Total Oxidative Stress Research Articles

Investigation of the effects of lipoic acid and dihydrolipoate on experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion model

Objective: Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) causes tissue injury and the leading cause of acute kidney injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the long and short-term usage of ALA and short-term DHLA on oxidative stress markers in the experimental renal ischemia-reperfusion model. Methods: Forty male rats (250 to 300 gr) were divided into 5 groups: control; I/R group; long-term ALA+IR group; short-term ALA+IR group; and short-term DHLA+IR group. Ischemia was carried out for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion for 4 hours. Thiobarbituric acid reactive sunstances (TBARM), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in tissue samples and serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidative stress (TOS) assayed by the spectrophotometrically. Tissue samples were investigated by histopathological analyzes. Results: TBARM (Control: 0.38±0.05. I/R: 1.37±0.17, long-term ALA-treated group:1.025±0.15, short-term ALA-treated group: 0.68±0.09, short-term DHLA-treated group: 0.38±0.04 (nmol/mg protein); p<0,001) CAT (Control: 0.12±0.02, I/R: 0.04±0.008, long-term ALA-treated group: 0.07±0.01, short-term ALA-treated group:0.06±0.008, short-term DHLA-treated group: 0.08±0.01 (k/mg protein); p<0.001), GSH-Px (Control: 0.45±0.04, I/R: 0.21±0.028, long-term ALA-treated group: 0.37±0.05, short-term ALA-treated group :0.34±0.05, short-term DHLA-treated group: 0.37±0.04 (U/mg protein); p<0.001), and serum OSI levels (Control: 1.32±0.15, I/R: 3.08±0.44, long-term ALA-treated group: 1.775±0.21, short-term ALA-treated group: 1.85±0.37, short-term DHLA-treated group: 1.53±0.21 (arbitrary unit) ; p<0.001) were improved in the long and short-term ALA-treated group and short-term DHLA-treated group compared to the I/R group. These findings were more prominent in histopathological tissue samples in the DHLA-treated group. Conclusion: We consider that both long-term and short-term ALA applications have the potential for the treatment of renal I/R damage. Besides, DHLA is more effective than ALA.

Effects of neferine on retinal tissue in experimental diabetic rat model.

To investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivities, as well as apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and determine how neferine affected these parameters. Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups of seven. Fasting blood glucose was measured 72h after diabetes mellitus (DM) induction in 21 rats using 60mg/kg STZ dissolved in 0.4ml (0.1M) sodium-citrate buffer (pH:4.5), with values > 250mg/dl considered diabetic. Group 1 received no treatment. Group 3 (healthy rats) received daily intraperitoneal (IP) 4mg/kg neferine. Following DM induction: Group 2 (sham) received daily IP 0.25ml/kg 0.9% normal saline; Group 4 received single IP 0.01mL (2.5mg/kg) bevacizumab, followed by daily IP 0.25mL/kg 0.9% normal saline; and Group 5 received daily IP 4mg/kg neferine. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels in serum and ocular tissue homogenates were evaluated using ELISA. TUNEL method was used for determining apoptosis and immuno-histochemical staining for PCNA and VEGF immunoreactivities. Group 5 had significantly higher TAC and lower TOS in serum and ocular tissue homogenates than Group 4 (p < 0.05). Despite significantly lower VEGF levels and apoptosis (p < 0.05), there was no significant change in PCNA immunoreactivity in Group 5 (p > 0.05). DM was associated with lower TAC, higher TOS and apoptotic cells, as well as VEGF and PCNA immunoreactivities in the retina. Neferine altered parameters other than PCNA in the opposite direction, demonstrating reductive effects on DM.

INVESTIGATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SHILAGITE EXTRACT IN EXPERIMENTAL HEAD TRAUMA MODEL CREATED IN RATS.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of shilajit extract in experimental head trauma. Three groups of 33 Sprague Dawley Albino strain male rats were included in the study. Group 1 (n: 11): trauma but not treated. Group 2 (n: 11): trauma and treated with 0.5 mL / rat saline Group 3 (n: 11): 150 mg / kg shilajit extract was administered intraperitoneally in the treatment of trauma. Following the head trauma, the indicated treatments were applied to the 2nd and 3rd groups at the first, twenty-four and forty-eighth hours. Brain tissues and blood samples were taken after the control animals were sacrificed at the 72nd hour in all groups after trauma. Sections prepared from cerebral cortex and ca1 region were examined with hemotoxylin eosin and luxol fast blue staining. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant capacity and oxidative stress index were measured from blood samples taken after routine procedures. The number of red neurons and the severity of edema were significantly higher in both the cerebral cortex and the ca1 region in the group treated with trauma only and in the group administered saline after trauma compared to the group that received shilajit extract after trauma. The total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in blood samples taken only from the group treated with trauma and saline in post-trauma treatment compared to the group given post-traumatic shilajit extract, while shilajit extract given due to traumatic brain injury significantly decreased the total oxidant capacity and oxidative stress index values compared to the other groups. . As a result; Shilajit extract has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect in the treatment of acute traumatic brain injury. Our study showed that shilajit may be a useful option in the treatment of secondary brain injury, in humans.

The relationship between oxidative stress and autophagy and apoptosis in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Although the pathophysiology of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is not fully known, oxidative stress (OS) and atrial remodeling seem to be important triggers. Autophagy and apoptosis which are the types of cell death are fundamental processes in the human body. Although they investigated in many diseases, no study evaluated these parameters in PAF patients. We aimed to investigate autophagy and apoptosis which may be associated with atrial remodeling, and to show whether these factors are associated with OS in PAF patients. In this study, 44 PAF patients admitted to our clinic and 44 healthy volunteers were included. Serum total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and ATG5 for autophagy and serum M30 for apoptosis were studied. Serum TOS, OSI, ATG5, M30 and left atrium (LA) diameter were higher, while TAS was lower in PAF group than the control group (p < 0.001, for all). ATG5 was positively correlated with TOS, OSI and LA, whereas negatively correlated with TAS. Also, M30 was positively correlated with TOS and OSI, whereas negatively correlated with TAS. Logistic regression analysis showed that TOS (P = 0.002), ATG5 (p = 0.013) and M30 (p = 0.006) were independent predictors of the PAF. It also found that ATG5 was the only independent predictor of LA enlargement in linear regression analysis. Our study showed that ATG5 and M30 were increased, and they were correlated with OS in patients with PAF. Therefore, we suggest that autophagy and apoptosis may play an important role in the PAF process.

The Impact of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Meal on the Effects of Yerba Mate Drink on Metabolism, Performance, and Antioxidant Status in Trained Male Cyclists

IntroductionThe consumption of yerba mate (YM), a source of antioxidants, in a fasted state increases fatty acid oxidation (FATox) during low–moderate-intensity exercise and improves performance in high-intensity exercise. However, the impact of a pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) meal on YM effects during exercise is unknown.ObjectiveWe investigated the effects of yerba mate drink (YMD) consumed in the fasted state (YMD-F) or after a CHO meal (YMD-CHO) on measurements of metabolism, performance, and blood oxidative stress markers in cycling exercise.MethodsIn a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover design, eight trained male cyclists ingested (i) YMD-CHO, (ii) YMD-F, or (iii) control-water and CHO meal (Control-CHO). The YMD (an infusion of 5 g of ultrarefined leaves in 250 mL of water) was taken for 7 days and 40 min before exercise. CHO meal (1 g/kg body mass) was consumed 60 min before exercise. The cycling protocol included a 40-min low-intensity (~ 53% V̇O2peak) constant load test (CLT); a 20-min time trial (TT); and 4 × 10-s all-out sprints. Blood samples and respiratory gases were collected before, during, and/or after tests.ResultsDuring CLT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 13% vs. YMD-F (P = 0.041) and ~ 27% vs. Control-CHO (P < 0.001). During TT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 160% vs. YMD-F (P < 0.001) and ~ 150% vs. Control-CHO (P < 0.001). Power output during TT improved ~ 3% (P = 0.022) in YMD-CHO vs. Control-CHO and was strongly correlated with changes in serum total antioxidant capacity (r = −0.87) and oxidative stress index (r = 0.76) at post-exercise in YMD-CHO. Performance in sprints was not affected by YMD.ConclusionCHO intake did not negate the effect of YMD on FATox or TT performance. Instead, a synergism between the two dietary strategies may be present.Clinical Trial Registration NCT04642144. November 18, 2020. Retrospectively registered.

Nile crab Potamonautes niloticus shell extract: Chromatographic and molecular elucidation of potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities

Diseases emerging from oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalance are deeply threatening the modern world. Fisheries by-products are rich in bioactive metabolites. However, they are usually discarded, posing a real environmental burden. Herein we aimed to explore the bioactive compounds, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory capabilities of the shell of the freshwater Nile crab Potamonautes niloticus. Methanolic extract of crab shell was subjected to GC/MS and HPLC analyses of total lipids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Also, zebrafish Danio rerio was subjected to inflammatory status using CuSO4, then treated with different doses of shell extract. Total antioxidant capacity and QPCR analyses for gene expression of different antioxidant enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase(sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, i.e. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α), nuclear factor kappa B (nf-κb), interleukin 1-Beta (il-1b) were assessed. The results showed the richness of crab shell extract with ω − 9 (32.78 %), ω − 7 (6.37 %), and ω − 6 (4 %) unsaturated fatty acids. Diverse phenolic acids and flavonoids were found, dominaed by Benzoic acid (11.24 µg mL−1), Syringic acid (11.4 µg mL−1), Ferulic acid (10.55 µg mL−1), Kampferol (9.47 µg mL−1), Quercetin (6.33 µg mL−1), and Naringin (4.16 µg mL−1). Crab extract also increased the total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress enzymeś mRNA levels by 1.3–2.15 folds. It down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokineś mRNA levels by 1.3–2 folds in comparison to positive control (CuSO4-induced) zebrafishes. The net results indicated that Nile crab shell extract is a rich source of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. Therefore, we recommend to continuously explore the bioactive capabilities of exoskeletons of different shellfish species. This can provide additive values for these products and reduce the environmental burden of their irresponsible discarding.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Extract of Lepidium spinosum

In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Lepidium spinosum Ard., which is distributed in many regions of the world, were determined. The aerial parts of the plant were dried, powdered and extracted with ethanol. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of the plant extract were determined using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. Antimicrobial activities of the plant extract were determined against standard bacterial and fungal strains by agar dilution method. As a result of the studies, the TAS value of the plant extract was determined as 4.550±0.132, the TOS value as 12.610±0.221, and the OSI value as 0.277±0.007. In addition, it has been found to be effective at 25-200 µg/mL against standard bacterial strains and 100-200 µg/mL concentrations against fungal strains. As a result, it was determined that L. spinosum used in our study could be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source. In this context, it is thought that natural material may be used in pharmacological designs.

Effects of PCSK-9 Inhibition by Alirocumab Treatments on Biliary Cirrhotic Rats.

Hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress with elevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) exacerbate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is controlled by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). Alirocumab is a monoclonal antibody that decreases LDL via inhibiting PCSK9 function. Apart from lipid-lowering effects, alirocumab exerts anti-inflammation, anti-angiogenesis and anti-oxidant effects. This study aims to investigate the impact of alirocumab treatment on common bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced biliary cirrhotic rats. After a 4-week treatment of alirocumab, the hemodynamic data, blood biochemistry, ox-LDL level, oxidative stress markers, severity of hepatic encephalopathy and abnormal angiogenesis of BDL rats were measured and compared to the control group. BDL rats presented cirrhotic pictures and elevated ammonia, total cholesterol, LDL and ox-LDL levels compared to the control group. Alirocumab decreased plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and oxidative stress markers; however, it did not affect the hemodynamics, liver and renal biochemistry, and the plasma levels of ammonia and ox-LDL. The motor activities, portal-systemic collaterals and mesenteric vascular density were not significantly different between alirocumab-treated and control groups. In addition, it did not affect hepatic inflammation, intrahepatic angiogenesis, liver fibrosis and free cholesterol accumulation in the liver of BDL rats. In conclusion, PCSK9 inhibition by alirocumab treatment ameliorates hyperlipidemia and systemic oxidative stress in biliary cirrhotic rats. However, it does not affect the plasma level of ox-LDL, intrahepatic inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, PCSK9 inhibition has a neutral effect on abnormal angiogenesis and hepatic encephalopathy in biliary cirrhotic rats.

P-008 Microgravity exposure significantly decreases sperm motility and vitality. Can we consider human reproduction outside the Earth?

Abstract Study question Are fresh human sperm samples affected by different gravitational conditions than on Earth? Summary answer Motility and vitality of fresh human sperm samples are significantly decreased under microgravity conditions obtained by parabolic flight. What is known already Microgravity effects on the male reproductive system have mainly been studied in the animal model with diverse results and discouraging extrapolation in humans. While an increased motility was reported in bulls, mice models showed a decrease. Although preliminary data from the Micro-11 experiment presented by NASA reported human sperm alterations after microgravity exposure, our first study failed to show any significant effect of microgravity on “frozen” samples, suggesting that human sperm could be safely shipped outside the earth if important aspects related with cryopreservation were solved. Study design, size, duration Prospective study carried out in collaboration between the ART centre, a Technical University, and an Aviation Club specializing in parabolic flights.Two parabolic flights were conducted between 2020-2021, each consisting of 20 parabolic maneuvers, which means 160 seconds of microgravity exposure per sample. Fifteen sperm samples obtained from healthy men were included in the study in order to analyse the effects of microgravity and compare the results with those obtained in Earth gravity. Participants/materials, setting, methods Fresh sperm samples were checked pre-flight to evaluate vitality, concentration, motility and morphology. Samples were split into two to compare the effects of different gravity exposure: microgravity (flight) and Earth gravity (ground). After the flight, the same analysis were repeated, plus kinematics, DNA fragmentation by sperm chromatin dispersion, apoptosis by magnetic activated cell sorting, and oxidative stress by colorimetric test (Halosperm-Halotech). Computer Aided Semen Analysis (SCA-Scope) was used for cell counting. Main results and the role of chance On comparison of the mean values between fresh samples exposed to microgravity and those maintained on Earth gravity, statistical significant differences (p &amp;lt; 0,05) were found in the following parameters: vitality (69,7 ± 9,9 vs 72,4 ± 9,7 %), motile sperm concentration (23,7 ± 15,3 M/ml vs 31,5 ± 25,1 M/ml), grade “a” sperm concentration (8,7 ± 6,5 vs 11,7 ± 9,9 M/ml), percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility (30 ± 12,9 vs 36 ± 14,3 %), curvilinear motility-VCL (45,7 ± 12,8 vs 47,7 ± 13,3 μm/s). Under the study conditions, non-statistically significant differences were observed in the other kinematic parameters: Lineal Velocity (VSL), Average Path Velocity (VAP), Straightness (STR), Amplitude of Lateral Head displacement (ALH), Linearity (LIN), Wobble (WOB), Beat-Cross Frequency (BCF), total sperm concentration (81,7 ± 112,1 vs 79,7 ± 89,8 M/ml), morphology (11,3 ± 6,3 vs 10,6 ± 5,3%), DNA fragmentation (14,6 ± 9,6 vs 15,7 ± 9,4), apoptosis (2,8 ± 2,8 vs 3,8 ± 4,4) and oxidative stress, since all samples maintained the same stress level in both splits. Limitations, reasons for caution Parabolic flight is an accepted ground-based method for obtaining microgravity conditions, but provides a short period of elapsed exposure to microgravity. Therefore, the results obtained need to be confirmed by using other platforms that provide a much longer time of exposure. More cases must be analysed to confirm the results. Wider implications of the findings Short exposure to microgravity significantly decreases sperm motility and vitality. Such an effect is likely to be stronger with longer exposure. These findings should be taken into account since this may eventually affect sperm fertilizing capacity and therefore natural conception or ART with fresh/frozen sperm, outside of the Earth. Trial registration number NCT03760783

Alpha-lipoic acid-role in improving both reserpine toxicity and paroxetine treatment in the cerebral cortex of albino rats; histological, ultrastructural, immunohistohemical and biochemical studies

BackgroundReserpine is a monoamine depletory drug cause oxidative damage and used to induce depression-like features in rodent model. Paroxetine is an antidepressant drug that exerts its effects by inhibiting dopaminergic neurons although it may exert much pathological damage. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an endogenous antioxidant co-factor of important enzymatic complexes. The present study was aimed to elucidate the possible protective effect of ALA in the improvement of the deleterious cerebral cortex injury after reserpine and paroxetine treatment. Forty adult male albino rats were equally divided into 5 groups. Group I served as control group orally treated with saline solution all the experiment period. Group II animals orally treated with ALA (200 mg/kg/day) for six weeks. The induction of depression-like features occurred when the rest of animals were intraperitoneally treated with 25 mg/kg of reserpine once daily for consecutive 14 day. Then these animals were divided into; Group III (reserpine group) animals in this group were sacrificed on 15th day. Group IV; reserpine-treated animals were treated with paroxetine (20 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks. Group V, animals in this group were received paroxetine and ALA daily for 6 weeks.ResultsReserpine-treated rats showed disorganized layers of cerebral cortex with degenerative, apoptotic and necrotic changes. Ultrastructure changes include both pyramidal and granule cells with severe degenerative, necrotic and apoptotic features. The nuclei appeared pyknotic; irregular with chromatin condensation as well as the cytoplasm of these cells contained many degenerated organelles. In addition, a significant increase in total oxidative stress and decrease in total antioxidant capacity, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin levels were recorded. The same treatment showed significant decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and significant increase in caspase-3 expression in the granule and pyramidal cells. After paroxetine-treatment these parameters were more or less similar to those observed in reserpine-treated ones. While an obvious improvement was appeared when animal treated with both paroxetine and ALA and; all parameters restored its normal features.ConclusionsThis study concluded that; ALA treatment attenuated the cerebral injury induced by reserpine and improved the effects of paroxetine in rats due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antioxidant activities.

Vapour fast freezing with low semen volumes can highly improve motility and viability or DNA quality of cryopreserved human spermatozoa.

ObjectivesTo challenge a vapour fast freezing (VFF) cryopreservation procedure (conventional VFF) with several vitrification protocols and VFF conducted with small semen volumes (10 μl, microVFF), in order to implement a procedure for sperm banking in subjects with small sperm number.Materials and methodsConventional VFF was conducted with test yolk buffer (TYB) as freezing medium and 500 μl straws as carriers. MicroVFF was conducted with TYB and using tips or cell sleepers as carriers. Vitrification was performed with TYB or SpermFreeze as freezing medium and with microspheres and tips as carriers. The effect of different procedures on progressive and total motility, viability, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa (sDF) was determined. Fresh and thawed samples, the latter after adequate washing/centrifuging, were evaluated. In some experiments, motility and viability recovery was determined in thawed samples, omitting the washing/centrifuging step.ResultsAll the cryopreservation procedures blunted sperm motility and viability and induced increase of oxidative stress and sDF. However, VFF better preserved sperm motility and viability and less induced oxidative stress and sDF than vitrification, independently from the freezing medium and the carriers used in the latter. MicroVFF with cell sleepers resulted in a percentage increase of 57.58 ± 63.63%, 48.82 ± 74.96% and 24.55 ± 39.20% of, respectively, progressive and total motility and viability compared to the conventional VFF. Further, when tips were used, microVFF resulted in a percentage decrease of 15.77 ± 20.77% of sDF with respect to conventional VFF. Finally, omission of washing/centrifuging in post thawed samples, resulted in a much lower negative effect on motility and viability.Discussion and conclusionVFF, and in particular microVFF, better prevents sperm cryodamage than vitrification. Washing/centrifuging step after sample thawing seems to be responsible for a relevant fraction of damage to sperm motility and viability. Overall, our results are promising for developing a novel strategy of sperm banking in subjects with small sperm number, where low semen volumes are mandatory.

Glucose Tolerance, Antiprotease Activity and Total Oxidant/Antioxidant Capacity Studies of β-Glucosidase Hybrid Nanoflower for Industrial Applications.

β-Glycosidases, which catalyse the hydrolysis of glycoside bonds, have a wide spectrum of industrial applications. However, the reaction product glucose inhibits the activities of many β-glucosidases. Consequently, the reduced catalytic activities of the enzyme limit the industrial applications of the enzymes. For that reason, the studies dealing with maintaining the activities of the relevant enzymes at high glucose concentrations are a great interest among the researchers. In this context, herein, protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were synthesized using β-glucosidase and copper ion by fast sonication method for 10 min. After characterization of synthesized nanoflowers, pH/temperature studies, glucose tolerance, anti-protease activity, recyclability and total antioxidant and total oxidative capacity levels were estimated. Accordingly, the optimum pHs of free β-glucosidase and hybrid nanoflower (β-GNF) were found to be 6 and 5, respectively, and the optimum temperature values for both hybrid nanoflowers and free enzyme were 40 °C. β-GNF exhibited better activity than free enzyme in low acidic and alkaline environment and at high temperature. The nanoflower retained nearly all (99 %) of its initial activity at all glucose concentrations (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/mL), especially at pH 5 and 6. Also, β-GNF maintained more than 90 % of initial activity at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL glucose at pH 4 and 7. It also displayed about 96 % high residual activity after proteinase K treatment for 3 h at 37 °C, while that of the free β-glucosidase was about 87 %. The reusability studies showed that β-GNF only lost ∼28 % of its initial activities at the end of five cycles. The hybrid nanoflowers at 5 mg/mL concentration exhibited the high total antioxidant capacity. In addition, low total oxidant capacity and oxidative stress index levels were recorded at the same concentration of the hybrid nanoflower. The findings of the present study revealed that β-GNFs may be evaluated as a candidate for various industrial applications due to its high glucose tolerance, anti-protease activity, reusability and resistance to low acidic/alkaline environment and high temperature.

Mucolytic and Antioxidant Effects of Intranasal Acetylcysteine Use on Acute Rhinosinusitis in Rats with an Acute Rhinosinusitis Model

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is effective in the treatment murine model of acute rhinosinusitis in rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve rats were included in the study. The left nasal cavity of all rats was infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Group 1 was the group in which NAC was administered into the left nasal cavity twice daily. Group 2 was selected as the control group. All rats were then sterilely sacrificed under anesthesia after intracardiac blood sampling. After sacrifice, sterile culture samples were collected from the posterior nasal cavity. Results: Total oxidant status and oxidative stress index (OSI), interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α levels decreased significantly in the treatment group. Total antioxidant status was significantly increased. There was a statistically significant increase in total serum thiol levels and native thiol levels. Histopathologic evaluation showed a statistically significant decrease in submucosal gland hypertrophy in the treatment group. Conclusion: According to our study, intranasal application of NAC can decrease the inflammatory findings in murine acute rhinosinusitis.

Siklofosfamid Kaynaklı Toksisite Üzerine Salvia virgata Jacq'ın Hematoprotektif ve Antioksidan Etkilerinin Araştırılması

The present study aims to investigate hematoprotective and antioxidant effects of Salvia virgata (SV) on Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced toxicity. The rats were divided into 6 groups of 7 members each. These were the Control group, CP Group (150 mg kg-1), 100 and 200 mg kg-1 SV Groups, and CP+100 and CP+200 mg kg-1 SV Groups. All the rats were sacrificed to harvest their blood and bone marrow samples the day after final injections. While some of the blood samples were used for leukocyte and platelet count, the others were used to determine the levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), glutathione (GSH), and oxidative stress index (OSI). While a decrease was observed in the leukocyte, platelet and bone-marrow nucleated cell counts of the group given CP, apart from a decline in GSH and TAC levels, the MDA and TOC levels of the rats in this group showed an increase. In contrast, CP-induced oxidative stress and myelosuppression reversed in the combined SV Groups (CP+100 and 200 mg kg-1 of SV Groups), although the reversal in the latter group was of more significance. Our experimental results have shown that SV may exert antioxidant and cytoprotective effects upon CP-related peripheral blood and bone marrow toxicities.

The relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity, clinical parameters, and oxidative stress in fibromyalgia syndrome: A novel point of view.

Objectives This study aims to reveal the relationship between serum total antioxidant status (TAS), clinical parameters, and nutrition (dietary total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) in patients with fibromyalgia. Patients and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 60 female participants (mean age: 44.7±9.7 years; range, 18 to 50 years) at Gaziler Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital between July 2020 and February 2021. Thirty female patients with fibromyalgia were compared with 30 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy individuals. The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were used. Total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. Dietary TAC was calculated using the ferric reducing ability of plasma according to a food frequency questionnaire. Results Total antioxidant status showed no significant difference between groups (p=0.080). Total oxidant status and OSI were significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). The mean dietary TAC was 16.5±6.5 in the patient group and 17.2±6.2 in the control group, and it was similar between groups (p=0.492). Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index global score was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.001). Dietary TAC showed a moderate positive correlation with serum TAS in both groups (r=0.373, p=0.042 for the patient group, and r=0.380, p=0.038 for the control group). In the patient group, TOS and OSI showed a moderate positive correlation with FIQ total scores (r=0.420, p=0.021 and r=0.450, p=0.013, respectively). The mean polyunsaturated fatty acid and omega-6 intake of the patient group was significantly lower than the control group (p=0.025 for both). Dietary antioxidant intake from vegetables (p=0.025), legumes/nuts (p=0.049), and meat (p<0.001) was significantly lower, whereas dietary antioxidant intake from cereal and potatoes was significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion The results indicate that oxidative stress can be reduced by increasing dietary antioxidant intake in fibromyalgia.

Evaluation of malondialdehyde, total plasma peroxides, total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress index in gestational diabetes mellitus

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many pathological cases. it is implicated in both organ and systemic dysfunction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathological condition with first onset observed during pregnancy. It causes pregnancy complications and affects 2-7% of pregnant women. For that purpose, this studywas performed with 94 pregnant women with informed consent,51 were diagnosed with GDMand 43 apparently healthy pregnant women. The following parameters were assessed: Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Plasma Peroxide (TPP) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI). MDA, TPP, and TAC were determined colorimetrically and OSI calculated. Anthropometric indices (weight, height, BMI) and socio-demographic data were determined using standard methods. Data generated were analysed using ANOVA, Student t-test, LSD post hoc and Pearson correlation at P&lt;0.05. The TAC level was significantly higher in control groups (p&lt;0.05), while TPP and OSI were significantly higher in the GDM group compared to control group (p&lt;0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between TAC and OSI in GDM group (r= -0.486, p=0.005*), and a positive correlation between MDA and BMI, as well as MDA and Age in GDM group (r=0.527, p=0.002* and r=0.375, p=0.034* respectively). GDM patients tend to have a higher TPP level and decreased TAC which may enhance the pathogenesis or pathophysiology of these conditions.

Study of the levels of oxidative stress status in sera among Iraqi patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: Chronic hyperglycaemia and cluster of lipid abnormalities associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), is defined by decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increases in triglyceride (TG) and small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to increased lipid peroxidation in the body, followed by the development of chronic complications due to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was carried out to compare total antioxidant (TAO) levels and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with that of healthy controls without diabetes. Methods: A total of 93 participants (68 T2DM divided into three groups: group I (19) patients with diabetic duration (˂5 years), group II (19) patients with diabetic duration (≥5˃10 years), group III (30) patients with diabetic duration (≥10 years) and 25 healthy people) gave their consent and participated in the study. Thus, to achieve that, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI), as well as the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile were measured in patients group and the healthy individuals.

Amomum subulatum mitigates total body irradiation-induced oxidative stress and its associated inflammatory response by enhancing the antioxidant status and regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines

Free radical-induced oxidative damage and associated inflammatory responses play a crucial role in cancer radiotherapy (RT) mediated normal tissue toxicities. Supplementation of antioxidants or inflammation modulators may alleviate RT toxicity, thereby improving clinical outcomes. Amomum subulatum is a dietary spice rich in biologically active phytochemicals. The present study investigates radiation dose-modifying factor (DMF) and radioprotective efficacy of methanolic extract of Amomum subulatum dry fruits (MEAS) in mice exposed to different doses of total body irradiation (TBI). Administration of MEAS resulted in a DMF of 1.25 Gy, ascertaining its radioprotective efficacy. MEAS reversed X-ray-induced redox imbalance by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms. MEAS prevented TBI-induced hematopoietic damages by significantly (P<.01) enhancing bone marrow cellularity, total white blood cell count, and hemoglobin level. MEAS prevented p53-mediated apoptotic death of intestinal cells and increased the expression of cytoprotective genes Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1). Expression of apoptosis regulating genes revealed that MEAS reduced radiation-induced apoptotic death of intestinal cells. Treatment with MEAS also reduced inflammatory responses via reversing TBI-induced elevation in serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) levels. Tissue histopathology further confirmed the protective effect of MEAS against TBI-induced inflammatory responses, suggesting the potential of MEAS in modulating inflammation. These effects might perhaps be attributed to the synergistic effect of biologically active polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and Nrf2 activating potential in MEAS. Our findings demonstrated the radioprotective efficacy of MEAS, suggesting the possible nutraceutical application of Amomum subulatum in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation.

Evaluation of total oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of brain tumour patients attending referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, 2020: a comparative cross-sectional study.

BackgroundThe exact cause of brain tumours is still unknown, but disruptions of redox balance are thought to play a significant role in all stages of brain tumour development. However, the roles of free radical imbalance at different grades of brain tumour and degree of oxidative stress before and after surgery have not been addressed in prior studies.AimA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the redox imbalance among confirmed brain tumour patients.Methods and resultsAn institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 100 participants (50 brain tumour patients and 50 controls) at referral hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) (post-hoc) analysis were used and statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. The serum oxidised glutathione and total oxidative stress were significantly higher in the serum of brain tumour patients (0.72 ± 0.03 μM/μg and 9.66 ± 1.76 μmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) compared to the control group (0.21 ± 0.07 μM/μg and 6.59 ± 0.81 μmol H2O2 Eq/L, respectively) (p ≤ 0.05). The serum total oxidant status gradually increased as the tumour grade increased, being higher in grade four (11.96 ± 0.72) and lower in grade one (8.43 ± 1.56), and the mean differences were statistically significant (p ≤ 0 05). A statistically significantly higher total antioxidant capacity (116.78 ± 5.03 Trolox Eq/L) was obtained in the post-surgery than pre-surgery level (79.65 ± 17.914 Trolox Eq/L) (p ≤ 0 05).ConclusionHigher oxidant and lower antioxidant levels were found in the serum of brain tumour patients than in the control group. The post-surgery oxidant level was lower than the pre-surgery state. The findings of this study could suggest that redox imbalance may have a role in the pathophysiology of brain tumours, but further experimental studies are needed.

Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis with Standard of Care and Bioptron Hyperlight Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in a cohort of patients with peri-implant mucositis: (a) the efficacy of professional mechanical debridement therapy assisted using Bioptron Hyperlight Therapy on the reduction in periodontal indexes and (b) the reduction in total oxidative salivary stress. Forty subjects with a diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis were enrolled and randomly assigned to the Study Group (mechanical debridement therapy assisted using Bioptron Hyperlight Therapy) or Control Group (mechanical debridement therapy alone). The study duration was 6 months. Data on plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and pain relief on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were recorded at T0, T1 (14 days), T2 (1 month), and T3 (6 months). Group differences were assessed using Student’s t-test and Pearson’s Chi-squared test of homogeneity. PI and PPD decreased in the Study Group at the [T0; T1] time interval and during the overall time of observation significantly more than in the Control Group; BoP and pain on VAS decreased significantly faster in the Study Group than in the Control Group. Differences in Salivary Antioxidant Test (SAT) changes were not significant at any time interval. Patients’ gender and smoking habit were not correlated with the clinical outcomes. Clinical parameters related to peri-implant mucositis significantly improved in the Study Group, which demonstrated the clinical efficacy of the Bioptron Hyperlight Therapy as an adjunct to standard of care for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. The RCT was registered at the US National Institutes of Health #NCT05307445.