Total Antioxidant Capacity Of Saliva Research Articles

Comparative Assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Unstimulated Saliva Which Can Reflect the Oxidative Stress between Autism Children and Normal Children

ABSTRACT Aim: To assess the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the unstimulated saliva of autism children and normal children. Methods: A total of 60 children participated in the study (autism children—30; normal children—30) in the age-group of 7–14 years, at a Special Needs Children’s Home in Salem district. Both groups were further subdivided into subgroups of 15 children each (caries-free and caries-active). All children were given instructions regarding saliva sample collection, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected in sterile cryovials and transported to the laboratory at 4°C, where the TAC of saliva was evaluated using the spectrophotometric assay. Results: TAC of autism children was comparable to that of normal children due to personal care and improved diet. TAC was increased in caries-active children when compared to caries-free children in both groups. When comparing the mean values of TAC in caries-active and caries-free children of both groups, it was not statistically significant. So, from the above results, it can be assumed that the diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the TAC level of saliva. Conclusion: Personal hygiene, diet, age, and caries activity have a definitive influence on the level of TAC in saliva.

Efficacy of a Novel Intracanal Medicament on Total Antioxidant Status in Patients With Apical Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction Successfulendodontic treatment relies upon the microbial debridement of the root canal system. This can be achieved to a great extent by using intracanal medicaments, which inhibit the microbes growing in the root canal. Evaluating the capacity of oxidants in the saliva is a crucial parameter for assessing the antioxidant capacity of any individual, which decreases in inflammatory conditions. An effective intracanal medicament can increase the total antioxidant capacity of saliva, which comes down because of inflammatory conditions. Aim To evaluate the effect of two intracanal medicaments on the antioxidant capacity of saliva. Materials and methods In a randomized prospective clinical trial, 42 patients with a mean age of 18-70 years were selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, and the baseline value of the total antioxidant capacity of saliva was recorded. The patients were categorized into two groups as per the block randomization method (Group I: calcium hydroxide (Maarc, New Delhi, India) intracanal medicament; Group II: Hekla lava (SBL Pvt. Ltd., Germany) intracanal medicament). Access opening, working length determination, and cleaning and shaping were conducted using hand K-files and ProTaper Gold rotary files. Intracanal medicaments were placed according to the groups assigned, and temporary restoration was placed. The patients were recalled after seven days. If the tooth was asymptomatic, obturation was completed, and a saliva sample was collected to assess thetotal antioxidant capacity. Results The total antioxidant capacity of saliva was increased afterusing intracanal medicaments and endodontic therapy, and there was a statistically significant difference before and after using both the medicaments (p=0.0005; i.e., calcium hydroxide and Hekla lava. When both medicaments were compared, there was no significant difference in the antioxidant capacity of salivaamong medicaments (p=0.384). Conclusion The total antioxidant capacity ofsaliva was increased after using both the intracanal medicaments. Hence, Hekla lava can be potentially used as an alternativeintracanal medicament.

Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva and Its Correlation with pH Levels among Dental Students under Different Stressful Conditions.

(1) Background: This cross-sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Timisoara, Romania, between December 2022 and February 2023 aims to assess salivary total antioxidant capacity and pH levels in dental students experiencing non-stressful and stressful situations and explore potential correlations between these factors. (2) Methods: Saliva samples were collected during two different periods: before an Oral Health course and before the Oral Health exam, under stressful conditions. Ethical principles were followed, and informed consent was obtained. Data on age, gender, health status, drug use, smoking habits, and anxiety levels were recorded. Saliva was collected using the draining method and pH was measured using indicator paper strips. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using a commercial assay kit. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, Student's t-test to compare pH and TAC between study groups, and Pearson's correlation coefficient to analyze the correlation between salivary pH and TAC within each group, with p < 0.05 indicating significance. (3) Results: This study involved 80 participants, comprising 26 males and 54 females, all enrolled in the 5th year of the Oral Health course, with ages ranging from 20 to 53 and a mean age of 23.62 (±4.19) years. Pearson's correlation results show a statistically significant negative relationship between the STAI test and TAC during the stress-free period (-0.02 **, N = 80, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: There are variations in saliva's antioxidant capacity in response to different stress conditions. Dental students experienced a higher level of stress before academic assessments compared to the non-stress period during the course.

Evaluation of the Salivary Oxidative Stress, and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants Marker in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that preferentially affects diarthrodial joints. Oxidative stress is elevated in RA patients implying reactive oxygen species (ROS) are possible mediators of tissue damage. Assess the level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin E, and C )in the saliva of in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA). For the realization of our goals we included sixty rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA) (21 female and 39 male) who were fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism 2010 revised criteria for classification of RA ,picked randomly, at the age from 25-57 years, and 60 as age matched control group, who attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital / Tikrit / Iraq during the period from January 2017 to March 2018. Stimulated saliva specimens were collected at the morning. TAC of saliva was evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. Statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test, by SPSS 13. Levels of salivary pH, flow rate, TAC, vit E and C were decreased significantly, whereas the salivary level of MDA were increased significantly in RA patients when compared with healthy controls. There was an increased oxidative stress and a low antioxidant status in patients with RA. These changes are probably due to efforts for reducing lipid peroxidation and hence to lower tissue damage.

Functional sugar-free chewing gum infused with spices bolsters antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of saliva

Oral and vascular diseases are seemingly disparate conditions, yet individuals with poor oral health are at increased risk for cardiovascular events. Spice-derived bioactive polyphenols with antioxidant functionality may attenuate mechanisms linking the diseases, namely oxidative stress and inflammation. Acknowledging that novel approaches to increase antioxidant intake are warranted, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two functional sugar-free gums infused with spices on antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of saliva using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity and Folin-Ciocalteu assays, respectively. Unstimulated followed by stimulated saliva was collected according to a validated method across a prescribed five minute chewing period. Both gums significantly increased hydrophilic, lipophilic, and total antioxidant capacity of saliva (p < 0.05) yet to varying extents. Phenolic content of saliva was significantly higher (p < 0.001) post-chew for both gums. Results suggest spices infused into sugar-free chewing gum bolster the antioxidant capacity of saliva, thereby promoting oral health. Research evaluating the sublingual absorption of spice-derived antioxidants in functional gums and their influence on systemic oxidative stress is warranted.

Determination and correlation of matrix metalloproteases profile and total antioxidant capacity in severe early childhood caries children - A randomized clinical trial.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a multigene family that belongs to the metalloproteinase class of endopeptides, responsible for the remodeling and degeneration of extracellular matrix molecules. MMPs are collectively called Matrixins are known to participate in tooth development and dentin-caries progression. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is the measure of the amount of free radicals scavenged by a test solution, being used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of biological samples. Oxidative stress can affect the initiation and progression of many inflammatory and infectious diseases such as dental caries. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem that adversely affects children's physical and mental health. The study aims to investigate and correlate the presence of MMPs and TAC in saliva of children with ECC. The present study was done on 50 children aged 3-6 years with severe ECC. Unstimulated, whole saliva samples were collected and stored and all 50 samples were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine MMPs and were subjected to spectrometry to assess the TAC of saliva. The samples with the presence of MMPs and increased TAC values were subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to check the correlation of MMPs and TAC in ECC. TAC was 0.81 ± 0.14 mmol/l in the caries-active group and 0.15 ± 0.05 mmol/l in the caries-free group and was statistically significant at P < 0.001. MMP level in the caries-active group was 715.75 ± 102.42 μg/ml, whereas, in the caries-free group, it was 250.89 ± 86.51 μg/ml and was statistically significant at P < 0.001. The salivary MMP and TAC levels showed a significant positive moderate correlation with caries scores in the caries-active group and the finding was statistically significant at P < 0.001. From our results, it can be concluded that the both MMPs and TAC levels were high in caries active group than in the caries-free group. The salivary MMPs showed a moderate positive correlation with TAC in the ECC group. In age-wise comparison, the mean MMP levels in the caries active group were higher in children between 3 and 4 years than in 5-6 years. In the caries-free group, the mean MMP level was similar in both the age groups.

EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF SALIVA IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS PATIENT

Background: Saliva despite being rich in ions, proteins, and antibodies also contains antioxidants: ascorbic acid, uric acid, albumin, and enzymes, which play an important role against oxidative stresses (OS) that causes oral cavity diseases like periodontitis. The aim of study is to analyze and compare the total antioxidant capacity of saliva between chronic periodontitis patients (at baseline and after therapy) and healthy non-chronic periodontitis patients (control group) in addition to comparing periodontal measurements such as gingival index, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss among chronic periodontitis patients at baseline and after one month from treatment.

Determination of salivary concentrations of leptin and adiponectin, ability to reduce ferric ions and total antioxidant capacity of saliva in patients with severe early childhood caries.

IntroductionOne of the most common oral diseases affecting children is early childhood caries (ECC). The link between oxidative stress and ECC has been proven in numerous clinical studies. Technical and biological variability were so high in most of the studies that none of the markers have yet been proven suitable for routine clinical use. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant status and the levels of leptin and adiponectin in saliva of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).MethodsMorning unstimulated saliva samples were collected from children (n = 40, 0–6 years old) for the evaluation of oxidative stress which were measured by total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, as well as to assess the salivary levels of leptin and adiponectin. FRAP, TAC, leptin and adiponectin concentrations were evaluated in S-ECC group (n = 31) and caries free group CF (n = 9). All results were analyzed based on age and sex.ResultsOverall median salivary leptin and adiponectin levels were 5.59 pg/mL and 24.86 ng/mL, respectively. Significantly lower leptin levels were observed in saliva of caries free children (4.66 pg/mL) than in the S-ECC group (6.64 pg/mL, p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed for adiponectin levels (S-ECC and CF, 25.31 and 23.2 ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.961). TAC and FRAP values of saliva had similar values in children with S-ECC and caries free children. TAC and FRAP values also remained stable with the age of the children, without significant differences with respect to sex.ConclusionThe increased concentrations of leptin in saliva of children with S-ECC suggests that leptin may play a role in inflammatory and immune responses in the development of early childhood caries.

Evaluation of the Cariogenic Potential and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva after the Consumption of Candies and Paneer: An In Vivo Study

Abstract Aim The present study was performed to assess and compare the changes in pH, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva after consuming candies, followed by rinsing with water and consumption of paneer. Materials and Methods Baseline saliva of 5 mL was collected from 60 children and they were asked to chew on candies. After 10 minutes of intake of candies, 5 mL of saliva was collected. They were then divided into two groups of 30 each and test products were given. Group 1: rinse with water and group 2: chew 20 g of paneer and swallow. Saliva of % mL was collected after 10, 20, and, 30 minutes from the study groups. The saliva samples collected were assessed for pH, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and TAC. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and post hoc Tukey's test. Results The pH, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase decreased from baseline values after consuming candies significantly (p &lt; 0.001). These increased after rinsing with water and consumption of paneer which was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). The TAC values increased significantly after consuming candies and decreased after rinsing with water and consumption of paneer which was substantial for both the groups. Conclusion Consumption of candies created a cariogenic milieu. Both the study groups were effective in the reversal of the cariogenic potential. The consumption of paneer caused remineralizing properties and showed superior results than rinsing with water.

Effect of Oil Pulling on pH, Buffering Capacity and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in Children: A Randomised Control Study

Introduction: Saliva is emerging as a diagnostic tool in the field of dentistry. The changes in salivary composition, its physical and chemical properties determine the state of both oral and general health. Chemical plaque control measures improve oral health, by effectively controlling the microbial load in the dental plaque and these agents are thought to alter the properties of saliva. Oil pulling with edible oils has proved to be an adjunct to routine oral hygiene methods to improve oral health. Aim: To evaluate and compare the effect of oil pulling therapy with sesame oil and virgin coconut oil with Chlorhexidine (CHX) gargling and plain water gargling on pH, buffering capacity, and total antioxidant capacity of saliva. Materials and Methods: A four armed randomised controlled study was conducted in 80 female children in the age group of 12-14 years from July 2019 to December 2019 in Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Kannur Dental College, Anjarakandy, Kannur, Kerala, India. Children with mild to moderate gingivitis were selected and assigned into four groups to use different types of mouth rinsing (Group A: chlorhexidine, Group B: sesame oil , Group C: virgin coconut oil and Group D: plain water as control) for one month. Unstimulated whole saliva, collected from these participants were evaluated for the changes in pH, buffering capacity and total antioxidant capacity, at baseline and at 30 days. The data were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using ANOVA (Post-hoc), followed by Dunnet t-test, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25.0 version. Tukey post-hoc test was done to identify the significant pairs. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 13.4 years. Intragroup comparisons showed there were statistically significant changes in the baseline to 30th day values of gingival index, values, antioxidant capacity and buffering capacity for all the experimental groups (p&lt;0.05). Coconut oil pulling (p=0.0345) and sesame oil pulling (p=0.026) and CHX gargling (p=0.045) showed statistically significant changes in salivary buffering capacity when compared to the control. On intergroup comparisons of experimental groups, there was no statistical difference in antioxidant capacity, salivary buffering capacity and pH of the saliva (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil had equal effectiveness as CHX on the antioxidant capacity and buffering capacity of saliva.

Effect of duration of mobile phone use on the salivary flow and total antioxidant capacity of saliva and salivary immunoglobulin A level: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACTIntroduction:The objective of this study was to observe the effects of the duration of handheld mobile phone usage on the salivary flow, salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) level, and salivary markers for oxidative stress.Materials and Methods:Eighty-one students were categorized into three groups based on their duration of mobile phone usage after age- and gender-matching. Students were grouped as: mobile phone usage <20 min/day (Group A), mobile phone usage 20−60 min/day (Group B), and mobile phone usage >60 min/day (Group C). Saliva was collected to evaluate salivary flow rate, salivary IgA level, and salivary markers for oxidative stress.Results:The salivary flow rate showed no statistically significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.180). There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary IgA between the three groups (P = 0.237). There was a statistically significant difference in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level between the three groups (P = 0.042). On pair comparison between the groups, group B and group C had a statistically significant difference (P = 0.019) in the MDA level. There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary thiol level between the three groups (P = 0.237).Conclusion:The duration of handheld mobile phone usage did not show any significant effects on the salivary flow rate, salivary IgA, and thiol levels. There was an increase in the salivary MDA concentration in subjects using handheld mobile phones for a longer duration, indicating higher oxidative stress in salivary glands exposed to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic waves for a longer duration.

Evaluation of the Relationship between Salivary Lipids, Proteins and Total Antioxidant Capacity with Gingival Health Status in Type-1 Diabetic Children.

Statement of the Problem: Alteration in salivary composition and its effect on the oral cavity in diabetic child patients remains equivocal.Purpose: This study was performed to assess the relationship between salivary factors and gingival status in children with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM).Material and Method: In this cross-sectional study, 120 subjects aged 6-16 years (60 well-controlled and poorly-controlled diabetics and 60 healthy individuals) were examined to determine the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI). The unstimulated saliva samples were collected to measure the salivary triglyceride, cholesterol, albumin, α-amylase, total protein levels by the laboratory kits. Total antioxidant capacity and the free radicals scavenger index were measured by the Ferric Reducing Ability Of Plasma (FRAP) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively. Data were analyzed by parametric and non-parametric, Pearson correlation, and t tests at a 5% error level.Results: GI of diabetics was significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (1.51± 0.71 and 0.9±0.81, respectively, p< 0.001). No significant difference was found between the PI of diabetics compared to healthy volunteers (1.59±0.69, 1.63±0.74, respectively). The levels of salivary triglyceride and cholesterol, albumin and total proteins in healthy subjects were significantly higher than that in people with DM (p< 0.001). A significantly more salivary α-amylase activity was found in diabetics compared to non-diabetics (p< 0.001). No significant differences were found between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in terms of DPPH (95.5, 95.9%, respectively) and FRAP (9.77±0.13, 9.78±0.12 (µmol/mL), respectively).Conclusion: More gingival inflammation and salivary α-amylase activity and lower level of salivary lipids, albumin, and total proteins were found in diabetic patients, but there was no association between the level of lipids, proteins, and the total antioxidant capacity of saliva with periodontal health indicators in patients with DM and healthy individuals.

Gender influence on antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in saliva of children with autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study

Abstract Introduction Autism is a complex neurological disorder with multifactorial causes, which compromises physical, psychological, emotional and social skills. This disorder also impairs dental care and patient oral health. Saliva can be easily obtained using a non-invasive technique and has been used in the diagnosis and screening of many pathologies. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva is reduced in the presence of caries in children and has been studied as a possible marker for autism. However, data on salivary antioxidants in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is scarce. Objective This preliminary study evaluated the existence of gender influence on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and protein oxidative damage in the saliva of children with this disorder. Our hypothesis is that there are gender differences in these biochemical parameters in children with austim. Material and method Whole saliva samples were collected by aspiration between 8:00-11:00 am from 12 girls and 12 boys aged 5 to 15 years, with previous diagnosis for this disorder. Total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, protein concentration and oxidative damage to proteins were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation and tested for adherence to normality (Shapiro-Wilk test). The data were then compared using the Mann-Whitney test, considering a 5% significance level. Result There was no significant difference between groups for all analyzed parameters (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion Based on the results obtained, we concluded that gender does not influence the levels of oxidative stress markers in the saliva of children with ASD.

Comparison of total antioxidant capacity of saliva in men based on daily cigarette consumption

Objective: Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting free oxygen and nitrogen radicals and preventing their formation. There are contradictory results regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and total antioxidant capacity of saliva. In this study, the total antioxidant capacity of saliva has been compared in normal smokers, heavy smokers and non-smokers. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 28 heavy male smokers (more than one pack of cigarettes per day), 28 normal male smokers (less than one pack of cigarettes per day), and 28 male non-smokers aged 25 to 40 years old entered the study. Unstimulated saliva was collected by Spitting method. The total antioxidant capacity of saliva was measured using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean total antioxidant capacity of saliva in male non-smokers was 0.0598 ± 0.08 ?mol / L, in normal male smokers was 0.049 ± 0.04 ?mol / L, and in heavy male smokers was 0.0388 ± 0.035 ?mol / L, which did not show any significant difference between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that smoking does not have a significant effect on total antioxidant capacity of saliva in smokers. KEYWORDS Smokers; Saliva; Total antioxidant capacity.

Comparison of salivary total antioxidant levels in male smokers and non-smokers according to their personality types.

Cigarette smoking is a major global health problem, associated with various oral diseases, such as oral cancers. Salivary antioxidants may play an important role in fighting against radicals and the oxidative components of cigarettes, which can cause DNA damage. Furthermore, psychological stress, which occurs more often in individuals with type A personality, affects plasma antioxidant levels. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) between smokers and non-smokers according to their personality types. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, saliva samples were collected from 40 male smokers (with ≥0.1 pack-years) and 40 male non-smokers. After centrifugation, the samples were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Pearson's correlation, Welch's t-test and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used for statistical analyses. The TAC of saliva in smokers was significantly lower than in non-smokers (p = 0.019). Type A and type B smokers showed no significant decrease in TAC (p > 0.05 and p = 0.05, respectively) as compared to type A and type B non-smokers, respectively. Type A smokers reported a higher number of cigarettes smoked per day as compared to smokers with type B personality (p = 0.043). Smoking cigarettes was associated with a significant decrease in salivary TAC. However, the personality type did not affect salivary TAC in the present study.

Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Saliva of Smokers and Non-smokers with Chronic Periodontitis

Determination of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Saliva of Smokers and Non-smokers with Chronic Periodontitis

Assessment of salivary antioxidant status and immunoglobulin E in patients with geographic tongue.

Objective:One of the possible ways of changing human health might be through the oral mucosa. One of tongue disorders is geographic tongue (GT), which classic manifestation is an area of erythema, with atrophy of filiform papillae of the tongue, surrounded by a serpiginous, white, hyperkeratotic border. Saliva is a rich source of antioxidant and fulfills an important role in maintaining the normal function of the oral cavity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the status of salivary antioxidant and immunoglobulin E in patients with GT and healthy people.Materials and Methods:In this case-control study, samples were gathered from high school students in three municipal regions of Kermanshah, Iran by using multistage random cluster sampling method. The samples included 30 patients with GT (15 men and 15 women with the mean age of 17.6 ± 0.72) and 30 healthy volunteers (15 men and 15 women with the mean age of 17.1 ± 0.61). Saliva samples were collected through standard method, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and salivary immunoglobulin E were measured.Results:In patients with GT, unstimulated salivary shows increased level of immunoglobulin compared with that of control group (P = 0.013). However, there was no significant relationship between control and GT patient groups regarding TAC of saliva (P = 0.91) and CAT (P = 0.83).Conclusion:It seems that the activity of CAT enzyme and TAC of saliva does not play primary role in the pathogenesis of GT. However, the level of immunoglobulin E present in saliva can function as an indicator of increased sensitivity in GT.

Does Melissa officinalis consumption improve the salivary antioxidant status of smokers?

Background:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Melissa officinalis tea on the total antioxidant capacity of saliva among smokers.Methods:24 smokers were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic information and duration of smoking were recorded at the beginning of study. Two cups of Melissa officinalis tea were given to the participants with specific instruction for 30 days. The unstimulated saliva was collected on first day, 15th and 30th days. Then, total antioxidant capacity was measured by a special kit. Statistical analysis was conducted by repeated measure ANOVA test.Results:The mean values of total antioxidant capacity of saliva were significantly higher in days 15 and 30 from the baseline. (p<0.0001, P=0.006). In day 30, the mean value of antioxidant was not significantly different from day 15. (P=0.271).Conclusion: Melissa officinalis tea consumption increases salivary antioxidants level in smokers.

The total oxidant status and total antioxidant capacity of saliva in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after non – surgical periodontal treatment

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis, before and after non – surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). In addition, we aimed to investigate the correlation between salivary TOS, TAOC levels and periodontal parameters. Materials and Method: This longitudinal study included 12 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. The periodontal parameters (PlI, GI, PPD, CAL, BOP) and unstimulated saliva of the patients were evaluated at baseline and eight weeks after NSPT. The salivary TAOC and TOS levels were measured using assay kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: At eight weeks after NSPT, the saliva TOS levels were lower and the saliva TAOC levels were higher significantly, compared to those at baseline (p &lt;0.05). A correlation between TAOC and PPD at eight weeks after NSPT was found (p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: The periodontal parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers improved after NSPT when compared to baseline. However, more studies are in need to confirm the correlation between oxidative stress biomarkers and periodontal parameters.

Detection of 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine &amp; Total Antioxidant Capacity in Saliva of Patients with Oral Premalignant &amp; Malignant Lesions

Background: the current study investigated the level of salivary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine & total antioxidant capacity in oral premalignant and malignant lesions in order to determine their diagnostic value for the malignant patients. Methods: A total of 120 subjects diagnosed with leukoplakia (n=30), oral lichen planus (n=30), oral squamous cell carcinoma (n=30) & healthy control subjects (n=30) were included in this study. Salivary samples from all participants were collected. 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique and the level of total antioxidant capacity had been measured by means of photometric system.Results: A significant higher salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was observed in the group of oral squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to other groups. Comparing leukoplakia & oral lichen planus groups, no significant difference existed. Total antioxidant capacity showed its lowest value, with statistical significance, in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. As between different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma, significant difference had been registered in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine between grade III and the other two grades while for total antioxidant only statistical significance existed between grade I and III.Conclusion: Salivary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine & total antioxidant capacity are noteworthy diagnostic markers that can be utilized in diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.