Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to determine the relationship and genetic variability among 49 tef inbred line using principal component analysis for drought prone areas. To improve tef productivity, farmers need high-yielding and drought tolerant tef cultivars. The objective of this research is to evaluate genetic diversity among drought tolerant tef inbred lines for yield, yield-contributing traits. In this study, Component I had the contribution from the traits <i>viz.</i>, days to heading, days to physiological maturity, plant height, panicle length, culm length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of primary panicle branches per main shoot, lodging index, above-ground biomass and harvest index which accounted 40% to the total variability. Grain filling period, number of total tillers per plant, number of fertile tillers per plant, days to mature, peduncle length, number of florets per spikelet and thousand-seed weight has contributed 14% to the total variability in component II. The remaining variability of 13%, 7% and 6% was consolidated in component III, component IV and component V by various traits like days to seedling emergence, culm length, peduncle length, lodging index, above-ground biomass yield, grain yield, harvest index, number of total and fertile tillers per plant. The cumulative variance of 79% of total variation among 18 characters was explained by the first five axes. Thus, the results of principal component analysis revealed, wide genetic variability exists in this drought tolerant tef inbred lines. Drought tolerant traits with high genetic variability are expected to provide high level of gene transfer during breeding programs.
Highlights
Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is endemic to Ethiopia and its domestication is estimated to have occurred between 4000 and 1000 BC [26]
Dtt2 and Dtt13 were obtained from ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenized populations of Tsedey using the targeted induced local lesions IN genomes (TILLING) method at the Institute of Plant Sciences of the University of Bern through the Tef Improvement Project supported by the Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture
The principal components analysis revealed that five principal components with Eigen-values greater than unity accounted for 79 percent of the gross variability in 18 phenomorhic characters (Table 1). [10] suggested that standard criteria permit to ignore components whose Eigen values are less than 1 when a correlation matrix is used
Summary
Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is endemic to Ethiopia and its domestication is estimated to have occurred between 4000 and 1000 BC [26]. Consumers prefer tef due to its high protein, high mineral content and good quality “injera”, a pancake-like soft bread [7] and the absence of gluten [24], which makes it an alternative food for people suffering from celiac disease. Due to this "life-style" nature of the crop, it has been heralded as a super food or super grain for human being [11, 22]. It contains 11% protein, 80% complex carbohydrates and 3% fat [20]
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