Total Oxidative Stress Research Articles

<p><strong>Anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and DNA protective potential of mushroom <em>Leucopaxillus gentianeus</em> (Quél.) Kotl.</strong></p>

Mushrooms are important natural materials used in complementary medicine. In this context, the present study investigates the biological activities and phenolic content of mushroom Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Quél.) Kotl. Methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of the mushroom was used in the study. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured with Rel assay kits. DNA protective activity was determined with pBR 322 supercoil DNA. The effects of the extracts on lung cancer A549 cell line were tested to determine the cytotoxic effects. Antimicrobial activities were tested using 9 microorganisms with the modified agar dilution method. The mushroom MeOH and DCM extracts exhibited the highest activity against Candida glabrata, C. albicans and C. krusei. It was also determined that L. gentianeus had a high antioxidant potential. Furthermore, it was identified that DNA protective and cytotoxic activities of the mushroom were also present. Analysis for phenolic contents using HPLC revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid. Overall results suggest that the mushroom L. gentianeus has considerable pharmacological potential, particularly anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and DNA protective action.

Impact of smoking on oxidant/antioxidant status and oxidative stress index levels in serum of the university students.

Despite frequent warnings of irreversible side effects of smoking in public media, the consumption of cigarette is increasing dramatically in both developed and developing countries. Cigarette smoke contains different kinds of chemicals, which all capable of inducing free radical production. There are studies supporting the idea that these free radicals have adverse effects in body and causing oxidative stress. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is considered as the total effect of all antioxidants and total oxidant status (TOS) shows the total effect of all oxidants existing in body fluids. Therefore, this research focused on the measurement and comparison of these markers in the serum of university students. This study designed to determine the total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels in the serum of active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers in university students. A total of 150 participants were included in the study. The study population consisted of 50 smokers, 50 passive smokers and 50 nonsmokers. In serum samples, the levels of TAC and TOS were measured by spectrophotometric method using Rel Assay Diagnostics kit. Oxidative stress index was calculated through the TOS/TAC formula in three groups. The mean value TAC levels in serum samples of the three groups of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers were 1.096, 1.220 and 1.844 mmol Trolox equivalent/L, respectively, which were significantly greater in nonsmokers than smokers and passive smokers. The mean value TOS levels in serum samples of the three groups of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers were 13.747, 11.099 and 7.6510 µmol H2O2 equivalent/L, respectively, which were significantly lower in nonsmokers than two other groups. OSI values in smokers and passive smokers were significantly higher than the control group. According to our findings, the antioxidant capacity in all smokers (active and inactive) was less than the control group (non-smokers). The results of this study showed that smoking reduces the activity of the antioxidant defense system and activates the oxidative stress system in the body. Based on these findings, it can be clearly concluded that the decrease in antioxidant capacity in smokers is associated with increased production of oxidants and free radicals.

Assessment of oxidative stress, trace elements, serum biochemistry, and hormones levels in weaned calves with dermatophytosis

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate oxidative stress, serum biochemistry, trace elements, minerals, and testosterone and thyroid hormone levels in weaned calves with dermatophytosis. A total of 28 weaned Holstein calves were used in the study, including 6-8 months old, 14 with dermatophytosis (7 males, 7 females) and 14 healthy (7 males, 7 females). The animals were grouped as the diseased and healthy animals, 14 animals in each group as well as the male diseased and the male healthy animals were grouped as 7 animals in each group for the comparison of testosterone levels. The blood analyses were performed using ELISA kits and biochemistry automatic analyzer. There was a significant difference between the diseased and healthy groups for NO (nitric oxide) (P<0.05), TOS (total oxidative stress) (P<0.001), TAC (total antioxidant capacity) (P<0.01). However, in comparison of the diseased and healthy groups, serum biochemistry with the exception of glucose and triglyceride,trace elements except for manganese, minerals, and thyroid hormone levels were not statistically different (P>0.05). In comparison of the diseased and healthy animals for testosterone levels, it was not determined any difference (P>0.05). The present study revealed that dermatophytosis could affect oxidant status in calves with dermatophytosis, and that TOC (total oxidant capacity) and NO as oxidative stress marker might be increased for fungicidal effect in the diseased animals with dermatophytosis.

Evaluation of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status of Fluvoxamine on Human Lymphocyte Cell Culture

Depression is one of the prevalent psychiatric diseases in Turkey and the world. Fluvoxamine is a strong selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that is used as an antidepressant. No study investigating the doses of Fluvoxamine treatment that may lead to a disruption in the oxidant-antioxidant balance on the cellular level in addition to its beneficial effects has been found in the literature. For this purpose, by creating Fluvoxamine application groups at the doses of 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 μM and durations of 24 and 48 hours on human lymphocyte cell cultures, we investigated the total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI). According to the results of the study, the TOS levels of all dose groups increased significantly in the 24- and 48-hour applications (p<0.05). While the TAS levels significantly increased in the 24-hour application of the doses of 7.5 and 15 μM and 48-application of the dose of 7.5 μM, they significantly decreased in the 24- and 48-hour applications of the doses of 30 and 60 μM (p<0.05). The OSI level increased significantly in the 24- and 48-hour applications of the doses of 30 and 60 μM. The results of our study demonstrated that, in the 24- and 48-hour applications of the doses of 30 and 60 μM, the antioxidant system could not compensate and the cells exposed to oxidative stress.

SERUM LEVELS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL VERSUS FERTILE WOMEN OF KUTAHYA CITY, TURKEY

Background: Decreased concentration of both oestrogen hormone and vitamin D in postmenopausal period may lead to oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, dyslipidaemia, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the serum levels of oxidative stress parameters; TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL in postmenopausal and fertile women of Kutahya city, Turkey. Materials &amp; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya University of Health Sciences, Kutahya, Turkey from July, 2016 to December, 2016. Kutahya is a city in western Turkey, with population of 237,804 as per 2011 estimates. Two samples were drawn from this population with consecutive technique. Study group included 40 menopausal women, while control group included 40 healthy fertile women. After overnight fasting, venous blood samples were collected, centrifuged, aliquoted into a polystyrene tube, and aliquots were stored at -80°C until measurement for total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase (ARYL) measurements were made. Levels of TOS, TAS, OSI, PON-1, ARYL were five research variables on ratio scale. ‘Normal’ data were described by mean, range and SD and skewed data by median, Q1, Q3 and IQR with 95% confidence intervals. For normal data, independent-samples t-test and for skewed data Mann–Whitney U test was used for hypotheses testing. Results: Serum total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher (p-value .015 &amp; .003 respectively), and serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and arylesterase (ARYL) levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal than fertile women (p-value &lt;.0001 &amp; .0005 respectively), with no statistical difference for serum total antioxidant status (TAS) levels between the two groups (p-value .186). Conclusion: Postmenopausal period is associated with oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defence. HDL-c-dependent PON-1 and ARYL activities are also reducing due to a decrease of HDL-c with menopause. Elevated levels of TOS and OSI, decreased levels of PON-1 and ARYL may lead to various life-threatening diseases such as cardiovascular disorders or cancer.

The protective effect of astaxanthin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.

Promising studies have been conducted with many substances to reduce the ototoxic effects of cisplatin, but there is no treatment that completely eliminates the ototoxic effect. To determine the effectiveness of astaxanthin (ASX) as a protective agent against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Group 1 received no drug injections except for anesthetics; group 2 received intraperitoneal (IP) olive oil only for 8 days; group 3 received only IP ASX 75 mg/kg dissolved in olive oil for 8 days; group 4 received a single dose of only IP 16 mg/kg cisplatin on the 5th day; group 5 received 25 mg/kg ASX IP daily for 8 days and a single 16 mg/kg dose of cisplatin on the 5th day; group 6 received 75 mg/kg ASX IP daily for 8 days and a single 16 mg/kg dose of cisplatin on the 5th day. The animals were tested for distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) before and 3 days after cisplatin treatment. The animals in all groups were sacrificed under anesthesia on the 10th day. Before sacrifice, inferior vena cava blood samples were drawn into commercial tubes for biochemical analysis and their cochlea were prepared for histological analysis. The ASX+cisplatin groups demonstrated significantly higher DPOAE thresholds when compared to the cisplatin-only group (p < 0.05). The ASX 25 mg/kg/day+cisplatin group showed a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity compared to the cisplatin-only group, whereas the ASX 75 mg/kg/day+cisplatin group had significantly lower total oxidative stress and oxidative stress index. Histologic results showed that the cortical organ was better preserved in the ASX+cisplatin groups compared to the cisplatin-only group, and the degeneration in the spiral ganglion and inner and outer hair cells was less visible in the ASX groups. Astaxanthin can protect hearing from cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, prevent cellular degeneration and significantly reduce oxidative stress.

Önemli Tıbbi Bitkilerden Biri Olan Achillea millefolium L. (Civanperçemi) Bitkisinin Besin Elementi Konsantrasyonları ve Antioksidan Aktivitesi

Bu çalışmada, tıbbi nitelik taşıdığı bilinen Achillea millefolium L. (Civanperçemi) bitkisinin besin elementi konsantrasyonlarının ve antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; Sivas ili Divriği ilçesinden toplandığı bilinen Civanperçemi bitkisinin makro ve mikro besin elementi konsantrasyonları ile su ekstresinin toplam antioksidan seviyesi (TAS), toplam oksidan seviyesi (TOS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) değerleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Civanperçemi bitkisinin bazı makro ve mikro besin elementi konsantrasyonları bakımından yeter düzeyde olduğu, makro elementlerden azot (N), fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum, mikro elementlerden demir (Fe), çinko (Zn), mangan (Mn) ve bakır (Cu) konsantrasyonlarının sırasıyla %1,01 N, %0,63 P, %2,43 K, %2,22 Ca, %0,70 Mg, 360,4 mg/kg Fe, 47,6 mg/kg Zn, 85,5 mg/kg Mn ve 28,3 mg/kg Cu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan potansiyelinin ise orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bitkinin oksidan kapasitesi ve oksidatif stres indeksi düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anti-Oxidoreductive stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats

Olive leaves extract is famous for its antioxidant and protective effects. In this study, the aqueous extract of Iraqi Olea europaea L. Leaves was investigated for its anti-diabetic effects against low double doses of alloxan induced Diabetes Mellitus in rats. Low double doses (75 mgKg body weight) of alloxan were injected intraperitoneally at day 1&29 of the experimental period in rats, whereas an aqueous extract of Iraqi Olea europaea L. Leaves was added continuously to their drinking water. Serum malondialdehyde concentration, total oxidative stress and oxidative stress index as oxidoreductive stress biomarker, activities of certain anti-oxidoreductive stress enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase and catalase) and concentration of reduced form glutathione wit total antioxidative stress capacity and lipid profile were estimated. Furthermore, histopathological evaluation of pancreas and liver were conducted. Obviously, the double doses of Alloxan that injected intraperitoneally were enhanced oxidoreductive stress by elevation of malondialdehyde and decreased some antioxidative stress biomarkers like GSH-Px and reduced form of glutathione and ultimately by increasing fasting blood glucose. Simultaneously, The diabetic rats treated with the extract showed reduction in fasting blood glucose by enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved some antioxidative parameters, and significantly decreased the histopathologic lesions noticed in pancreas of the treated diabetic rats. Together with converting the pathology of these organs caused by diabetes to almost normal architecture. Taken together, the aqueous extract of Iraqi olive leaves demonstrated many therapeutic criteria to cope with oxidoreductive stress mediated diabetes mellitus in alloxan injected rats. How to Cite this Article Pubmed Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP. 2020; 11(1): 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Web Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=83962 [Access: March 28, 2021]. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 AMA (American Medical Association) Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP. 2020; 11(1): 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Vancouver/ICMJE Style ASSUMAIDAEE AAM, ALI NM, IBRAHEEM ZO, FADHIL AA, AL-HELLI KAA. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP. (2020), [cited March 28, 2021]; 11(1): 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Harvard Style ASSUMAIDAEE, A. A. M., ALI, . N. M., IBRAHEEM, . Z. O., FADHIL, . A. A. & AL-HELLI, . K. A. A. (2020) stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in SRP, 11 (1), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Turabian Style ASSUMAIDAEE, AJWAD AWAD MUHAMMAD, NATHERA M. ALI, ZAID O IBRAHEEM, AMMAR A. FADHIL, and KHULOOD AZEEZ ANBER AL-HELLI. 2020. stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (1), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 Chicago Style ASSUMAIDAEE, AJWAD AWAD MUHAMMAD, NATHERA M. ALI, ZAID O IBRAHEEM, AMMAR A. FADHIL, and KHULOOD AZEEZ ANBER AL-HELLI. Anti-Oxidoreductive stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style ASSUMAIDAEE, AJWAD AWAD MUHAMMAD, NATHERA M. ALI, ZAID O IBRAHEEM, AMMAR A. FADHIL, and KHULOOD AZEEZ ANBER AL-HELLI. Anti-Oxidoreductive stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.1 (2020), 292-302. Print. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38 APA (American Psychological Association) Style ASSUMAIDAEE, A. A. M., ALI, . N. M., IBRAHEEM, . Z. O., FADHIL, . A. A. & AL-HELLI, . K. A. A. (2020) stress Effects of Iraqi Olea Europaea L. Leaves Extract against Low Double Doses of Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (1), 292-302. doi:10.5530/srp.2020.1.38

Prebiotics reduce feather pecking behavior, and improve trace element profile and redox balance in Mule ducks

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effects of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) and β-glucan (BG) combination (MOS-BG prebiotics) on feather pecking behavior, some physiological aspects and brain histology in Mule ducks. A total of 48 Mule ducks (15 days of age) were assigned to 3 treatments; 4 control (C) groups of ducks fed a basal diet only, 4 low-dose AGRIMOSⓇ (LA) (1.5 g/kg diet) groups, and 4 high-dose AGRIMOSⓇ (HA) (3 g/kg diet) groups. The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Feather pecking behavior was recorded by direct observation for altogether 1 hour/pen/week. Blood samples and brain tissues were collected from 2 ducks per pen (8 ducks per treatment group) at the end of the experiment. Feather pecking frequency and feather scores of the wings, back, and vent regions were significantly lower in HA compared to C groups, but higher in LA groups. Dopamine levels were highest in LA groups, followed by C and HA groups, and serotonin levels showed an opposite outcome pattern. Iron levels were highest in LA groups and vitamin C levels highest in HA groups. A dose-dependent increase in both magnesium level and superoxide dismutase activity was observed in LA and HA groups. Both LA and HA groups showed similarly increased zinc, copper and vitamin E levels, glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity as well as decreased total peroxide levels and oxidative stress indices were found. This, points to a possible welfare enhancing effect of MOS-BG prebiotics in ducks. However, no clear association between feather pecking behavior and antioxidant capacity was apparent. Additionally, the extent of feather pecking behavior was not reflected by any histological or cytological changes in the brain tissues or neurons, respectively. Considering the low sample size and the unexplainable result of more feather pecking when fed with low doses of prebiotics further investigations are needed. However, the study indicates that utilization of MOS-BG prebiotics at the high dose may attenuate feather pecking behavior and enhance the oxidative stability and trace element reserve.

Antioxidant Activity and Element Content of Suillus collinitus

Mushrooms used as food have medicinal importance due to their antioxidant compounds. In this context, it is very important to determine the biological potential of fungi and to reveal these medicinal properties. In this study, it was aimed to determine the element contents, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index of Suillus collinitus (Fr.) Kuntze mushroom. In this context, the mushroom samples were extracted with ethanol in the Soxhlet extractor. Element contents were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Total antioxidant (TAS) and total oxidant (TOS) levels and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined using Rel Assay commercial kits. As a result of the study, it was determined that the TAS value of S. collinitus was 2.467 ± 0.145 mmol/L, TOS value was 17.845 ± 0.273 µmol/L and OSI value was 0.677 ± 0.030. In addition, the Fe content (350.72 ± 10.23), Cu content (68.11 ± 2.51), Pb content (11.58 ± 2.43), Zn content (10.46 ± 1.28) and Ni content (1.47 ± 0.21 mg.kg-1) of S. collinitus measured. As a result, S. collinitus mushroom is thought to be a natural source of antioxidants. It has also been observed that the element contents are at normal levels.

Protective Effects of Liposomal Curcumin on Oxidative Stress/Antioxidant Imbalance, Metalloproteinases 2 and -9, Histological Changes and Renal Function in Experimental Nephrotoxicity Induced by Gentamicin.

Background: Our study aimed to assess the efficiency of Curcumin nanoformulation (LCC) on experimental nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin in rats. Methods: Six groups of seven rats were used: C—(control group) received saline solution i.p. (i.p. = intraperitoneal), G—gentamicin (G, 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), GCC1 and GCC2—with G and CC solution (single dose of 10 mg/kg b.w.-CC1, or 20 mg/kg b.w.-CC2), GLCC1 (10 mg/kg b.w.) and GLCC2 (20 mg/kg b.w.) with G and LCC administration. Oxidative stress parameters (NOx = nitric oxide, MDA = malondialdehyde, TOS = total oxidative stress), antioxidant parameters (CAT = catalase, TAC = total antioxidant capacity), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and renal function parameters (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urea) were measured. Kidneys histopathologic examination was made for each group. Results: Pretreatment with CC and LCC in both doses had significantly alleviating effects on assessed parameters (NOx, MDA, TOS, CAT, TAC, MMP-2, and -9) as compared with the untreated group (p < 0.006). Histopathological aspect and renal function were significantly improved in CC and LCC groups. Liposomal formulation (LCC) showed higher efficiency on all examined parameters compared to CC (p < 0.006). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated improving renal function and kidney cytoarchitecture, oxidative stress/antioxidant/balance, and MMPs plasma concentrations with better dose-related efficacity of LCC than CC.

Evaluation of the biological activities of olivetoric acid, a lichen-derived molecule, in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Many lichen secondary metabolites contributed to the field of pharmacology as an active ingredient of different drugs for years. In the present study, we aimed to test the anticancer activity of olivetoric acid (OA), which we isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). In addition, we used non-tumoral human liver cells (THLE2) to test the level of side effects of OA in vitro. For this purpose, cytotoxic (apoptotic and necrotic), oxidant, genotoxic activities and expression levels of apoptotic genes caused by different concentrations (12.5–400 mg/L) of OA were tested on both cells. Flow cytometric and cytotoxicity tests (MTT and LDH) revealed that OA (100–400 mg/L) had a higher rate of apoptotic effects on HepG2 cells compared to THLE2. Total oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage levels caused by all concentrations of OA on HepG2 cells was significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared to negative control. Trials with concentrations of 100–400 mg/L significantly (p < 0.05) increased total antioxidant capacity on THLE2 cells compared to the control group. As a result, based on human hepatocellular carcinoma, it is hoped that OA may contribute to the combined or alternative treatment process.

Thiol-disulphide balance and total oxidant-antioxidant status in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

To assess the dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis (DTDH) and total oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to evaluate their association with HCV-RNA levels. Levels of serum total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), disulphide (DS), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) as oxidative stress markers were determined in 162 individuals, including 74 patients with HCV infection and 88 non-HCV controls. HCV genotypes and HCV-RNA levels of the patients were recorded. The NT, TT and TAS levels and NT/TT ratio were significantly lower in the HCV group compared with the control group. On the contrary, DS, TOS and OSI levels and DS/NT and DS/TT ratios were significantly higher. Patients with high HCV RNA levels (> 650000IU/mL) had higher DS levels than patients with low HCV-RNA levels (<650000IU/mL). Genotype 1 was observed in 68.9% of patients with HCV. Levels of oxidative stress parameters were similar between genotype 1 and other genotypes (2, 3 and 5). No significant correlations were found between oxidative stress markers and albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin and HCV-RNA levels in patients with HCV infection. A negative correlation was found only between OSI and albumin. Our results suggest that DTDH shifts towards the DS direction because of thiol oxidation in HCV-infected patients. Furthermore, DS levels were significantly higher in patients with high HCV-RNA levels compared with patients with low HCV-RNA levels.

Nanomicellar curcuminoids attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat through prevention of apoptosis and downregulation of MAPKs pathways

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is considered as a main problem in clinical practice. Curcuminoids, the active constituents of turmeric, seem to have potential renoprotective effects. However, the poor bioavailability of curcuminoids restricts their therapeutic effects. In the present study, the effect of nanomicellar curcuminoids (NC) treatment on renal function, histology, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidative stress (TOS), caspase-3 level as well as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs: JNK, p38 and ERK) phosphorylation were evaluated following renal I/R. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered NC at the dose of 25mg/kg 1h before renal ischemia induction. The animals were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 60min and reperfusion for 24h. Subsequently, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), renal histopathology, TAC, TOS, and oxidative stress index, cleaved caspase-3 level, Bax and MAPKs signaling were evaluated. The results indicated that NC pretreatment at the dose of 25mg/kg significantly improved renal function as well as histolopatholgical damages. Moreover, NC reduced the level of renal oxidative stress, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (as the proapoptotic proteins) and suppressed the activated Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular receptor kinase (ERK) signaling induced by renal I/R. The findings of the current study indicate that NC might prevent the injury induced by renal I/R through suppression of oxidative stress, apoptosis and MAPKs pathways.

Quantum Sensors To Track Total Redox-Status and Oxidative Stress in Cells and Tissues Using Electron-Paramagnetic Resonance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Optical Imaging

Total redox capacity (TRC) and oxidative stress (OxiStress) of biological objects (such as cells, tissues, and body fluids) are some of the most frequently analyzed parameters in life science. Development of highly sensitive molecular probes and analytical methods for detection of these parameters is a rapidly growing sector of BioTech's R&D industry. The aim of the present study was to develop quantum sensors for tracking the TRC and/or OxiStress in living biological objects using electron-paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and optical imaging. We describe a two-set sensor system: (i) TRC sensor QD@CD-TEMPO and (ii) OxiStress sensor QD@CD-TEMPOH. Both redox sensors are composed of small-size quantum dots (QDs), coated with multinitroxide-functionalized cyclodextrin (paramagnetic CD-TEMPO or diamagnetic CD-TEMPOH) conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP) groups. The TPP groups were added to achieve intracellular delivery and mitochondrial localization. Nitroxide residues interact simultaneously with various oxidizers and reducers, and the sensors are transformed from the paramagnetic radical form (QD@CD-TEMPO) into diamagnetic hydroxylamine form (QD@CD-TEMPOH) and vice-versa, because of nitroxide redox-cycling. These chemical transformations are accompanied by characteristic dynamics of their contrast features because of quenching of QD fluorescence by nitroxide radicals. The TRC sensor was applied for EPR analysis of cellular redox-status in vitro on isolated cells with different proliferative indexes, as well as for noninvasive MRI of redox imbalance and severe oxidative stress in vivo on mice with renal dysfunction.

Oxidative stress activity of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis

ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in MS pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which were reported to be effective in the pathogenesis of MS, and therapeutic efficacy of fingolimod used in the treatment of MS. Materials and methodsSerum TOS and total TAC levels of 25 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) were measured before fingolimod treatment was initiated and in the third month of treatment and compared with those of 40 healthy individuals. Measurement of TOS activity was performed with TOS Assay Kit (Rel Assay Diagnostics, Turkey). Measurement of TAC activity was also performed with TAC Assay Kit (Rel Assay Diagnostics, Turkey). ResultsA statistically significant increase was observed in the TOS levels measured before fingolimod treatment in the patient group compared to the control group. The TOS levels measured in the third month of the treatment were found to decrease significantly compared to the pre-treatment TOS levels. An increase was observed in TAC levels after the treatment; however, no significant difference was found between the groups in terms of TAC levels. There was a positive correlation between the pre- and post-treatment Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and TOS values whereas no significant correlation was observed between the pre- and post-treatment EDSS scores and TAC values. ConclusionThe present study has revealed that fingolimod reduced oxidative stress. There was a positive correlation between the pre- and post-treatment EDSS and TOS values, which confirmed that there was a close correlation between the MS and oxidative stress. There are some limitations in this study. The small number of patients and the short follow-up times can be listed among these limitations. Our study does not contain a definitive answer to what is the mechanism of increased TOS in MS patients and how fingolimod reduces TOS levels. More detailed studies are needed on this subject.

Effects of smoking on the gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-17A, interleukin-17E, and oxidative stress following periodontal treatment process.

How smoking affects periodontal inflammation and healing still needs to be revealed with all its mechanisms. In this study, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of: (a) interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interleukin-17E(IL-17E) with their ratios and (b) oxidative stress by means of total oxidative stress (TOS), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAOC), and their ratios as the oxidative stress index (OSI) were evaluated and compared for smoking and non-smoking periodontitis patients after a periodontitis management process including both the non-surgical and surgical treatments. Fifteen smoker and 15 non-smoker generalized periodontitis patients as 2 distinct groups participated in the study. Conventional clinical and radiographical examinations were utilized for the periodontitis diagnosis. The clinical data and GCF samples were collected at baseline, 4week after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), and 4weeks after surgical periodontal treatment (SPT). IL-17A, IL-17E, TOS, and TAOC were determined by ELISA and Rel Assay. Clinical parameters in both smokers and non-smokers improved following periodontal treatment (P<.001) and their clinical data were similar for all the examination times (baseline, NSPT, and SPT) (P>.05). Following the treatment phases, the IL-17A concentration decreased and the IL-17E concentration increased in both the smokers and non-smokers (P<.01). The total amount of IL-17A decreased while the total amount of IL-17E increased in smokers throughout NSPT and SPT (P<.01). Such an alteration was seen only at SPT compared to NSPT and baseline in non-smokers (P<.01). The concentration and total amount of IL-17A were higher at baseline, and the concentration and total amount of IL-17E were lower at all examination time points in non-smokers as compared to smokers (P<.01). The 17A/E ratio decreased in both groups following the treatment phases and was higher in smokers at all the examination times (P<.01). TOS were higher and TAOC were lower in smokers versus non-smokers at all the time points, but the differences were significant only for TOS levels (P<.01). Throughout the treatment phases, the concentration and total amount of TOS decreased in smokers(P<.01) and only the total amount of TOS decreased in non-smokers (P<.01). The concentration and total amounts of TAOC increased throughout the treatments in both smokers and non-smokers without significant changes (P>.05). The baseline OSI was higher in smokers, and it decreased only in smokers following the treatment phases (P<.01). Smoking and periodontal inflammation were found to alter IL-17A, IL-17E, and oxidant/anti-oxidant statuses in periodontitis patients. The intra-group assessments in smokers demonstrated more apparent alterations in the oxidant/anti-oxidant statuses and IL-17A and IL-17E levels after periodontitis management.

Analysis of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and oxidant-antioxidant status as a result of exposure to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields

ABSTRACT The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of daily long-term radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMFs) exposure on thiol/disulphide homeostasis and oxidant-antioxidant status in the serum of rats. Fourteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two equal groups (n = 7). They were grouped as group 1 (sham-control) and group 2 (2100 MHz exposed). Group 2 rats were exposed to GSM-like signals for 5 h/day, 7 days per week for 14 days. In serum of blood samples, the native, total and native/total thiol levels and antioxidant-oxidant parameters were analyzed. The study revealed that the mean serum total thiol levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,219); the mean serum native thiol levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,416), and the mean serum disulphide levels of GSM exposure group was rather higher than sham-control group (p = 0,566). On the other hand, the mean serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of GSM exposure group were higher than sham-control group. There are no data in the literature, that examine the effects of RF-EMFs on thiol/disulphide homeostasis. The results of this study, indicate that RF-EMFs did not cause oxidative stress and statistically changes in thiol/disulphide homeostasis. More sample sizes and longer-term exposures are needed to confirm the results of this study.

Cytogenetic and Oxidative Status of Cultured Lymphocytes after Exposure to Extracts from Rhizopogon Mushrooms (Agaricomycetes) In Vitro.

In this study, acetone and water extracts obtained from edible mushrooms, Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. and Rh. roseolus (Corda) Th. Fr., containing important bioactive components were used. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were examined on human peripheral lymphocyte culture treated with the respective extracts. Levels of genetic damage and cytotoxic effects of the respective extracts on lymphocytes were also tested. In general, when TAC levels of the extracts on cells were examined, a concentration-dependent increase was observed; a negative correlation was found between TOS data and concentration. Genotoxicity tests (chromosome aberration and micronucleus analysis) revealed that the concentrations of the extract applications did not significantly (P > 0.05) change genotoxicity on human peripheral lymphocyte culture compared to the negative control. Considering all of the results obtained, it was determined that applications of Rh. luteolus and Rh. roseolus extracts, especially at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L, increased the TAC value of lymphocytes, which play an important role in the human immune system, without causing genetic or oxidative stress.

Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress in Seminal Plasma from Dogs Supplemented with Fish Oil and Vitamin E.

BackgroundWe evaluated the effect of fish oil (FO) and FO in addition to vitamin E (VE) supplementation on total antioxidant activity of dog seminal plasma, and further assessed oxidative stress. Additionally, we measured the effect of this supplementation on hematological parameters and serum biochemistry.Materials and MethodsIn this experimental study, six male dogs were assigned to one of the following three groups for a period of 60 days using a replicated 3×3 Latin square design: control (CG), FO (FOG) and FO in addition to VE (FOEG). On days 0 and 60 of the trial, semen and blood samples were obtained. 2,2V-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo- thiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to determine total antioxidant activity. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring total sulfhydryl group (T-SH).ResultsDogs supplemented with FO alone had a lower total antioxidant activity in seminal plasma (ABTS: -59.86% vs. CG and -57.3% vs. FOEG; and FRAP: -37.3% vs. CG and -40.5% vs. FOEG), and higher oxidative stress (T-SH: +53.0% vs. CG and+60.2% vs. FOEG) compared with the other two groups (P<0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) concentration de- creased in FOG and FOEG compared with CG, on day 60 (P<0.01).ConclusionWe concluded that total antioxidant activitydecreased and oxidative stress increased in seminal plasma of dogs after FO supplementation for 60 days.