Total Production Volume Research Articles

Automatic pricing and replenishment decision-making for vegetable products based on optimization models

Addressing the replenishment and pricing issues of vegetable products is crucial for ensuring product quality and freshness, optimizing sales combinations, refining pricing strategies, and enhancing operational efficiency. Through scientific data analysis and decision-making, supermarkets can better meet consumer demands, enhance competitiveness, and achieve sustainable development. This paper discusses the complex issues of procurement and pricing of fresh vegetable products in current supermarkets. It employs methods such as hierarchical clustering analysis, Topsis evaluation, and optimization models to construct data models, establishing multiple models to address replenishment and pricing decision-making from various perspectives. The research indicates, firstly, the paper categorizes vegetable products into four clusters, explores complementary and substitute products within them, and discovers that reasonable sales combinations among different types of single products can mutually promote sales, leading to higher economic benefits for supermarkets. Secondly, the paper derives a mathematical model describing the relationship between total profit, total sales volume of individual products, and pricing. This model provides valuable recommendations for supermarkets replenishment and pricing decisions, ensuring practical implementation of pricing and replenishment plans. Thirdly, the paper establishes a model for maximizing profits under constant replenishment quantities, assisting supermarkets in formulating more scientific replenishment plans for individual products within a limited number of available items. By judiciously applying the innovative mathematical models presented in this paper, supermarkets can obtain reliable market analysis and make corresponding replenishment and pricing decisions.

Does acute heat stress alter lactation performance in postpartum mothers?

Introduction: Heat stress has been shown to acutely decrease lactation performance in various mammalian species, however whether a similar effect is present in humans remains largely unexplored. Objective and hypothesis: The objective of the present study was to determine whether an acute whole-body heat stress reduces lactation performance in postpartum mothers in the proceeding 24 h. Methods: To date, 9 postpartum mothers (32±4 y; 1.6 ±0.1 m; 67±13 kg; 8±3 months postpartum) have participated in the study. During the 24 h period before and after the acute passive heat stress, participants were asked to record their voluntary fluid intake and their milk production defined as the volume of expressed milk and/or breastfeeding volume based on the baby’s weight before and immediately after nursing, accounting for evaporative water losses. The passive heat stress protocol involved participants laying supine while donning a tube-lined garment continuously perfused with 49°C water for 60 minutes. Rectal temperature and heart rate were measured during the passive heat stress intervention to confirm thermal strain, and whole-body sweat losses were calculated as the net difference in body mass following passive heat stress. Results: The 60-minute passive heat stress protocol increased rectal temperature by 0.4±0.3°C, increased heart rate (17±12 BPM), and resulted in a whole-body sweat loss of 278±201 g. The frequency of lactation was similar during the 24 h before (5.4±1.6 times) and 24 h after (5.1±1.1 times, P=0.20) acute passive heat stress. The total volume of human milk production in the 24 h prior to heat stress was not different to the 24 h following heat stress (pre: 327±123 ml, post: 312±148 ml, P=0.33). Maternal fluid intake was higher during the 24 h after passive heat stress (1561±73 ml) in comparison to the 24 h before (1377±244 ml, P=0.05). Conclusion: Preliminary data suggests that an acute bout of whole-body heat stress does not modulate lactation performance in postpartum mothers. This research was supported by Dr. Ravanelli’s Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (PIN#2022-05096). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Cooperation of small and medium in agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The process of uniting small and medium-sized businesses in the agro-industrial complex into agricultural cooperatives is very relevant for the Republic of Kazakhstan, given the small-scale nature of agricultural production and the high share of households in the total volume of agricultural production. gross agricultural output and, accordingly, low labor productivity in agriculture. The purpose of the study is to study the development of agricultural cooperation in Kazakhstan and identify problems hindering the development of the cooperative movement, and suggest directions for further development in the field of cooperation in the country. To study processes and phenomena in the field of organizational and economic relations, various methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, the use of systematic and logical approaches to the study of trends in the development of agricultural cooperation. The essence of the efficiency of cooperative formations functioning is formulated. The world and domestic experience of agricultural cooperation development has been studied, which allowed to identify the main prerequisites for the development of small and medium-sized business in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article presents existing problems that impede their development, and in conclusion, the authors offer recommendations on measures of state regulation and support for the development of agricultural cooperation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is necessary, first of all, to direct efforts to the development of production cooperation of small and medium-sized farms, which have the opportunity to organize joint production of agricultural products, use of land resources, agricultural machinery, and introduce advanced growing technologies. agricultural products in order to preserve the fertility of agricultural land and use a unified scientifically based crop rotation system. All this will ultimately increase the volume of agricultural production, animal productivity, increase crop yields and labor productivity.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ РОСТА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: ОТ ОБЪЕМОВ К УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ

The strategic task until 2030 for the agro-economic systems of the country and its regions is to increase the average annual growth rate of volumetric indicators of agricultural production to 3%, which is twice as high as the achieved value. To achieve this aim, it is necessary to develop and implement effective mechanisms to smooth out the abrupt growth of production volumes and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural sectors. The development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Tatarstan shows positive trends in the growth of volumetric indicators of production over the past five years. The volume of gross agricultural output in the region increased with an annual growth rate of 21.62 billion rubles. At the same time, the volume of production growth in the crop and livestock sectors amounted to 11.11 and 10.49 billion rubles, respectively, which demonstrates the uniform development of the two main industries. The growth in volumetric indicators of product production is mainly due to the intensification of production processes, the introduction and development of innovative technologies. Along with this, abnormal weather conditions have a negative impact on the process of sustainable development of agriculture, as evidenced by the results of 2021, when the total production volume was only 80.1% of the previous year’s level, and crop production decreased by 38.7%. The identified trend once again emphasizes the need to search for adaptive methods of farming in accordance with climate change by moving at a more intensive pace to the creation of drought-resistant varieties, the development of moisture-saving technologies and the active implementation of reclamation measures. Livestock farming is developing at a more sustainable pace, although there is a decline in the numbers of certain animal species. However, this process does not affect production volumes due to increased animal productivity. The industry is in the process of gradually replacing low-productive animals with highly productive breeding stock. To transition to sustainable development of agriculture in the republic, it is necessary to continue work on adapting technological processes to climate change, creating and introducing new varieties, developing genetic technologies for animal breeding, using digitalization and robotization of the industry.

Thermal runaway propagation behavior and gas production characteristics of NCM622 battery modules at different state of charge

Due to the complex thermal runaway propagation behavior of lithium-ion battery modules and the generation of a substantial amount of combustible mixed gases during the process, their safety performance is compromised, hindering their large-scale application in the fields of energy storage and automotive industries. Therefore, in this paper, the thermal runaway propagation behavior and gas production characteristics of Li (Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2) O2 battery modules with different state of charge were investigated in closed space. The results show that no thermal runaway occurred in the battery module when the state of charge was below 25% in closed space. With the decrease of the state of charge, both the internal thermal propagation speed and the surface temperature of the lithium-ion battery were reduced. The total gas production volume from 17.48 mol to 6.17 mol when the state of charge was reduced from 100% to 50%. The main gases produced during thermal runaway were CO2, CO, H2, CH4, and C2H4. With the decrease of the state of charge, the content of CO2 increased, the content of C2H4 and CO decreased, and the content of H2 and CH4 remained unchanged with the state of charge. The results contribute to safety measures for preventing thermal runaway accidents in lithium-ion batteries, offering guidance for the secure design of lithium-ion battery packs, and thus enhancing the overall safety of lithium-ion batteries.

The influence of innovative business solutions on the formation of the strategic potential of food industry enterprises

The study aims to analyze modern trends and determine the impact of innovative business solutions on the formation of the strategic potential of food industry enterprises. It is noted that the Ukrainian economy does not have a high potential for development due to the low innovative activity of enterprises, as evidenced by the results of the Global Innovation Index, where in 2018-2020, Ukraine worsened its position by several positions in the overall innovation rating, taking 45th place. It is proved that the development of innovative activity in this direction relates to the political and economic situation in the country. Due to the introduction of re-strictions related to Covid-19, the innovative activity of food industry enterprises decreased by 3.5 times during 2016-2020. Despite this, the total volume of sales of innovative products showed a growth of 6.5%, reaching 7071.9 million hryvnias for 2020. However, the share of such products in the total volume sold was only 2.7%. Of the total volume of innovative products sold, the share of new products for the market was only 13.7%; the other share was for new products only for the enterprise. Research has shown that spending on innovation for 2018-2020 has increased by 2.4 times, but most of it falls on franchising and licenses rather than on R&D per-formed in-house. As shown in the study, food industry enterprises try to use various financial tools, including debt, for innovative activities while giving preference to own funds. Since the level of strategic development of innovative activity is approved by the Verkhovna Rada for up to 10 years, enterprises also use a similar planning horizon. The policy of the Ukrainian government could be faster and more effective since the level of innovation support at enterprises is only 3-4% of local and state budget funds. Strategic priorities for the development of innovativeness of business solutions of food industry enterprises should be: energy-saving, energy-efficient, and renewable energy sources; the latest production technologies, use of materials, and updating of the product range; renewal and modernization of the existing production and technical base of enterprises; implementation of environmentally friendly technologies and positive impact on the surrounding natural environment; application of information and communication technologies and related processes of automation and robotization. Keywords: innovation, competitiveness, business solutions, strategic development, food industry enterprises.

Panorama of Coffee Cultivation in the Central Zone of Veracruz State, Mexico: Identification of Main Stressors and Challenges to Face

Coffee is one of the most traded crops worldwide. In the state of Veracruz, Mexico, coffee has been a strategic crop due to its economic, social, environmental, and cultural characteristics that differentiate it from other crops, contributing to the economy of almost 86,000 producers. Several studies have shown that climate is the main cause of the decrease in coffee production and yield. Due to the multi-faceted importance of coffee for the state, the relationship of coffee production and yield with the variables of precipitation (mm) and temperature (°C) from 2003 to 2022 was analyzed through the implementation of a mathematical model that was able to identify that both the total volume of coffee production is decreasing on average at a rate of 7614.9 Mg year−1 as well as the yield, with a significant decrease of 0.106 Mg year−1. It was also found that the optimum temperature value is 18.7 °C, and the optimal precipitation is 1700 mm for the development of coffee. This model also shows that yield is more sensitive to temperature than to precipitation in the study area. Through the application of surveys to 360 producers in 16 coffee-growing municipalities, seven stressors were identified that together hinder the continuity of the coffee industry in the state. These stressors are (1) economic, (2) climatic, (3) land use, (4) technical, (5) social, (6) political, and (7) other. Finally, some strategies are herein proposed to improve coffee production towards greater sustainability, such as agricultural restructuring at the national, regional, and local levels as well as programs and policies to support producers for the continuity of the crop in the region.

The impact of organizational ambidexterity on performance of diversified industrial enterprises

Goal: to identify an optimal set of tools that allow multibusiness diversified enterprises to achieve organizational ambidexterity to assess two aspects of improvement activities — search and operational. The second goal is to establish the influence of organizational ambidexterity on the efficiency of doing business by multibusiness diversified enterprises. Metodology: the search for the optimal set of tools was carried out by the construction of regression models and using mathematical optimization methods. The impact of operational ambidexterity on a company performance was assessed by means of statistical tests. The empirical basis of the study became 327 completed projects in 16 multibusiness diversified enterprises in the manufacturing industry. Findings: a model has been developed that allows to select the optimal set of tools in order to improve production and form the basis for the development of new types of activities, i.e. to achieve organizational ambidexterity. The study showed that the effectiveness of search activities influences mostly labor productivity and the number of new competencies, while the improvement of operational activities affects the share of products certified according to the international standards in the enterprise's total production volume and the quantity of new competencies of the organization’s employees aimed to achieve organizational ambidexterity. Originality and contribution of the authors: the study identifies the conditions for achieving organizational ambidexterity by multibusiness enterprises. A new model has been proposed to determine the optimal set of tools for improving production and developing new types of activities that ensure the achievement of organizational ambidexterity and the increase of efficiency in multibusiness diversified enterprises.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ТРЕНДЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

The agro-industrial complex is the basis for achieving the country’s food security. The Sverdlovsk region, which is part of the Ural Federal District, is characterized primarily by a developed industrial potential, the agro-industrial sector in the total volume of production reaches 6,4%. Along with this, the region fully meets the need for eggs, in terms of milk production, it is among the top 10 milk producers and ranks 1st in the Ural Federal District. Despite the fact that the index of agricultural production in 2022 compared to the level of 2021 in the Sverdlovsk region amounted to 127,4% compared to the Ural Federal District — 117,0% and in Russia — 114,8%, the share of the Sverdlovsk region in the all-Russian indicators is very small (1,43%) and tends to decrease. In order to increase self-sufficiency in the main types of agricultural products (meat, milk, potatoes, etc.) and to increase export potential (except fat-and-oil products) within the framework of a coordinated agro-industrial policy, it is necessary to strengthen subsidizing measures for agricultural producers, scientific and innovative development of the industry and the widespread dissemination of digital technologies.

Productivity Analysis of Mid-Size Cable Yarding Operation based on UAV-captured Video Sequences

Cable yarding is one of the most preferred timber extraction methods in steep and mountainous terrain conditions. In recent years in Turkiye, mid-size cable yarders have begun to be used frequently in steep forest areas where intensive forestry is carried out. In order to make more effective use of cable yarders and achieve maximum productivity, timber extraction operations must be planned most appropriately and implemented in the field accordingly. The productivity of mechanized equipment used in harvesting operations is mainly determined by using time study analysis. In traditional methods, time measurements are carried out by observing the work stages with time recording devices (stopwatches) in the area where the machine operates. Since timber extraction by using a cable yarder occur in steep and rugged terrain conditions, difficulties may be encountered in applying time analysis in the field. In this study, it was aimed to obtain high-resolution digital video images of the activities of cable yarding operation with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and to calculate productivity through time study analysis on these images. For the study, the Tajfun MOZ 500 GR model mid-size cable yarder was evaluated during a timber extraction operation in Köyceğiz Forest Enterprise Chief (FEC), located in Muğla City, Turkiye. Besides, statistical analysis was performed to estimate the effects of factors such as average product length, product diameter, lateral yarding distance, number of pieces, and total product volume per turn on the productivity of the cable yarder. The results indicated that UAV video images can be an effective alternative method to conduct time study analysis and productivity estimations. It was found that the productivity of the mid-size cable yarder was 11.76 m3/hour. During the operation, the pulling mainline to the product and choker setting were the most time-consuming work stages, followed by the time-loaded carriage reaching the landing. The statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship (p<0.001) between product length, product diameter, total volume and productivity of the cable yarder. The results showed that there was a negative relationship between lateral yarding distance and productivity. The regression model regarding the productivity of the cable yarder and the independent variables was also significant.

Research on Pricing and Replenishment Strategies of Supermarket Vegetables Based on LSTM Neural Network and Goal Planning

This paper focuses on the daily replenishment volume and pricing of vegetable commodities, especially the impact of freshness on market selling price. Through Pearson correlation analysis, this study first explored the correlation between different vegetable categories and their single products and evaluated the sales correlation between each category and the single products of the same category. Secondly, this paper considers the cost-plus pricing method to analyze the relationship between the total sales volume of vegetable products and the pricing. The LSTM neural network model is used to forecast the sales volume and wholesale price of vegetable commodities, with special attention to the forecast data from July 1 to 7. Finally, this paper establishes a goal planning model with the goal of maximizing supermarket returns. Considering the total quantity of replenishment, sales volume and cost pricing as constraint conditions, the depth-first search algorithm is adopted to solve the problem, and the daily replenishment volume and pricing strategy for vegetable products in the next week are provided.

Management of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises in the context of stabilization of the national economy

The study is devoted to assessing the consequences of the war in Ukraine for the world trade in agricultural products and substantiating the peculiarities of managing the foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises of the country in the military and post-war periods in the context of stabilizing the national economy. Based on the analysis, the author identifies the critical components of the effects of the war in Ukraine on world agricultural trade, which are geographically specific and contextual. The impact of the aggressor country's actions on the territory of Ukraine on international trade and economic relations is determined. The spatial and commodity structure of Ukraine's trade integration relations in agricultural production in the pre-war and war periods is considered and studied. It is noted that despite Ukraine's small share in the total volume of world trade and production, the country's integration into international agricultural markets is quite significant. It is proved that the domestic agricultural sector is a powerful exporter of agricultural products for several items, including staple foods. Ukraine retained its place among the world's five most prominent exporters of agricultural products in 2022. The main products of domestic agricultural exports have traditionally been grains and oilseeds, various oils, residues of the food and processing industry, meat, and offal. It is substantiated that for stabilizing the national economy, it is necessary to modernize all sectors of the Ukrainian economy, including agriculture. It is necessary not only to rebuild them to pre-war levels but also to profoundly transform the country at all levels (macro, meso, and micro), from business models and technologies, infrastructure, and logistics to a radical overhaul of institutions. The main strategic goal was to maintain Ukraine's full membership in the EU. Keywords: Agri-food market, agricultural products, foreign economic activity management, agricultural enterprises, stabilization of the national economy, sustainable development paradigm, international trade, war in Ukraine, development.

State and prospects of fish processing technologies

The fishing industry plays a significant role in ensuring food security and nutrition of the world's population. Therefore, analysing the trends in the flourishing of aquaculture and natural fisheries, the specifics of the use of raw materials for food, the degree of provision of the population with these products and new processing technologies is an urgent task to determine the priority areas for improving the nutritional and biological value of aquaculture products, taking into account modern nutrition recommendations. The purpose of the study was to investigate the current state of the fish industry, innovative areas of aquatic products manufacturing to identify promising areas of fish and seafood technology. The study was conducted using a comparative analysis of scientific works by domestic and foreign scientists published in the Scopus, Web of Science, Journal Citation Reports, Scimago Journal & Country Rank, and Google Scholar databases. The analysis of the information shows an increase in the catch of aquatic organisms in the world, and in recent years, the total catch has amounted to more than 177.80 million tonnes. For food purposes, 157.40 million tonnes were used, with an annual consumption of 20.2 kg per person. The mass share of Ukraine in the total volume of fish products in the world is 0.2%. Ukraine is importdependent in terms of aquatic organisms. The latest technologies for processing fish products are related to the development of methods for assessing the quality of raw materials and products, the creation of low-waste technologies for the extraction of biologically active compounds and the formation of multicomponent food products based on plant and animal raw materials, and the use of biotechnological and physical methods to improve product quality. The involvement of a new raw material object, the freshwater toothless mollusk, for food purposes has been noted, and many culinary recipes from this species with additives of plant materials have been developed. However, there is a lack of research in the area of improving the technologies and formulation composition of fish pastes, which will make it possible to formulate food products with specified properties of biological value to meet human needs. The practical significance of the analysis is to identify promising trends in aquaculture technologies, taking into account Ukraine's own raw material base

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ МАШИНОБУДУВАННЯ В КОНКУРЕНТНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and applied aspects of enterprise management in a competitive environment. On the basis of existing approaches to the process of managing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, modern approaches to the effectiveness of such management are considered, and its significance in modern conditions is substantiated. Competitiveness is studied as a fundamental category of the market economy, which directly affects the efficiency of the participants of the competitive environment and ensures the stability of the development of the market mechanism as a whole.
 The dynamics and structure of production of machine-building products in Ukraine during 2015-2022 were analyzed, its strategically important role in the country's economy was proven, despite the insignificant share of machine-building products in the total volume of industrial production and the strengthening of exports of raw materials industries. The presence of a crisis in the field of mechanical engineering has been proven, the causes of the crisis have been identified state of machine-building enterprises. The peculiarities of the functioning of the machine-building market in the conditions of military aggression were studied, the main problems and prospects of its development were determined. The main factors of the external and internal environment, which cause negative dynamics of production volumes and sales of mechanical engineering products of Ukraine, are systematized.
 Measures for the further effective and competitive development of this market for the long term have been determined, which include the development of effective state programs and strategies for the development of the industry, stimulation of innovative development of enterprises and the introduction of the latest technologies to ensure the possibility of manufacturing high-quality high-tech and knowledge-intensive products.

Comparative Assessment of Global Value Chains' Influence on National Economies

In recent decades, a predominant trend in the transformation of national economies worldwide has been the extensive establishment of global value chains and the increased activities of transnational corporations (TNCs). Despite the scale of these phenomena, they have not received adequate scholarly attention, both at the level of individual countries and on a global scale. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis that combines theoretical approaches with empirical investigations of the interplay between the formation and vigorous expansion of global value chains and the dynamics of national economic transformation worldwide. This relationship is examined in the context of foreign multinational corporations operating in sectors such as chemistry and pharmaceuticals, electronics, electrical equipment, and the automotive industry.To achieve the objectives of this study, a range of complementary research methods were employed, including descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, generalization and grouping techniques, and cartographic analysis. The study yields several key findings:Firstly, a global trend of progressive reduction in the share of domestic producers within the industries under consideration has been observed. This trend is most conspicuous in the countries of the former socialist bloc in Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Romania. These countries previously maintained domestic production levels exceeding 50% of the total volume for the specific product types.Secondly, the field of automobile production exhibits the highest proportion of foreign companies contributing to the total volume of products manufactured. In 33 out of the 58 countries analyzed, foreign multinational corporations account for more than 50% of production. Thirdly, a selection of countries in Western Europe, the Middle East, and the Asia-Pacific region—such as Germany, Italy, France, Israel, the USA, China, Japan, the Russian Federation, India, and Korea—play a substantial role in the development of global value chains through the active expansion of their national TNCs. International companies from these countries are progressively shaping a global socio-economic framework.Lastly, recent years have seen the emergence of a new stage in the evolution of global value chains, prompted by exceptional factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the trade conflict between China and the United States, and the conflict in Ukraine. This stage necessitates a profound reconsideration of the strategies employed by current participants in global chains, driven by the imperative of preserving their sustainability.

Comparative analysis of volume and growth trends of grain production and world population

The methodology of their use in dimensionless form by means of the values, which represent the ratio of the real value of the examined value of the current year Y (t) to the value of this value in 1961 Y (t 0), was proposed for the World Bank data on the world population statistics and the volume of grain production by the world countries for the period 1961-2021. Based on the analysis of dimensionless time series Y we found mathematical models of the growth of world population and the growth of grain production. It is shown that during this period the world population growth was linear, and the world grain production growth was non-linear quadratic dependence, and the grain production growth rate for the period 1961-2020 exceeded almost 1.6 times the world population growth rate. Using the Pareto principle 13 countries of the world have been identified, which in 2020 provided 80% of the total volume of grain production in the world, and among these countries such four countries as China, United States, India and Europe gave 55% of the total volume of grain production in the world.

Проблемы и направления развития малого лесного предпринимательства Республики Коми

The study presents the assessment results on the forest business development in the Republic of Komi. The work identifies the key problems of the forest business development with possible solutions. The small forest business has been shown to play an important social role for the rural settlements where it often is the only source of economic base formation. The first post-perestroika 30 years was a period in the Komi Republic when the total production volume was done by less than two dozen large enterprises of the complex. The monopolization of forest resources gradually decreased the number of small forest business enterprises as they could not compete for raw materials and closed. In order to maintain and develop the forest business, the enterprises should change the concept from products with a low added value, sawn timber or logging, to products of high processing levels. The regional authorities should try to restore the timber processing industrial plants in every district which will make various wood products. The promising directions are production of thermo-modified wood, woody and coniferous flour, and essential oils.

The alkaline intraplate Pliocene-Quaternary lavas from the Middle Atlas Volcanic Field (Morocco): Petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry

The Middle Atlas Volcanic Field (MAVF) covers an area of 1500 km2, with a total erupted volume of solid products (DRE) estimated at more than 80 km3. In this study we present and discuss new petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical data of mafic rocks from the Timahdite and Lechmine N'kettane maars and of the Hebri, Habri (H1) and Boutagarouine scoria cones. For these volcanic areas we report the exclusive presence of alkaline and sodic undersaturated basaltic rocks (nephelinites, alkaline basalts and basanites). The studied lavas exhibit compositions typical of mantle-derived melts that underwent weak magmatic evolution processes (high Mg# = 56–68; Ni = 140–420 ppm; Cr = 150–500 ppm). Olivine and diopside are the main fractionation phases. Elemental data and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate a relatively homogeneous source region for the three lithotypes, which were generated in the presence of garnet as residual phase ([Tb/Yb]N = 2.4 to 3.0) through variable degrees of partial melting, decreasing from alkaline basalts to basanites and nephelinites. Magma genesis in equilibrium with garnet suggest that the sources were placed at depths in excess of 82 km, i.e., at asthenospheric depths in a region where the lithosphere has an estimated depth of about 77 km. The present-day Sr and Nd isotope signatures (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7031–0.7036; εNd = +2.5 to +5.5) of the lavas indicate a similarity with the Canary Islands lavas and, identically, the contribution of the HIMU and EM1 to the mantle sources. The sub-chondritic Ti/Eu ratios (down to 4471) and their negative correlation with Ca/Sr, Sr/Sm, Ga/Nb suggest carbonatitic metasomatism fingerprints, which is here considered the responsible for the introduction of amphibole in the lithosphere base. We propose that this carbonatite metasomatism was originated from the earliest low-degree melts, issued from the adiabatic decompression of the ascending mantle upwelling. This created low-solidus lithospheric domains which later interacted with the ascending silicate magmas. The fact that this mantle upwelling is rooted, like the Canary plume, in the same mantle anomaly at the top of the lower mantle explains the similar elemental and isotope characteristics between the studied MAFV lavas and those observed in Canary Islands.

Financial and credit support of market-oriented management of transport engineering enterprises

Purpose. To determine the priorities of the financial and credit support of transport machine building taking into consideration the needs of the national economy, state of marketing environment, and requirements of corporate management. Methodology. The information basis of the study is represented by the statistic data formed according to the classification of economic activity types KVED-2010 in terms of section C “Processing industry”, divisions 29 “Production of motor vehicles, trailers, and semitrailers” and 30 “Production of other transport means”. The research methodology involves analysis of dynamics and structure of production volumes, net profit of the transport engineering enterprises, formalization of trends, evaluation of credit capacity of the industry, and marketing and financial diagnostics. Findings. Key trends in the development of the transport machine-building market within the period of 2012–2020 are generalized: reduction of total production volumes and identification of subindustries-drivers of its growth. Structural shifts in the national economy owing to the growing specific weight of the production of motor vehicles, trailers, semitrailers in terms of prevalence of other transport means (first of all, railway and air ones) are identified. The priorities of financial and credit support of the transport machine building are specified taking into account the needs of civil national economy (railway locomotives and rolling stock, motor vehicles, air- and spacecraft, accompanying facilities) and military economy (military vehicles). To evaluate the objects of credit support, it is proposed to use a concept of credit capacity of an enterprise as its ability of accumulating banking credits on its balances in terms of certain currencies, terms, designated purpose, interest rates etc. as well as their timely servicing and payment. Originality. The scientific and methodological foundations of determining the priorities of financial and credit programme of the transport engineering enterprises are substantiated in the context of market-oriented corporate management, whose advantages are as follows (compared with the current ones): highlighting the time lags of production crisis and after-crisis renovation in the context of industries; determining structural shifts in the field of transport machine building, and identifying the economic activity types being leaders or outsiders in the sphere of financial and credit support of the expanded reproduction on this industry; defining polarization of business entities, being different in their size, according to the financial state and solvency with the focus on competitive advantages or crisis. Practical value. Proposals as for restructuring the activities of the transport engineering enterprises are substantiated basing on marketing diagnostics of the state of their internal and external environment, threats and possibilities in terms of war time, Ukraine’s getting a status of the member for the EU accession, and post-war renovation of the economy. In the framework of market-oriented management of the transport engineering enterprises, certain tendencies in the financial and credit support of their complex innovative development are substantiated.

О РОЛИ СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ В ПОИСКЕ НОВЫХ ПОДХОДОВ К РЕШЕНИЮ ПРОБЛЕМ ЭКОНОМИКИ ЗНАНИЙ

The article is dedicated to the research and search for ways to scientific substantiate the solution of the problems of the modern knowledge economy based on the application of the quality economy and its vital component: standardization. The definition of the innovative development mechanisms is clarified, the principle of their operation is shown. The results of the review and analysis of the state of the main branches of the knowledge economy: science, education, healthcare, biotechnology and information technology in 2010–2021 in Russia and separately in federal districts are presented. The data on the distribution of the volume of innovative goods, works, and services in the total volume of production across the country and by federal districts showed that there are large reserves for increasing the contribution of the Russian knowledge economy to the economic growth and development. With the leading role of information technology, a proposal has been made to develop digital standardization in order to improve the efficiency of innovative development mechanisms in the knowledge economy.