Total Erythrocyte Research Articles

Prevalence and hematological parameters of bovine Trypanosomosis in Nsukka municipal abattoir, Southeastern Nigeria

The prevalence and hematological parameters of trypanosomosis in slaughter cattle in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria, were investigated. Blood samples from 200 randomly selected cattle were collected following slaughter into labeled sample bottles with anticoagulant. The sex and breed of the sampled cattle were properly noted. Standard trypanosome detection techniques involving wet blood film examination, buffy coat technique, examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears, and mice inoculation were used to detect and identify the trypanosome species present. The hematological parameters—packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HbC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)—were determined following standard procedures. A prevalence rate of 1.5% (95% CI = 0.005–0.043) was obtained for bovine trypanosomosis in Nsukka with 1% (95% CI = 0.003–0.036) and 0.5% (95% CI = 0.001–0.028) prevalence rates in female and male cattle, respectively. Whereas a prevalence rate of 1.5% (95% CI = 0.005–0.043) was recorded in the White Fulani breed, the Sokoto Gudali had 0% prevalence rate. The prevalence recorded in this study was not associated (P ˃ 0.05) with sex or breed. The mean PCV, HbC, TEC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and TLC values of the infected cattle differed (P < 0.05) from that of the uninfected cattle. In conclusion, trypanosomosis is prevalent in cattle slaughtered in Nsukka, Southeastern Nigeria, with associated hematological changes. Hence, the need for the adoption and implementation of national trypanosomosis integrated control strategies.

Evaluation of Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Dromedary Camel during the Different Stages of Lactation

Objective: To assess the potential hematobiochemical alterations in healthy dromedary camel during the different stages of lactation. Design: Randomized controlled study. Animals: Fifteen healthy female dromedary camels, with mean body weight of 499.6 kg and mean age of 20 years. Procedures: Camels were categorized into 3 groups' according to their stage of lactation: group 1, early lactation (1-3 months), group 2, mid-lactation (four-6 months) and group3, late lactation (≥ 7 months). Blood samples were collected from every animals for hematological and biochemical evaluation. Results: Total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), total leukocytes (TLC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, Calcium, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) confirmed significant (p &lt; 0.05) variation between different stages of lactation. However, non-notable (p &gt; 0.05) dissimilarity were located in packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), in organic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumen, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine kinase (CK) in the course of different ranges of lactation, Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results of this investigation may be useful as reference guide for dromedary camel to evaluate the metabolic health status at different stages of lactation.

Adaptogenic and Immunomodulatory Activity of Ashwagandha Root Extract: An Experimental Study in an Equine Model.

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L. Dunal.) is an important “Rasayana” of Ayurveda. The roots are extensively used as an adaptogen and for different health issues. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-stimulating effects of Ashwagandha are well-documented. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ashwagandha root extract as an adaptogen against various types of stress in horses. A total of 24 Kathiawari horses were selected and randomly divided into four groups. All the horses were provided with normal feed and water ad libitum. Group 1 (G1) was treated as the control group, and the horses were given a normal diet. Group 2 (G2), Group 3 (G3), and Group 4 (G4) horses received varying doses of Ashwagandha root extract along with the normal diet. All the animals were subjected to different types of stress including exercise-induced stress, separation, and noise stress on three different days and evaluated for various hematological, biochemical, hormonal, and immunological parameters. Over the 21 days, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, hemoglobin content, lymphocyte percentage, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activities was observed. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in cortisol, epinephrine, glucose, triglycerides, creatinine, IL-6, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase was observed in the Ashwagandha treated groups (G2, G3, and G4) when compared to the control group (G1). The results suggest that Ashwagandha root extract has potent hemopoietic, antioxidant, adaptogenic, and immune-stimulant properties.

DietaryHouttuynia cordataleaf extract and meal enhances the immunity and expression of immune genes inLabeo rohita(Hamilton, 1822)

A feeding trial was conducted to explore the effect of dietary Houttuynia cordata leaf extract (HCLE) and leaf meal (HCLM) on immunological responses and expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Six isonitrogenous (350 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (17 MJ/kg DE) purified experimental diets were formulated with Houttuynia cordata leaf extract and leaf meal comprising control, C (0 g/kg HCLE and HCLM), E2.5 (2.5 g/kg HCLE), E5 (5 g/kg HCLE), E10 (10 g/kg HCLE), M10 (10 g/kg HCLM) and M20 (20 g/kg HCLM). Labeo rohita fingerlings (3.37 ± 0.23 g) were distributed in six experimental groups in triplicates following the complete random distribution. Fish were fed twice daily with respective experimental diets for a period of 60 days. A significantly (p < .05) lower lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were registered in supplemented groups compared with control group, while respiratory burst and lysozyme activities were significantly (p < .05) higher in E10 group compared with other experimental groups. Haemoglobin, total leucocyte count, total erythrocyte count and haematocrit values were significantly (p < .05) higher in E10 group. The expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in both the kidney and liver was significantly up-regulated in leaf extract and meal supplemented groups with the highest expression in the fish of E10 group. Overall, these results suggest that the dietary supplementation of ethanolic extract of the Houttuynia cordata leaf at 10 g/kg level can enhance the immune response of L. rohita fingerlings.

Epidemiology and Haemato-Biochemical Changes in Mange Infested Camels

Mange in camel, also named as sarcopticosis is defined as an extremely contagious skin disease characterized by scab formation, pruritic dermatitis, thickening and corrugation of skin and hair loss. A total of 21 positive cases of mange infestation were selected from those presented at the Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College, in Anand and from surrounding villages. The affected camels were divided into 3 groups, viz., B, C, D each group comprised of 7 camels, while seven healthy camels in group A served as control. The maximum prevalence of sarcoptic mange among infected animals was found in the age group of &gt;6 years (52.38 %), followed by 4-6 years (38.09 %) and in less than 3 years age groups (9.52 %), and also in females than the males (85.71 vs 14.29%). The levels of haematological values, viz., haemoglobin, total erythrocytes count, packed cell volume, neutrophils, basophils, MCV and MCH were found to be significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased, whereas the total leukocytes count, lymphocytes and eosinophils were increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in mange affected camel as compared to healthy ones. The biochemical constituents, viz., total serum protein, alanine aminotransferase and zinc concentrations were found significantly (p less than 0.05) lower. In contrast, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and copper concentrations were increased significantly (p less than 0.05) in mange affected camels. The changes reflected that the mange infestation causes hepatocellular and renal damage, apart from general stress to the camel.

Effects of Curcuma Zedoaria (Shoti) on Growth Performance and Hemato-Biochemical Parameters in Broiler

The experiment was conducted on “Cobb-500” broiler chicks to study the effects of Curcumazedoaria (shoti) on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters. A total of twentybroilers chicks (16 days old) were randomly divided into five equal groups (n=4). Three groups ofbroilers fed shoti powder at the rate of 10%; 20%; 30% (w/w) with other ingredients for 22 days.Broilers chicks fed on maize-soybean were considered as positive control while non-protein controlwas regarded as negative control. The results showed that body weight of broilers fed 10% and 20%shoti meal grew very close to those of control (maize-soybean) group. After having completed thefeeding trial, the birds were sacrificed to collect blood sample for and biochemical analysis .Weightsof different organs and length of intestine were also measured. Results showed that decreaseddressed weight, weight of skin and liver were found in 30% shoti treated group compared to proteincontrol group. Intestinal weight was highest in 30% shoti treated group but length was similar to theprotein control group. Total erythrocytes count, hemoglobin content and PCV value were founddecreased in shoti treated group compared to protein control group but ESR value was highest in10% shoti treated group. Total cholesterol was found to be decreased in the birds fed on shoticompared to protein control and significantly higher than non-protein control group. Triglyceride valuedecreased in 10% shoti treated group compared to protein and non-protein control group. IncreasedHDL value was found in 10% shoti treated group compared to control groups and 20 % and 30 %shoti treated groups. Result of this experiment showed that body weight of birds significantly (p&lt;0.05)increased in all shoti treated groups. Further investigations are necessary by using differentpercentages of shoti and other shoti type feed to determine the effects of this feed supplement onanimal’s physiology.&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 293-301, August 2020

Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Kelor Moringa oleifera (Lam, 1785) Untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Non Spesifik Benih Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) yang Diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila

Pertahanan non-spesifik adalah pertahanan utama pada benih ikan. Salah satu bahan alami sebagai sumber imunostimulan adalah tanaman kelor. Daun kelor mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid dan saponin sebagai agen imunostimulan. Imunostimulan adalah senyawa biologis yang dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun kelor dalam meningkatkan imunitas non-spesifik pada benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang terinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Dalam pemberian ekstrak daun kelor diberikan injeksi intramuskular 0,1 mL/ikan dengan konsentrasi 50 mg, 75 mg dan 100 mg. Pada metode penelitian ini, digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yang setiap akuarium masing-masing berisi 12 ekor benih nila berukuran 8-10 cm. Pemberian pakan pada benih nila dilakukan setiap 3 kali sehari yaitu pagi, siang dan sore hari. Parameter yang diuji adalah leukosit, diferensial leukosit, eritrosit, aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun pada benih ikan nila dapat meningkatkan kekebalan non-spesifik, yaitu total leukosit, total eritrosit, leukosit diferensial, aktivitas dan indeks fagositosis.

Efficiency of complex pig therapy with pathology of the distal department of the limbs

Studies have been conducted to establish the dynamics of the course of treatment of purulent-inflammatory process of distal limb in pigs. The treatment algorithm was presented by two schemes: classic (I – experimental screw) and experimental (II – experimental group). Among the morphological parameters investigated: hemoglobin level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hematocrit, leukograms, total erythrocytes and leukocytes in the blood. To determine the immunobiological activity of the body of sick pigs, serum T: lymphocytes (CD2, CD3), T-helper cells (CD4), T-suppressors/killers (CD8), IRI (T-help/T-sup.), NK cells (CD16), B-lymphocytes (CD22), immunoglobulins A, M, G, CEC and phagocytic index. Research objectives – determining the effectiveness of treatment regimens algorithm for morphological and immunological composition of the blood in different forms of lymphoma disease distal extremities in pigs. Manifestation effector function was observed a decrease in lymphocytes, proliferation and differentiation of corresponding antibodies of the immune system of pigs. Inhibition of regulatory function in the inflammatory process reduces the mechanisms of formation of biologically active compounds “chemotaxis factor”, “transfer factor”, “phagocytosis factor”, migration of neutrophils and macrophages. The decrease in the concentration of NK cells in 2 times, with the pathology open wound, indicates a decrease in the process of opsonization (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) due to the lack of immune response to pathogens in the inflammatory cell. In abscesses, purulent pododermatitis and laminitis, NK cells decrease 1.5 times with the indirect manifestation of specific cytotoxic cells (B-lymphocytes, macrophages). It is determined that the drug “Trifuzol 1%” activates effector and reparative function of specific components of immune activity (T and B lymphocytes, population of T cells, NK cells). The results of these studies in the article thoroughly show the dynamics of changes in morphological and immunological status of pigs for diseases of the musculoskeletal system of the distal extremity. The results will facilitate the work of veterinary practitioners in the treatment of nosological forms of distal limb diseases in pigs.

Clinico-pathological Evaluation of PPR in a Flock of Ganjam Sheep and Goat in Odisha

Present study was aimed to investigate the mortality among a flock of Ganjam sheep and goat during December, 2016 in Odisha. These breed of small ruminant mostly reared in nomadic pattern by certain “Gola” community with native tract mostly in south-eastern and eastern-ghat of agroclimatic zones in Odisha with hot and humid climate. Clinical signs and gross lesions as observed among the animals were indicative of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR). There was nearly 90% morbidity and 42.22% mortality. Higher mortality was recorded among the weaners (~ 63%) followed by kids (~ 42%). Blood examination revealed anemia with significantly (p ≤0.05) decrease in total erythrocyte counts (TEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) through t-test. Affected animals showed leucocytosis with nutrophillia and lymphopaenia. Statistically significant (p ≤0.05) alterations in various serum biochemical parameters were evident in morbid animals. At necropsy, typical lesions were erosive as well as hemorrhagic lesions in buccal mucosa, abomasums and intestine along with fibrinous bronchopneumonia. Histopathological changes were mostly infiltrations of inflammatory cells, syncytia and presence of intranuclear and /or intracytoplasmic eosinophillic inclusions in epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, lungs and hepatocytes.

Haematological Parameters and its Relationship with Faecal Egg Count and FAMACHA© Score in Haemonchus contortus Naturally Infected Goats

Haemonchus contortus is considered as main gastrointestinal parasite causing anaemia and hypoproteinemia in ruminants. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between haematological parameters with duo of faecal egg count and FAMACHA© score in goats predominantly infected with Haemonchus contortus. A total number of 100 goats were divided into five groups [Group I (EPG 100-300), II (EPG 400-600), III (EPG 700-1000), IV (EPG 1100-1200) and V (EPG 1300 and above)]. Results revealed a highly significant (P<0.01) negative correlation between EPG and FAMACHA© score with haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC). Mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC were declined in groups with increase in EPG and highly significant (P<0.01) differences were observed between all groups. Highly significant (P<0.01) and negative correlations were observed between TLC, lymphocyte, monocyte with duo of EPG and FAMACHA© scores whereas correlations between EPG, FAMACHA© score with both of neutrophil and eosinophil were highly significant (P<0.01) and positive. However, EPG and FAMACHA© score with basophil were showed significant (P<0.05) and negative correlation. The mean values of TLC were declined in groups having higher worms load. In DLC, the mean values of both neutrophil and eosinophil were elevated but lymphocyte and monocyte values were decreased with the increase in worm burden. Significant (P<0.01) differences were observed in values of TLC and DLC between all groups but, no significant difference was observed for monocyte between group-I and II and for basophil between group-II and IV; and group-III and V.

Seasonal Variations in Growth and Physiological Parameters Along with its Relationship with Various Haemato-Biochemical and Mineral Profiles in Black Bengal Goats in Free Range Rearing System

Determining animal growth and physiological parameters, their inter-relationship and correlation with various haemato-biochemical and mineral profile during summer and winter seasons in present climatic conditions are imperative for defining genetic potential and adaptation of black Bengal breed for higher meat production. The recorded body weight was found positively correlated with (P ≤ 0.01)height, heart girth and, linear length during both summer and winter season, indicating that they can be used to estimate body weight in black Bengal goats of different ages under field conditions where scales are not usually available. The pulse rate was found to be negatively correlated with (P ≤ 0.01)body weight during both the summer and winter season. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was negatively correlated (P ≤ 0.05)with the weight during summer but positively (P ≤ 0.01) during the winter season.

Haematological Parameters and Histopathological Alterations in the Gills of Fish, Catla catla Exposed to Azo Dye Acid Red -97

Haematological and histopathological parameters have been recognized as valuable tools for monitoring fish health. This study was conducted to evaluate the chronic toxicity of Acid Red 97 textile dyes on haematological and histopathological alterations using Catla catla as animal model. Fish were exposed to two Sublethal concentrations (1/100th and 1/50th of LC50 = 85mg/l) 0.85 mg/l and 1.7 mg/l of AR 97 for a period of (10, 20 and 30) days. Haematological parameters were observed that with increase of exposure time, total erythrocyte (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) values decreased but leucocytes (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values increased. It is believed that observed depression in packed cell volume and haemoglobin values coupled with decreased and deformed erythrocytes are obvious signs of anemia. Resulted changes in erythrocytes and leukocytes after exposing to AR 97 are due to malfunction in hemopoiesis and decrease in non-specific immune system. Histopathological changes observed in the gills of Catla catla were swelling, aneurysm, fusion of lamellae, oedema in primary lamellae, shortened and severe erosions of secondary lamella and lifting epithelial layer and high mucus secretion. Hence, it was concluded that azo dye AR 97 has potential to cause toxicity in fish.

Potassium Diformateas Feed Additive to Enhance the Performance of Immune System on Giant Gourami Fingerlings (Osphronemus goramy Lacepede, 1801)

This research aims to determine the optimum dose of potassium diformate (KDF) which is added to commercial feed to improve the immune performances of giant gourami fingerlings. The research was conducted in October – December 2019 in Aquaculture Laboratories and Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. The method used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The treatments are addition of potassium diformate in feed with a dose of 0% (A), 0,3% KDF (B), 0,5% KDF (C) and 0,8% KDF (D).The giant gouramimaintained for 40 days. The observed parameters are total leukocytescount, total erythrocytescount, differential leukocytes, and water quality. The data of total leukocytes, total erythrocytes were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, while differential leukocytes and water quality are analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the addition of 0.3% potassium diformate is the most effective to improve the immune performances of giant gourami fingerlings. During 40 days of treatments, total leukocytes count increased 25% from6.55×104 cells/mm3 to 8.74×104 cells/mm3, total erythrocytes countincreased 10.03% from 1.28 ×106 cells/mm3 to 1.43×106 cells/mm3. Potassium diformate treatment 0.3% was an effective dose to stimulate differential leukocytes of gourami fingerlings are triggered to enhance the immune system.

HIF-1α and NFIA-AS2 Polymorphisms as Potential Determinants of Total Hemoglobin Mass in Endurance Athletes.

Malczewska-Lenczowska, J, Orysiak, J, Majorczyk, E, Sitkowski, D, Starczewski, M, and Żmijewski, P. HIF-1α and NFIA-AS2 polymorphisms as potential determinants of total hemoglobin mass in endurance athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1596-1604, 2022-The aims of this study were to examine (1) the genotype distribution of rs11549465:C>T of the HIF-1α gene and rs1572312:C>A of the NFIA-AS2 gene; (2) the association between the genes and hematological status in endurance-oriented athletes; and (3) the association between the NFIA-AS2 gene and aerobic capacity in cyclists. Two hundred thirty-eight well-trained athletes (female n = 90, male n = 148) participated in the study. Total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass), blood morphology, intravascular volumes, i.e., erythrocyte volume (EV), blood volume (BV) and plasma volume (PV), and aerobic capacity indices, e.g., peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak), and power at anaerobic threshold (PAT) were determined. In both studied genes, the CC genotype was predominant. In the HIF-1α gene, there were no differences in genotype and allele distribution among athletes from different disciplines and between sexes. The distribution of genotypes and alleles of the NFIA-AS2 gene differed significantly in male athletes; the frequency of A allele carriers (CA + AA) was significantly higher in cyclists than in rowers and middle- and long-distance runners. The athletes with CC genotype of NF1A-AS2 had significantly higher relative values of: tHbmass (total female athletes, cyclists), PV, BV (cyclists), and EV (total male athletes, cyclists) and PAT (cyclists) than A allele carriers (CA + AA genotypes). In conclusion, our study indicates that NFIA-AS2 rs1572312:C>A polymorphism was associated with hematological status in endurance athletes, as well as aerobic capacity indices in male cyclists. It suggests that this polymorphism may be a determinant of quantity of hemoglobin and intrtavascular volumes, which in turn can have an impact on aerobic performance.

Effect of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Juice on Changes in the Anatomical Pathology of Gills and Amount of Blood Erythrocytes of Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio koi) Infected by Myxobolus koi

Koi fish commodities have business prospects that can be developed through aquaculture activities in ponds, but in aquaculture, there are often obstacles that are encountered and difficult to control. One obstacle that is difficult to control in the presence of disease attacks caused by parasites. One type of parasite that often attacks koi fish is Myxobolus. Zingiber officinale Rosc. or commonly referred to as red ginger has several properties for the treatment of parasites such as Myxobolus koi, which infects the gills of koi fish. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving red ginger juice (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) To changes in anatomic pathology and the amount of erythrocyte blood of koi fish infected with Myxobolus koi. This study uses a completely randomized design method with six treatments and four replications. The treatments used were different concentrations of red ginger juice that were negative control P1 (healthy fish), positive control P2 (without red ginger juice), P3 (0.1%), P4 (0.2%), P5 (0.3 %) and P6 (0.4%). Pathology scoring data obtained were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis, then followed by an Independent Two-Sample Test, data on the number of erythrocytes obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and then followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the administration of red ginger juice gave effect to changes in anatomic pathology and total blood erythrocytes of koi fish infected with Myxobolus. Based on these data, the highest anatomic pathology changes were found in the administration of red ginger concentration of 0.4% with a ranking of 11 and based the on scoring of 2 and the highest average number of erythrocytes found in the treatment of red ginger concentration of 0.4% with an average 14.9 x 105 cells / mm3.

Effectiveness of Potassium Diformate on Feed to Improve Immune Performance of Goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)

This research aims to determine the optimum potassium diformate (KDF) dosage which was added to feed to increase the immune status of goldfish (Carassius auratus L). This study was conducted from September 31 - November 15, 2019 at the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Padjadjaran. The research method used is the experimental Complete Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments are A (without KDF/control), B (0.1% KDF), C (0.3% KDF) and D (0.5% KDF). The observed parameters are survival rate, total leukocyte count (white blood cells), total erythrocyte count (red blood cells) and gross clinical sign. Observations were made after 30 days of KDF and post-test challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. Data on the number of total leukocyte count and total erythrocyte count were analyzed using F test and Duncan's advanced test at a 95% confidence level, while the gross clinical sign data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the KDF 0.3% was the optimum dose and was very effective in optimizing the performance of the goldfish immune system optimally, seen from the number of white blood cells and red blood cells which experienced the highest increase of 23.48% and 9.30%. After the challenge test, fish that were given KDF 0.3% had the highest survival rate of 46.67%. In addition, the process of recovering the number of white blood cells and red blood cells can be faster than other treatments, with a value of 12.85×104 cells mm3-1 and 0.96×106 cells mm3-1, marked also by the healing of clinical symptoms in the morphology of goldfish.

Differential effects of testosterone on circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets in men: Findings from two trials.

Testosterone treatment increases erythrocytes in men, but its effects on leukocyte and platelet counts are unknown and could affect its safety. To determine whether testosterone affects circulating leukocytes and platelets in men. Secondary analyses of two randomized testosterone trials were performed: the 5α-reductase (5aR) and OPTIMEN trials. In 5aR trial,102 healthy men, 21-50years (mean age 38), received a long-acting GnRH agonist, and 50, 125, 300, or 600mg/week testosterone enanthate (TE) plus placebo or 2.5mg/ day dutasteride for 20weeks. In OPTIMEN, 78 functionally limited men, ≥65years (mean age 72) with protein intake≤0.83gkg-1 day-1 , were randomized to controlled diets with 0.8gkg-1 day-1 protein or 1.3gkg-1 day-1 protein plus placebo or TE (100mg/week) for 6months.Changes from baseline in total and differential leukocyte count, and platelet count were evaluated. In 5aR, testosterone administration was associated with increases in total leukocyte (estimated change from baseline 40, 490, 1230, and 1280 cells/µL, P<.001), neutrophil (65.1, 436.1, 1177.2, and 1192.2 cells/µL, P<.001), monocyte (-20.2, 24.5, 90.6, and 143.9 cells/µL, P<.001), platelet (-7.3, 8.4, 8.7, and 8.9×103 cells/µL, P=.033), and erythrocyte counts. Testosterone did not affect absolute lymphocyte count. Similar increase in total leukocyte count was observed with testosterone treatment in OPTIMEN (change 0.77×103 cells/µL, P vs placebo=0.004). Testosterone administration in men differentially increases neutrophil and monocyte counts. These findings, together with its erythropoietic effects, suggest that testosterone promotes the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors into the myeloid lineage. These findings have potential mechanistic, therapeutic, and safety implications.

Metode Penghitungan Eritrosit dan Leukosit Total pada Raptor di Wildlife Rescue Centre (WRC) Jogja

Most of raptor species rehabilitated for conservation purpose at WRC Jogja are eagles. Annually, we perform general raptor examination involving conventional routine hematologic examination. However, low sample quality and over dense blood cell population during total erythrocyte and leukocyte counting were deemed as obstacles. This study aimed to give wider insight in how total erythrocyte and leukocyte counting was performed at WRC Jogja to overcome those obstacles. Firstly, handling and restraint were done physically adapting the Aba method. One-to-two half millilitres of blood was collected from the ulnar vein using 3-ml-syringe with 24-gauge-needle which was then preserved in an EDTA-containing tube and proceeded to subsequent method no more than 3 hours after collection. No hypovolemic shock was observed. During total erythrocyte and leukocyte counting using Neubauer-ruled counting chamber, we modified the dilution factor to be 250-fold and 50-fold respectively. This method yielded a countable cell density and can be applied in other species in similar condition.

Numerical and Morphological Alterations in Erythrocytes of Pesticide Induced Indian Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

The objective of the present study was to detect the erythrocyte alterations in freshwater teleost fish <i>Heteropneustes fossilis</i> (Bloch) exposed to different sub-lethal concentrations of organophosphate pesticide Nuvan on different time intervals. The 96 h LC50 value of Nuvan was estimated by using log-dose probit regression line method. On the basis of LC50 value, the sub-lethal concentrations were determined as 0.26 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L and 0.43 mg/L which are 1/25, 1/20 and 1/15 of LC50 respectively. Well acclimated fishes were exposed to these different concentrations of Nuvan for 60 days. The fishes from both control and treated group were sacrificed after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days and blood samples were collected. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) was calculated by standard method and blood smear slides were prepared in both the groups. It was observed that total erythrocyte count (TEC) in pesticide treated fish decreases besides they show morphological changes when compared to their control sets.<div><br></div>

SAT0654-HPR AN OUTCOME EVALUATION FOR THE NURSE-LED EARLY ARTHRITIS CLINIC ON THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AT CARITAS MEDICAL CENTRE IN HONG KONG

Background:Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease that may cause progressive joint damage and deformity, leading to functional disability and reduced quality of life. However, there is often a long waiting time for the first assessment in Rheumatology Clinic by doctor. Development of rheumatology nurse-led clinic allows early assessment by qualified rheumatology nurse for patients with suspected RA. It may potentially facilitate the decision and treatment plan in the first doctor clinic. A nurse-led Early Arthritis Clinic (EAC) for RA patients had been established in Caritas Medical Centre (CMC) since January 2018.Objectives:To determine the effectiveness of the EAC by early identification of new cases of RA and to facilitate decision in early initiation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) during the first doctor clinic assessment.Methods:New cases were screened and recruited by Rheumatology nurse from January to December 2018 to nurse-led EAC. The recruited new cases were seen in EAC around 1 to 4 weeks before the first doctor clinic. Rheumatology nurse performed nursing assessment in EAC according to the 2010 ACR-EULAR Classification of RA. These cases will be reviewed by Rheumatologist during the first doctor clinic for confirmation of diagnosis and formulation of treatment plan. If urgent problems were identified during assessment in EAC, patients would be prioritized to have an earlier doctor clinic appointment or hospitalization may be arranged.Results:A total of 128 patients with articular symptoms were seen in nurse-led EAC during the study period. Nursing assessment revealed that 71 patients were required further evaluation for the diagnosis of RA (26 males and 45 females, mean age for males: 51, mean age for females: 56) and they were recruited into the study. 36 of these 71 patients were confirmed with the diagnosis RA by rheumatologist during the first consultation of doctor clinic. 13 of 36 patients were prescribed with DMARDs on the same day of consultation. Before the establishment of EAC, the mean time of confirmation of RA by rheumatologist was 8 weeks (range from 4 to 12 weeks). Therefore, EAC facilitates both the early diagnosis of RA and the prompt initiation of treatment after confirmation of diagnosis. Reduction in disease activity was also noted after treatment. The mean Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS 28) during the assessment in EAC was 4.66 (range 3.22 to 6.54) while post treatment after EAC and the first doctor clinic was 3.30 (range 2.08 to 5.16) with mean difference of -1.36 (p&lt;0.01). Other diagnoses were also made among the 71 patients. 8 patients were diagnosed of Spondyloarthropathy, 2 patients were diagnosed of psoriatic arthritis and 2 patients were diagnosed of systemic lupus erythematosus. 3 of these 71 patients were identified urgent medical problems required early intervention. Among these 3 cases, two patients with liver function derangement and one of them needed hospital admission for assessment of acute hepatitis. Another patient was arranged hospitalization to rule out sepsis due to raised total white cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.Conclusion:Rheumatology nurse assessment in EAC is effective in assessing patients with suspected diagnosis of RA. It shortened the time to confirm the diagnosis of RA, and facilitated the decision on treatment plan. It effectively improved the disease activity of patients due to the prompt initiation of DMARDs by Rheumatologist.