile Planting System), while the number of seeds (J) as sub-plots consists of J1 (1 seed), J2 (3) seeds), J3 (3 seeds) and J4 (7 seeds). The planting system and the number of seeds had a significant effect on the variables of plant height, total tiller number, number of productive tillers, the weight of 1,000 seeds, panicle length, and rice production of Inpari IR Nutri Zinc. The use of seeds of 1 and 3 plants produced 4.74 and 4.60 tons/ha. The legowo 4: 1 planting system had 4.88

PENGARUH APLIKASI KOMPOS JERAMI PADI+PANGKASAN TITHONIA DAN BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI TERHADAP SERAPAN NITROGEN, FOSFOR, DAN KALIUM SERTA PRODUKSI PADI METODE SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION) DI KOTA PADANG

A study that was aimed to examine the effect of rice straw + tithonia pruning compost and rice husk biochar application on N, P and K uptake and rice production of SRI (System of Rice Intensification) method, was carried out from November 2019 - February 2020 in Kuranji District, Padang City, West Sumatra. This study used a randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were A = control, B = 100% K (compost), C = 75% K + 25% B (biochar), D = 50% K + 50% B, E = 25% K + 75% B, and F = 100% B. The results showed that there was an increase of N, P and K uptake by rice with the application of 25% compost + 75% biochar. The treatment increased plant height, total tiller number and grain weight by 30 cm, 25.34 stems and 5.47 t ha-1, respectively higher than that in control.

Response of potassium nitrate on yield and yield contributing characters of boro rice cv. BRRI dhan28

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, to explore the growth and yield performance of boro rice cv. BRRI dhan28 is influenced by foliar spray of potassium nitrate (KNO3) at four rice growth stages. The experiment consisted of four doses of KNO3 viz. 0 (Control), 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 kg ha−1 and applied at four growth stages of rice development viz. at panicle initiation, at ear emergence, at anthesis period and at dough stage. This experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications with 10 m2 (4.0 m × 2.5 m) unit plot size and spacing between blocks and unit plots was 1 m and 0.5 m, respectively. Results revealed that foliar application of potassium nitrate at four growth stages significantly affected yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan28. But most of the yield contributing characters did not differ significantly due to the interaction between potassium nitrate and stage of foliar spray. However, the foliar application of KNO3 @ 0.25 kg ha−1 showed the highest yield production (5.86 kg ha−1) while the lowest yield (4.85 kg ha−1) was found in control. Furthermore, better yield performances were recorded when the KNO3 was applied at panicle initiation stage rather than the other four growth stages. The total number of tillers, 1000–grain weight and grain yield, was higher with foliar spraying of a 0.25 kg ha−1 KNO3 at panicle initiation stage. From this experiment, it may be concluded that foliar application of KNO3 affected the yield performances of BRRI dhan28 and 0.25 kg ha−1 KNO3 produced the highest grain yield when applied at panicle initiation stage of boro rice.

EFFECT OF AGE AND NUMBER OF SEEDLINGS IN PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE, DANG, NEPAL

The growth, yield and yield attributing characters of Tilki rice variety was evaluated under different age and number of seedlings hill -1 at Dang, Nepal during rainy season from June to September, 2019. The experiment was laid out into factorial design of two different age of seedlings as viz. 20 days and 30 days as main plot factor and four different number of seedlings hill -1 viz. 1, 2, 3 and 4 as sub-plot factor and replicated thrice. The results revealed that highest plant height (79.69cm) at the time of harvesting , LAI (0.17), panicle length (23.55cm), number of grains per panicle (101.82), effective tiller per hill (9.9), non-effective tiller per hill (1.03), total tiller per hill (10.94), test weight (29.22gm) ,economical yield (2.09ton/ha), biological yield (5.28ton/ha) and harvest index (39.34%) were recorded by 20 days of seedlings. Regarding the number of seedlings effective tiller per hill and harvest index were non-significant. Highest plant height (79.65cm), test weight (28.88gm) and LAI (0.17) were recorded in 1 seedling per hill. Longest panicle length (24.11cm) and more number of grains per panicle (100.48) were also recorded in 1 seedlings per hill. Highest number of non-effective tiller (1.66) and total tillers per hill (11.08) in four seedlings per hill were recorded. Highest economical yield (2.21ton/ha) and biological yield (5.43ton/ha) were recorded in 2 seedlings per hill. The interaction effect of age and number of seedlings per hill showed non-significant relation with all the growth, yield and yield attributing parameters except non-effective tiller per hill and LAI.