Total Hydropower Potential Research Articles

МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ТА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕХНІЧНО МОЖЛИВОГО ГІДРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ РІЧОК УКРАЇНИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ РАЙОНУ БАСЕЙНУ РІЧКИ ДНІПРО)

Background. Diversification of electricity generation sources is gaining considerable attention in Ukraine today. This is especially true when the russian aggressors put out of commission the power generating capacities of thermal power plants and large hydroelectric power plants. In this context, the use of alternative (renewable) energy sources, in particular small hydropower, becomes important. That is why it is important to study the technically possible hydropower potential of rivers. Methods. The rationale for and the size of the technically feasible hydropower potential of rivers can be determined from the general scheme for determining the potential for rivers in Ukraine that we have proposed. For this purpose, an expert assessment of the main risks that may reduce the overall hydropower production was carried out. Results. It has been established that the largest percentage of losses of technically possible potential, relative to the total hydropower potential (THP), is inherent in the basins of the Pripyat, Stokhid and Samara rivers and ranges from 48–58.5 %. The slopes of river channels and waterlogging of their catchments play a key role here. The lowest rates of these losses are typical of such rivers as the Supiy, Irkliy, Stvyha and Uzh, and vary from 23 to 25 %. The priority here is losses caused by waterlogging and reclamation of floodplains. Conclusions. Taking into account all potential losses and risks, 226087 kW (39 %) of the total hydropower potential of the studied rivers can be considered suitable for use.

БАГАТОМІРНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЧИННИКІВ МОДУЛЯ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО ГІДРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ РІЧОК БАСЕЙНУ ПРИП’ЯТІ В МЕЖАХ УКРАЇНИ

The importance of assessing hydropower resources in recent years determines the study of the quantitative characteristics of river hydropower. Interesting and at the same time important for understanding the assessment of hydropower potential and its module is a multivariate analysis of the determining factors that determine their magnitude. This approach makes it possible to establish the impact and assess the possible relationship between natural and anthropogenic indicators on its formation. It is especially important to establish the factors that determine the magnitude of the modulus of the hydropower potential, an indicator by which it is possible to reflect the total hydropower of rivers in a spatial context. Since the magnitude of the hydropower potential and its modulus is influenced by numerous factors that may be weakly interdependent, it was decided to apply multivariate analysis to establish the most significant indicators using factor analysis. Studies have shown that hydropower, runoff indicators, catchment area, indicators of erosional activity of the catchment, and indicators of the river’s slope exert the greatest influence on the magnitude of the modules of the hydropower potential. The indicators of plowing, forest cover, and regulation indirectly affect the magnitude of the modulus of the total hydropower potential. In the course of the study, the dependences of the hydropower potential on the catchment area and the average annual water discharge, the module of the hydropower potential and the indicator of the depth of the erosional incision of the rivers were built. The connections are characterized by good degrees of correlation and can be used to calculate the magnitude of hydropower in rivers for which there are no or insufficient input data. In a conclusion, the use of factor analysis made it possible to establish a relationship between all 15 factors, according to 26 hydrological stations, and to identify the main determining factors influencing the formation and spatial distribution of the total hydropower potential module for the Pripyat basin rivers within Ukraine. According to the results of the calculation by the method of factor analysis, five main groups of factors with the corresponding factor load. The first two groups of factors accounted for more than 80% of the total variance of the distribution.

Influence of the Vilyui hydropower plant on the regime of the Vilyui river

Based on the analysis and comparison of the Vilyui river regime in the natural and regulated state, the article reveals the features of changes in the annual distribution of runoff, level and ice regimes and the regime of solid runoff. To assess the consequences of the impact of large hydroelectric power stations in the Far North, comprehensive studies of the Vilyui river basin were conducted. Vilyui hydroelectric station is the first hydroelectric power station in the permafrost zone. The reservoir is completely located within the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Despite the low level of development of water resources in the Far East, the prospects for the construction of traditional hydropower plants remain. The hydropower potential of the republic is estimated at 283 billion kWh, which is 66 % of the total hydropower potential of the Far East region. The construction and operation of hydropower plants on rivers leads to fundamental changes in the natural conditions of the river. The results of the study show that flow regulation by large reservoirs is the main factor of anthropogenic disturbances in the flow volume and water regime of the Arctic rivers. To date, the diverse effects of river regime changes after the construction of a hydroelectric power station on the territory of permafrost are not fully considered in either design or prospective planned developments. The importance of accounting and studying the consequences of flow regulation can be judged by the complex economic problems that arose after the construction of hydropower facilities in the European part of Russia. In this regard, a comprehensive study of changes in environmental conditions in the territory of permafrost distribution after regulation of river flow by large reservoirs is one of the most important tasks.

Fast feasibility assessment of water bodies free oscillations energy potential use

The author has developed an operational method of assessing the expediency of implementing innovative projects on the use of the hydropower potential of the natural oscillations of water in an uncertain hydrological conditions. It is determined that the total hydropower potential of Ukraine, in addition to natural runoff, are waves and currents, which are constantly offered innovations. It is shown that the capacities of the reservoirs determine their individual spectra, the construction of which is a time consuming study. Self-oscillations are excited by a single pulse external to the reservoir of power. Impulse external force acts Dolgoprudny wave is comparable with the natural oscillations of the reservoir frequency: periodic inlet-forming power of the Sun and moon; wind waves, which leads to f and Negev; the accumulation of water in one part of the reservoir, caused by the streams flowing into and flowing year or rainfall; abrupt variations in atmospheric pressure above the water surface or ice cover; seismic phenomena. Substantiates the connection between the external seal centrifugal force and the part of the fluctuations of the hydrometeorological characteristics of this sealing which is created by centrifugal force, and constructed a genetic method of long-term marine forecasts. The pond is seen as a generator of sasova waves and currents in an uncertain hydrological conditions. For the calculations applied the genetic method, the result of which is the construction of amplitude-frequency characteristics of oscillations of the pool, excited by an external force. Typical spectra level oscillations and currents of water bodies For decision making on the appropriateness of potential it is proposed to compare the calculated unit cost of electricity with the cost of energy produced by alternative methods. The characteristics of GES, which should be considered when assessing the feasibility of using the energy potential of natural oscillations of the reservoir.

Interpolation of Rainfall-River Orle Discharge for Developing 1.032 MW of Hydropower in Estako-West, Nigeria

Annual rainfall is of great importance to every nation and provides useful data on agricultural, hydrology and hydraulics designs. The research study presents the evaluation of the hydropower potential of river Orle using the analytical potential interpolation of hydrological elements (Rainfall, river discharges e.t.c) with emphasis of developing 1.032 MW power plant-reservoirs. Hydropower is a renewable energy source based on the natural water cycle and most mature, reliable and cost-effective renewable power generation technology. Gumbel’s Probability Distribution method, U.S Soil Conservation technique and empirical formulation were used to estimate maximum flood design, rainfall distribution and intensity and peak river flow. The hydrological data provided by Benin-Owena River Basin stationed in Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi and attached to Department of Civil Engineering Technology were applied for the analysis. The outputs revealed that annual average rainfall of 98.1 mm or more in 75-year; 130.1 mm or more in 50-year out of 100 years. The exceedence probability for a rainfall of 158.1mm is 0.25 with observed rainfall greater than normal. At discharge (10.77 * 10-2 m3/s), the proposed Orle hydropower scheme generated 1.032MW during the peak of wet and 76.6 KW was evaluated during the drying season at (0.80 * 10-2m3/s). The study draws a conclusion that for runoff river scheme at 41.7% flow, the total hydropower potential of 0.676 MW was evaluated.

Multiobjective Functions to Identify the High-Power-Density Stream Reaches in Hydropower Resource Assessment

AbstractA hydropower resource assessment (HRA) can be considered a reconnaissance survey in which the total hydropower potential in a region is quantified. Hydropower potential for purposes of this...

Sourcing Green Power in Bhutan: A Review

Abstract Bhutan is a small Himalayan kingdom with nearly 0.8 million population. Being one of the poorest nations in the world, Bhutan has achieved a significant economic progress in recent years. Export of hydropower contributes most of its foreign exchange (over 85%). It has one of the largest hydropower potentials in the world. Only 5% of the total hydropower potential is currently being utilized. The government of Bhutan has developed a master plan to tap this green energy resource to generate power not only for domestic use but also for export to surrounding countries. One of the primary aims of this paper is to study Bhutan's current and future hydropower projects and examine the potential of a collaboration framework for energy trading. The impact of such a regional energy trading on Bhutanese economy will also be analyzed.

ЗАГАЛЬНИЙ ГІДРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ РІЧОК УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ

The results of calculating the total hydropower potential of Ukrainian Carpathians rivers were presented in the article. The total hydropower potential of specific sections of the rivers was calculated. The boundaries of the sections were identified by the changing characteristics of hydraulic channels.Calculation of the total hydropower potential of the rivers of the Carpathian region for Tisa, Siret, Prut and Dniester river basins, which have a length over 10 km were executed. There 334 rivers in the region were examined, 1,247 sections were identified. Total hydropower potential of Ukrainian Carpathians rivers are 2340531 kW or 2340,5 MW. The volume potential annual capacity consists 20.5 billion KWh / year. The largest hydroelectric capacity is typical for the Tisza river basin (within Ukraine). Their total hydropower potential amounts 1092,4 MW, provides 46.4% all hydropower capacity of all Carpathian rivers of Ukraine. Hydroelectric power of Dniester river basin is 34,9% (321 MW) of the total general hydropower potential of the rivers of the Carpathian region of Ukraine. Part of the hydropower potential of the rivers of Prut river basin amounts 17,2% (404 MW) and of the Siret river basin amounts 1,01% (24 MW). Total hydropower potential of the rivers of Ukrainian Carpathians proportionate to production capacity Dnipro hydropower cascade. In addition, total hydropower potential of rivers Ukrainian Carpathians exceeds economically effective hydropower potential of rivers in Ukraine to 3 bln. kWh / year, which is 17.5 billion. kWh / year.

Status of hydropower and water resources in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) of Turkey

Abstract This study focuses on the water resources development of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) in Turkey. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, located in the GAP, have the largest flow volume of 16.9% and 11.4% of Turkey’s average annually runoff (186 billion m3), respectively. While the Euphrates represents over 19.4% of the national gross hydropower potential (433 GWh/year), the Tigris correspond to 11.2% of this potential. 20,523 GWh/year of hydropower potential in the GAP is in operation. When all projects of the GAP in planning are completed, the total hydropower potential reaches a level of 27,419 GWh/year. This value corresponds to 10.9% of the annual electric energy production of Turkey in 2014 (251.96 GWh). There is also irrigable land of 1.06 million ha in the GAP, and now roughly 33.7%, 357,241 ha, of which have been irrigated.

Identifying High Power–Density Stream Reaches through Refined Geospatial Resolution in Hydropower Resource Assessment

AbstractAided by the rapid development of multiple geospatial data sets for topography, hydrology, and existing energy-water infrastructures, reconnaissance-level hydropower resource assessment can now be conducted using geospatial models in all regions of the United States. The updated techniques can be used to estimate the total undeveloped hydropower potential across all regions, and they may eventually help to identify additional hydropower resources that were previously overlooked. To enhance the characterization of higher power–density stream reaches, this paper explored how the degree of geospatial resolution affects the identification of hydropower stream reaches, using the geospatial merit matrix–based hydropower resource assessment (GMM-HRA) model. GMM-HRA model simulation was conducted at eight different spatial resolutions on six USGS eight-digit hydrologic units with terrains classified as flat, mild, and steep. The results showed that more hydropower potential from higher power–density strea...

Методика встановлення гідроенергетичного потенціалу річок (на прикладі річок Українських Карпат)

Based on current realities of the massive need of alternative sources of energy and energy-efficiency and energy-saving the algorithm and method of determining hydropower potential of rivers were presented in the article. Approbation of the algorithm and methodology was made on streams Ukrainian Carpathians. The approach of determining hydropower potential by defining its four components was proposed based on the results of approbation. The four components are – total, environmental, technically possible and economically effectively hydropower potentials. This approach provides an estimate of potential energy resources streams, taking into account the potential loss energy capacity, helps prevent these losses and the efficient use of hydropower. Sequence determination of total hydropower potential, as indicative of full theoretical energy characteristics of river flow was justified. Expediency definition and concept of assessing the ecological and particularly technically feasible hydropower potential has been proven. Criteria expert risk of losses technically possible hydropower potential of watercourses was proposed. The scheme of distribution basin hydropower potential has been presented and analyzed in the article. The scheme provides forecasting algorithm changes hydropower, given the prospects of global climate change and fluctuations in water flow as a consequence.

The status of transboundary rivers in Turkey

Turkey, like many countries today, faces challenges in efficiently developing and managing its water resources while working to maintain water quality and protect the environment. This situation causes that the transboundary rivers in Turkey have been the most important. In this study, issues relating the development and management of the transboundary rivers of Turkey are discussed. For this purpose, this paper analyses the general characteristics, climate and water resources, current water usage status, and energy potential of the transboundary rivers, namely Euphrates-Tigris, Coruh, Orontes, Kura-Arax, and Maritza. In addition, two significance development plans, which are the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) and the Coruh River Development Plan located in the transboundary rivers, are evaluated. The total feasible hydropower potential of projects reaches 37896 GW h/yr when all planned projects are completed. This value corresponds to 16.5% of the annual electric energy production of the Turkey in 2011. The GAP will also irrigate 1058509 hectare of land area.

Stream-Reach Identification for New Run-of-River Hydropower Development through a Merit Matrix–Based Geospatial Algorithm

AbstractEven after a century of development, the total hydropower potential from undeveloped rivers is still considered to be abundant in the United States. However, unlike evaluating hydropower potential at existing hydropower plants or nonpowered dams, locating a feasible new hydropower plant involves many unknowns; hence, the total undeveloped potential is harder to quantify. In light of the rapid development of multiple national geospatial data sets for topography, hydrology, and environmental characteristics, a merit matrix–based geospatial algorithm is proposed to identify possible hydropower stream reaches for future development. These hydropower stream reaches—sections of natural streams with suitable head, flow, and slope for possible future development—are identified and compared by using three different scenarios. A case study was conducted in the Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa and Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint hydrologic subregions. It was found that a merit matrix–based algorithm, which is based...

Hydropower Potential of Montenegro

As the existing total hydropower potential of Montenegro is outdated, an attempt is made to re estimate the potential and also to assess the possibility of the utilization of the total hydropower potential in Montenegro in newly created conditions and opportunities. The methodology used is based on energy potential for each watercourse individually taking account of the total amount of water from precipitation and transit waters at the territory of Montenegro. This paper for the first time integrally analyses hydropower potential in both gauged and ungauged major watercourses and their tributaries. It provides insight into the total hydropower potential and technically exploitable hydropower potential for both Run-of-River and storage projects, which may serve as a good basis for strategic planning of exploitation of this resource. It bears specific importance since hydropower exploitation of the remaining 82% of this potential is expected in the near future. The technically exploitable hydropower potential is assessed as 9840 GWh in a year.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7076 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 63-68

Present situation and potential role of renewable energy in Turkey

Turkey has a rich potential of hydropower, wind and geothermal energy resources. The distribution of these renewable energy sources in operation are hydropower, wind and geothermal 14.802 MW 1002MW and 94 MW, respectively. Turkey possesses a huge hydroelectric resource which is one of the Turkey's major energy assets. Most of the important uses of water in power plants have been developed in the electricity generation. Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 TWh/yr, which is equal to 13.8% of the total hydropower potential of European. Technically useable and economic potential are 216 TWh/yr and 140 TWh/yr, respectively. The total share of all energy for electricity power generation in 2010 are coal, natural gas, fuel oil and renewable energy, 104,040 GWh, 125,549 GWh, 18,215 GWh, and 86,120 GWh respectively. Among the renewable energy resources in Turkey, biomass and solar energy are also important because their share in total energy consumptions have increased. On the other hand, Turkey has not utilized nuclear energy yet. The current government plans to have a nuclear power plant with a capacity of 1800MW at the Black Sea Port of Sinop. The main purpose of the energy policies is to answer the energy needs of increasing population and growing economy at minimum costs while making energy supply planning. Turkey's specific national energy strategy document and energy policy objectives are outlined in the institutional strategic plans. These strategic plans are energy supply security, regional and global influence in the area of energy and environment protection. The aim of energy policy including renewable are to develop existing energy sources and to avoid dependence on energy imports and to encourage private sector investment and to improve the reliability of electricity supply. The main aim this study will investigate at the present potential of energy resources and future contributions to the national energy consumption in Turkey. As result present energy situation, the renewable energy potential, and the energy politics of Turkey are investigated.

RETRACTED: Regional sustainable water and energy development projects: A case of Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) in Turkey

a b s t r a c t Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) region in Turkey is rich in water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers represent over 28% of the nation's water supply by rivers, and the economically irrigable areas in the region make up 20% of those for the entry country. Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 GWh/yr, but only 125 GWh/yr of the total hydroelectric potential of Turkey can be economically used. By the construction of new hydropower plants, 36% of the economically usable potential of the country would be tapped. The GAP region has a 22% share of the country's total hydroelectric potential, with plans for 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants. Once completed, 27 billion kWh of electricity will be generated annually.

Contribution of the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) to Irrigation and Hydroelectric Power Production in Turkey

The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) is an integrated socioeconomic development project and one of the largest of its kind in the world. The GAP region is rich in water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. The Euphrates and Tigris rivers represent over 28% of the nation's water supply by, and the economically irrigable areas in the region make up 20% of those for the entire country. Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 GWh/yr, but only 125 GWh/yr of the total hydroelectric potential of Turkey can be economically used. By the commissioning of new hydropower plants, which are under construction, 36% of the economically usable potential of the country would be tapped. The GAP region has a 22% share of the country's total hydroelectric potential, with plans for 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants. Upon the completion of the project, 1.7 million ha of land will be brought under irrigation, energy production in the region will reach 27 billion kWh, per capita income will rise by 209% and about 3.8 million people will be provided employment opportunities. This article discusses the contribution of the GAP to irrigation and hydroelectric power production in Turkey.

The Role of Renewables in Meeting Turkey's Energy Demand

Turkey's demand for energy is increasing rapidly and heavily dependent on expensive imported energy resources. As would be expected, the rapid expansion of energy production and consumption has brought with it a wide range of environmental issues at the local, regional, and global levels. With respect to global environmental issues, Turkey's greenhouse gas emissions have grown along with its primary energy consumption. In this regard, renewable energy resources appear to be one of the most efficient and effective solutions for clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey's geographical location has several advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. Turkey has substantial reserves of renewable energy sources, including approximately 1% of the total world hydropower potential. There is also significant potential for wind power development. Turkey's geothermal potential ranks seventh worldwide, but only a small portion is considered to be economically feasible. This article presents the role of renewables in meeting the energy demand of Turkey as a sustainable manner.

Hydropower in Turkey: The Sustainable Energy Future

Over the last two decades, global electricity production has more than doubled and electricity demand is rising rapidly around the world as economic development spreads to emerging economies. Not only has electricity demand increased significantly, it is the fastest growing end-use of energy. Therefore, technical, economic, and environmental benefits of hydroelectric power make it an important contributor to the future world energy mix, particularly in the developing countries. On the other hand, Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 GWh/yr, but only 125 GWh/yr of the total hydroelectric potential of the country can be economically used. By the commissioning of new hydropower plants, which are under construction, 36% of the economically usable potential of the country would be tapped. Turkey's total economically usable small hydropower potential is 3.75 GWh/yr.

Small Hydropower Plants as a New and Renewable Energy Source

The inherent technical, economic, and environmental benefits of hydroelectric power make it an important contributor to the future world energy mix, particularly in the developing countries. Technically feasible hydropower estimated at nearly 15,000 TWh/yr still exists in the world today, mostly in countries where increased power supplies from clean and renewable sources are most urgently needed to progress social and economic development. This article deals with policies to meet increasing energy demand for electricity and domestic heating in Turkey. Air-pollutant emissions due to power generation and their harmful effects on the environment are also presented. We also argue in favor of small-scale dams for sustainable development. Turkey has a total gross hydropower potential of 433 GWh/yr, but only 125 GWh/yr of the total hydroelectric potential of Turkey can be economically used. By the commissioning of new hydropower plants, which are under construction, 36% of the economically usable potential of the country would be tapped. On the other hand, Turkey's total economically usable small hydropower potential is 3.75 GWh/yr.