TOS Levels Research Articles

Capparis spinosa L. meyvelerinin metanol ekstraktının Parkinson hastalığının in-vitro deneysel modelinde nöroprotektif etkisi

Aim: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most widespread neurodegenerative disease. This study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of methanol extract obtained from Capparis spinosa L. fruits, which are known to have important bioactive components, on in-vitro experimental PD model.
 Material and Method: After collecting Capparis spinosa L. fruits from Alanya/Antalya, methanol extract was prepared by drying and grinding. SH-SY5Y cells grown in flasks were transferred to 96 well plates and were incubated until 80% cell density was reached. Different doses of methanol extract were applied to the cells 30 minutes before the PD model was formed. For the PD model, SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 200 µM 6-OHDA for 24 hours. MTT analysis was performed to assess the viability of SH-SY5Y cells at the end of the 24-hour period. TOS, TAC, and IL-17A levels in the cell medium were determined using the ELISA method. Expression of TNFα and α-synuclein was defined using the immunohistochemical method.
 Results: Cell viability was found to be higher in all treatment groups than in the 6-OHDA group. Moderate levels of TNFα and α-synuclein positivity were observed in the 1500 µg/ml methanol extract group. It was determined that TOS and TAC levels change depending on the dose. It has been determined that the level of IL-17A decreases at low doses. Statistical significance was found between the groups.
 Conclusion: When the findings were examined, it was determined that the methanol extract obtained from Capparis spinosa L. fruits reduced oxidative stress and IL-17A levels at low doses and provided a neuroprotective effect by increasing the antioxidant capacity.

Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus) Methanolic Leaf Extract Alleviates Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Toxicity in BALB/c Mouse Brain: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Apoptotically Related Klotho/PPARγ Signaling.

(1) Background: Various epidemiological studies suggest that oxidative stress and disrupted neuronal function are mechanistically linked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and eventually, cell death such as NDs can be induced by nitrosamine-related compounds, leading to neurodegeneration. A limited number of studies have reported that exposure to diethylnitrosamine (DEN), which is commonly found in processed/preserved foods, causes biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Artichoke leaves have been used in traditional medicine as a beneficial source of bioactive components such as hydroxycinnamic acids, cynarine, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin). The aim of this study is to investigate the favorable effects of exogenous artichoke (Cynara scolymus) methanolic leaf extract supplementation in ameliorating DEN-induced deleterious effects in BALB/c mouse brains. (2) Methods: This study was designed to evaluate DEN (toxicity induction by 100 mg/kg) and artichoke (protective effects of 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg treatment) for 14 days. All groups underwent a locomotor activity test to evaluate motor activity. In brain tissue, oxidative stress indicators (TAC, TOS, and MDA), Klotho and PPARγ levels, and apoptotic markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) were measured. Brain slices were also examined histopathologically. (3) Results: Artichoke effectively ameliorated DEN-induced toxicity with increasing artichoke dose. Impaired motor function and elevated oxidative stress markers (decreasing MDA and TOS levels and increasing TAC level) induced by DEN intoxication were markedly restored by high-dose artichoke treatment. Artichoke significantly improved the levels of Klotho and PPARγ, which are neuroprotective factors, in mouse brain tissue exposed to DEN. In addition, caspase-3 and Bax levels were reduced, whereas the Bcl-2 level was elevated with artichoke treatment. Furthermore, recovery was confirmed by histopathological analysis. (4) Conclusions: Artichoke exerted neuroprotective effects against DEN-induced brain toxicity by mitigating oxidant parameters and exerting antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Further research is needed to fully identify the favorable impact of artichoke supplementation on all aspects of DEN brain intoxication.

Levetiracetam Protects Against Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cell Line

The latest research has shown that the new generation of antiepileptic drugs has neuroprotective on nervous system. On the other hand, the effect of levetiracetam, a new generation antiepileptic drug, on GIC in SH-SY5Y cells remains uncertain. This research aims to investigate the effect of levetiracetam on GIC and oxidant and antioxidant levels in SH-SY5Y cells. It is utilized SH-SY5Y cell line at this research. Four groups were formed to assess the impact of levetiracetam on SH-SY5Y cell death following GIC. While no treatment was administered to the control group, 10 mM glutamate was administered to the glutamate group for 24 hours (10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml). LEV at different concentrations was given to the levetiracetam for 24 hours. The levetiracetam + glutamate was pretreated with levetiracetam at several concentrations for 1 hour (10, 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml), which was followed by a 24-hour exposure to 10 mM glutamate. TAS and TOS levels in cells and cell viability were examined. Following the GIC, a 25 μg/ml-Levetiracetam improved cell viability in neuroblastoma cells dramatically (p < 0.05). LEV (25 ug/ml) + glutamate while enhanced TAS levels in neuroblastoma cells in comparison to the glutamate (p < 0.05), significantly reduced TOS levels (p < 0.05 Levetiracetam improves cell survival by reducing cell death following GIC in neuroblastoma cells. In the acute process, levetiracetam exerts a protective effect.

Artemisinin Uygulamasının, Pentilentetrazol ile İndüklenen Farelerin Karaciğer ve Böbrek Dokusunda Total Oksidan/Antioksidan ve Oksidatif Stres İndeksi Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

This study was designed to investigate the changes in total oxidant (TOS)/antioxidant (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in liver and kidney tissues of mice pre-treatment of artemisinin against oxidative stress that may occur in mice administered pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Swiss albino mice (Male) (n=42) were used in the study. The mice were divided into six groups and each group had seven animals (n=7): (1) Control (C) /saline Group, (2) PTZ (35 mg/kg) Group, (3) Valproate (VPA) (100 mg/kg) + PTZ Group, (4) Artemisinin (ART) (30 mg/kg) + PTZ Group, (5) ART (60 mg/kg) + PTZ Group, (6) ART (120 mg/kg) + PTZ Group. Mice received injections intraperitoneally (ip). After the treatments, the animals were observed for seizures for 30 minutes. On the last day (day 26) of the experiment, the PTZ loading dose (75 mg/kg) was administered to the mice and then the animals were sacrificed. TAS, TOS and OSI levels were measured in liver and kidney tissue. PTZ increased TOS and decreased TAS in liver and kidney tissue. ART significantly increased TAS and decreased TOS in liver tissue at increasing doses (p

Levetiracetam treatment in an experimental model of sciatic nerve injury: A randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Aim This study examined whether levetiracetam contributes to improvements in the axon-nerve damage in an experimental rat model. Materials and Methods Forty-eight Wistar albino adult male rats weighing 250–300 gr were randomized into six groups having or not having sciatic nerve damages and receiving different (none, 300 and 600 mg/kg) levetiracetam doses, and control (non-levetiracetam). Functional gait analysis and tissue sample analysis with the aid of light microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin dye were evaluated between the groups. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the detailed examination of sciatic nerves. S-100 (Schwann cell marker) immunoreactivities in sciatic nerve was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Sciatic functional index of the injured rats receiving 300 mg/kg levetiracetam was −65.59 ± 29.48 and −47.13 ± 21.36 in the 2nd and 6th weeks, respectively (p < 0.001). Also, IMA and TOS levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to those receiving levetiracetam (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The most significant nerve regeneration was in the group injured and treated with LEV 600 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Conclusion There was a significant improvement in the sciatic functional index, histopathological findings, and parameters showing tissue oxidant status in rats with sciatic nerve injury receiving levetiracetam treatment. Further investigations should be performed to evaluate the contribution of levetiracetam as a treatment modality in sciatic nerve injuries.

Effect of sulfasalazine on endothelium-dependent vascular response by the activation of Nrf2 signalling pathway.

Background: Diabetes mellitus leads to endothelial dysfunction and accumulation of oxygen radicals. Sulfasalazine-induced Nrf2 activation reduces oxidative stress in vessels. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effects of sulfasalazine on endothelial dysfunction induced by high glucose. We also ascribed the underlying mechanism involved in glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods: For this experiment we used 80 Wistar Albino rats thoracic aorta to calculate the dose response curve of noradrenaline and acetylcholine. Vessels were incubated in normal and high glucose for 2h. To investigate glucose and sulfasalazine effects the vessels of the high glucose group were pre-treated with sulfasalazine (300mM), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and ERK inhibitor (U0126) for 30min. The dose response curve was calculated through organ bath. The eNOS, TAS, TOS, and HO-1 levels were estimated by commercially available ELISA kits. Results: In the high glucose group, the Emax for contraction was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and Emax for relaxation was lower than that of control. These functional changes were parallel with the low levels of eNOS (p < 0.05). High glucose vessel treated with sulfasalazine showed low Emax value for contraction (p < 0.001) however, the Emax for relaxation was significantly high (p < 0.001) when compared to high glucose group. In the JNK group, Emax for contraction and relaxation was inhibited (p < 0.001) compared to sulfasalazine treated vessels. HO-1 enzyme levels were significantly low (p < 0.01) with sulfasalazine but higher with ERK inhibitor (p < 0.05). Conclusion: High glucose induced endothelial dysfunction and sulfasalazine reduced damage in high glucose vessels by activating eNOS, antioxidant effect through HO-1 enzymes and particularly inducing Nrf2 via the ERK and JNK pathways.

Effects of 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation on ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin level in diabetic and healthy brains

Diabetes, mobile phone use, and obesity have increased simultaneously in recent years. The radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from mobile phones is largely absorbed in the heads of users. With 5 G, which has started to be used in some countries without the necessary precautions being taken, the amount of RFR to which living things are exposed will increase. In this study, the changes in energy homeostasis and redox balance caused by 5 G (3.5 GHz, GSM-modulated) were explored. The effects of RFR on the brains of diabetic and healthy rats were investigated and histopathological analysis was performed. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into 4 groups as sham, RFR, diabetes, and RFR+diabetes groups (n = 7). The rats in each group were kept in a plexiglass carousel for 2 h a day for 30 days. While the rats in the experimental groups were exposed to RFR for 2 h a day, the rats in the sham group were kept under the same experimental conditions but with the radiofrequency generator turned off. At the end of the experiment, brain tissues were collected from euthanized rats. Total antioxidant (TAS), total oxidant (TOS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin levels were determined. In addition, histopathological analyses of the brain tissues were performed. The specific absorption rate in the gray matter of the brain was calculated as 323 mW/kg and 195 mW/kg for 1 g and 10 g averaging, respectively. After RFR exposure among diabetic and healthy rats, decreased TAS levels and increased TOS and H2O2 levels were observed in brain tissues. RFR caused increases in ghrelin and irisin and a decrease in nesfatin-1 in the brain. It was also observed that RFR increased the number of degenerated neurons in the hippocampus. Our results indicate that 3.5 GHz RFR causes changes in the energy metabolism and appetite of both healthy and diabetic rats. Thus, 5 G may not be innocent in terms of its biological effects, especially in the presence of diabetes.

RESVERATROL SIÇANLARDA OKSİDATİF STRESİ VE APOPTOZU BASKILAYARAK METOTREKSAT KAYNAKLI YUMURTALIK HASARINI HAFİFLETİR

Objective&#x0D; The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and&#x0D; antiapoptotic effects of Resveratrol (RES) against&#x0D; Methotrexate (MTX)-induced ovarian damage in&#x0D; female rats and were divided into 7 groups:&#x0D; Material and Method&#x0D; Control; MTX (15mg/kg-1st day); MTX (1st and 3rd&#x0D; day); MTX (1st, 3rd and 5th day); MTX (1st day) +&#x0D; RES (20mg/kg); MTX (1st and 3rd day) + RES; MTX&#x0D; (1st, 3rd and 5th day) + RES. Since there was only&#x0D; one animal left in groups 4 and 6 and no animals&#x0D; in group 7, these groups were excluded from the&#x0D; evaluation. Ovarian damage was evaluated by&#x0D; performing hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and TUNEL&#x0D; staining on ovarian tissues of rats. Total oxidant/&#x0D; antioxidant status in ovarian tissues was evaluated&#x0D; spectrophotometrically. In addition, DNA damage in&#x0D; blood was assessed by comet assay.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; As a result of biochemical analyzes, TOS levels&#x0D; increased in MTX groups, group 2 and 3, compared&#x0D; to the control group, while TOS level decreased&#x0D; significantly in group 5. On the other hand, TAS&#x0D; level increased significantly in group 5 compared&#x0D; to groups 2 and 3. H-E staining results showed that&#x0D; MTX-induced damage improved with RES (group 5)&#x0D; treatment. Maximum TUNEL positive staining image;&#x0D; it was observed in equal amounts in groups 2 and&#x0D; 3, followed by group 5. In addition, the comet score,&#x0D; which indicates DNA damage, increased significantly&#x0D; in groups 2 and 3, while it decreased significantly in&#x0D; group 5.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; In line with the results of this study, it was observed&#x0D; that Resveratrol may provide protective effects&#x0D; against Methotrexate-induced ovarian damage due to&#x0D; its antioxidant properties.

The healing effect of resveratrol and platelet rich plasma in corrosive esophagitis model in rats

Background: Corrosive esophageal burns have high morbidity and mortality. The effective treatment is controversial. In our study, we aimed to examine the effects of resveratrol (RSV) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) on healing in the corrosive esophagitis model in rats. &#x0D; Material and methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups each as esophagitis, control, PRP and RSV groups. No treatment was administered to the control group. The esophagitis model was induced in the esophagitis and treatment groups. The esophagitis group was not treated. PRP group was treated with PRP, RSV group was treated with RSV. Pathological and biochemical examinations were performed from distal esophagitis. &#x0D; Results: The highest tissue IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were observed in the esophagitis group. The lowest tissue IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were noted in the control group. The highest tissue TAS levels were observed in the control group. The lowest tissue TAS levels were noted in the esophagitis group. The other groups had significantly lower mean tissue TOS and OSI levels than the esophagitis group (P

Investigation of the Gastroprotective Effect of Betaine-Homocysteine Homeostasis on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Ethanol-Induced Ulcer Model

Background: There is a growing interest in the use of natural compounds for the treatment of gastric ulcers. The multifunctional roles of betaine in various diseases make this natural substance a favorable pre-drug for ulcer treatment. This study aims to determine the competence of betaine in gastroprotection against ethanol-induced damage and to explore underlying mechanisms considering its effects on liver and kidney activity and blood parameters. Methods: Wistar albino rats were orally treated with vehicle (distilled water) or betaine (250 mg/kg) for twenty-one days and then ulcer formation was induced by ingestion of 75% ethanol. Gastric mucosal damage was evaluated by gross examination and histopathological analysis. Homocysteine levels, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TAS), antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, routine biochemical tests were performed and hematological parameters were analyzed. Results: Betaine ameliorated any gastric mucosal damage and reduced homocysteine levels significantly. The TOS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased while the TAS, glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity were increased upon the betaine treatment. Betaine reduced apoptosis by regulating Bax and Bcl-2 levels, however, it did not alter inflammatory mediators. Additionally, betaine improved serum potassium (K+) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, whereas it increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and impaired hematological parameters. Conclusions: Altogether, these data illustrated that betaine exhibits a gastroprotective effect against ulcers through the homocysteine pathway by modulating oxidative stress in the gastric tissue; however, its systemic effects should not be ignored.

Clinical comprehensive and experimental assessment of the radioprotective effect of Annona muricata leaf extract to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue

Abstract We report the radioprotective attitude of Annona muricata (AM) leaf extract as antioxidant material to prevent cellular damage in the ileum tissue. The protective effects of an ethyl acetate extract of AM leaves are comprehensively investigated against radiation-induced ileal damage in numerous rats. Thirty-two adult female rats were separated into 4 groups (3 intervention groups and 1 control) as follows: controls received 0.01 mL/kg distilled water, the AM group received 300 mg/kg AM leaf extract, the ionizing radiation (IR) group received a single dose of whole body radiation (8.3 Gy) after 0.01 mL/kg saline treatment, and the AM + IR group received 300 mg/kg AM leaf extract treatment and were subjected to whole body radiation (8.3 Gy) 1 h after the last gavage. All treatments are administered by oral gavage once a day for 9 days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical total oxidant status (TOS, interleukin-6, and caspase) and histological examinations are performed on blood samples as well as ileum tissue. TOS levels are found to be significantly high in rats, which received irradiation, and those in the AM group when compared to controls. These findings suggest that AM has radioprotective effects on ileum tissue, likely because of its antioxidative properties. The findings of this research may contribute to the minimizing of major side effects induced by excessive radiation exposure in patients undergoing radiotherapy and may serve as a significant impetus for further assessments. However, future studies are highly recommended to confirm safety and to determine extraction technique and dosage before human use can be considered.

The effect of medical ozone therapy in addition to ovarian detorsion in ischemia reperfusion model

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ozone therapy on ovarian reserve, number of ovarian follicles, ovarian morphology in a rat ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury model. Twenty-four, Wistar Hannover rats were included. The rats were divided into three groups as control, detorsion-only, and ozone therapy + detorsion groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the follicular damage and inflammation scores between the study groups (p = .019, p = .002, respectively). The highest AMH decrease was observed in the detorsion-only group (p = .012). The total damage score was higher in the detorsion-only group than the ozone therapy + detorsion group. Preantral, small and large antral follicle numbers were less in the detorsion-only group than the ozone therapy + detorsion group. The highest postoperative day 7 TAS level was in the ozone therapy + detorsion group. TOS levels did not differ significantly between the study groups. The combination of the ozone therapy with ovarian detorsion is more effective in protecting the ovarian reserve than ovarian detorsion-only. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Adnexal torsion is a common gynecological emergency in reproductive-age women. The recommended management is the detorsion of the adnexal pedicle in patients with fertility desire. What do the results of this study add? The combination of the medical ozone therapy with conventional surgical ovarian detorsion is more effective in the protection of the ovarian reserve compared to surgical ovarian detorsion. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? This study speculates that medical ozone therapy in addition to conventional surgical ovarian detorsion could preserve ovarian reserve and function if confirmed in further clinical studies.

Oxidative stress in neonatal lambs and its relation to health status and passive colostral immunity

Oxidative stress (OS) related to birth in ruminants may increase susceptibility to diseases. However, information about the physiological changes related to OS in lambs is limited. This study was designed to evaluate changes in OS parameters [total antioxidant status (TAS, mmol Trolox Equiv./L), total oxidant status (TOS, μmol H2O2 Equiv./L)] and calculated oxidative stress index (OSi = TOS/TAS * 100, Arbitrary Unit) and its association with passive colostral transfer immunity and health status in neonatal Akkaraman crossbreed lambs. Control group of healthy lambs (n = 15) were blood sampled before (day 0) and after colostrum intake (on day 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28) in order to evaluate the effect of colostrum intake on TAS, TOS and OSi over time. In addition, a group of lambs (experimental group, n = 60), based on their health status and different cut off value of IgG (mg/dL), was also blood sampled at 24 ± 1 h of colostrum ingestion to determine the relationship between OS parameters, IgG and health status.OS was evident at birth and gradually decreased in control group as TOS (days 0:8.06 ± 0.64, 1:7.05 ± 0.51, 2:5.23 ± 0.35, 4:5.05 ± 0.2, 7:5.13 ± 0.34, 14:3.75 ± 0.12 and 28:3.73 ± 0.15 μmol H2O2 Equiv./L), OSi (days 0: 8.35 ± 0.64, 1: 9.17 ± 1.05, 2:6.83 ± 0.6, 4:6.30 ± 0.20, 7:6.67 ± 0.59, 14:4.46 ± 0.19 and 28:4.87 ± 0.29 au) and TAS (days 0: 0.97 ± 0.02, 1:0.82 ± 0.04, 2:0.81 ± 0.05, 4:0.81 ± 0.02, 7:0.80 ± 0.03, 14:0.85 ± 0.02 and 28:0.79 ± 0.03 mmol Trolox Equiv./L) values changed over time. In the experimental group, the lambs died in the first week of the neonatal period had higher levels of TOS (10.3 ± 0.90 μmol H2O2 Equiv./L) and OSi (1.61 ± 0.22 au) than healthy ones (TOS:6.90 ± 0.36 μmol H2O2 Equiv./L, OSi:1.12 ± 0.11 au) (P < 0.001). The gradual decrease in OS in the neonatal period was accepted as a sign of improved antioxidant response. The study disclosed that deaths may develop when OS at birth is not balanced by suffıcient amount and quality of colostrum an important source of antioxidants such as enzymes and vitamins. The study presented may provide new information in the field of study on oxidative stress in neonatal lambs and help to prevent deaths in the first week of life. It can also be useful in developing preventive measures such as supplements of antioxidants to colostrum.

Plasma Glycosaminoglycans in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Being Treated with Etanercept as Potential Biomarkers of Joint Dysfunction.

We assessed the effect of two-year etanercept (ETA) therapy on the metabolism of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: We performed a quantitative evaluation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (performed by the multistage extraction and purification method) in blood obtained from patients before and during 24 months of ETA treatment, as potential biomarker of joint dysfunction and indicators of biological effectiveness of therapy. Since the metabolism of GAGs is related to the activity of proteolytic enzymes and prooxidant–antioxidant factors, we decided to evaluate the relationship between GAGs and the levels of metalloproteinases (MMP), i.e., MMP-1 and MMP-3 (using immunoenzymatic methods), as well as the total antioxidative status (TAS) (using the colorimetric method) in blood of the JIA patients. Results: When compared to the controls, GAGs and TAS concentrations were significantly lower in patients with an aggressive course of JIA qualified for ETA treatment. MMP-1 and MMP-3 levels were significantly higher versus control values. An anti-cytokine therapy leading to clinical improvement does not lead to the normalization of any of the assessed parameters. GAGs concentration is significantly related to MMP-1, MMP-3, TAS, TOS, and CRP levels. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the necessity of constant monitoring of the dynamics of destructive processes of articular cartilage in children with JIA. We suggest that GAGs may be a useful biomarker to assess the clinical status of the extracellular matrix of joints.

Childhood depression and oxidative stress

BackgroundOxidative stress is a contributing factor in the etiopathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Pediatric studies regarding MDD-oxidative stress relationship are insufficient. In this study, we aimed to compare oxidative stress parameters of pediatric MDD patients with those of the control group and to examine factors affecting these parameters.ResultsTotal oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of 42 patients with MDD and 38 healthy controls were evaluated. Children depression inventory (CDI) was applied to all participants. In the MDD group, serum levels of TOS, OSI and MDA were higher, while TAS and SOD levels were lower (p < 0.001). When all participants were examined, oxidative stress increased as the CDI score increased, but in the MDD group, SOD increased as the CDI score increased. Increase in body mass index (BMI) percentile increased the oxidative stress in the MDD group. When factors affecting the presence of MDD were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis, a one-unit increase in SOD decreased depression by 0.190 times.ConclusionsThis study showed that oxidative stress increases in children and adolescents with MDD, and the increase in the severity of depression further increases oxidative stress, but when the depression becomes very severe, level of SOD increases compensatorily. It has been observed that high BMI in MDD patients creates an additional burden on oxidative stress. The role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of MDD in children and adolescents should be evaluated more comprehensively.

Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Markers Associated with Multiple Peripheral Artery Occlusions in Elderly Patients.

Background: Pro-oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses can influence each other in the development of atherosclerosis. This study evaluated the relationship between oxidative stress, inflammation, and multiple peripheral artery occlusions in elderly patients (age mean 71.2 ± 8.1years). Methods: A total of 723 participants were enrolled: 67 healthy subjects, 214 patients with common iliac artery occlusions, 224 patients with popliteal artery occlusions, and 218 patients with femoral artery occlusions. We measured oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde [MDA], F2-isoprostane [F2-isoP], total oxidant status [TOS], and ischemia-modified albumin [IMA]) and the expressions of molecules in mimecan (MIME)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/P53/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in older patients with multiple peripheral artery occlusions. Results: The levels of MDA, F2-isoP, TOS, IMA, MIME, NF-κB, P53, and TLR4 were increased in the single-site peripheral artery occlusive group when compared with healthy controls (P < .001) and were further increased in the multiple-site peripheral artery occlusive group compared with the single-site peripheral artery occlusive group (P < .001). Conclusion: Oxidative stress may promote inflammatory signaling pathways and lead to multiple peripheral artery occlusions in elderly patients.

Effect of taxifolin on acrylamide-induced oxidative and proinflammatory lung injury in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies

Purpose: To examine the probable beneficial effects of taxifolin against acrylamide damage in lung tissue.Methods: 18 male albino Wistar rats were divided into healthy (HG), acrylamide (AG) and taxifolin + acrylamide (TAG) groups. Once a day for 30 days, acrylamide was orally administered to the AG group (50 mg/kg), while ACL (50 mg/kg) and TAX (20 mg/kg) were orally administered to TAG group. Protein concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total glutathione (tGSH) levels as well as oxidant and antioxidant molecules concentrations of the rat lung tissues were measured. In addition, degree of mononuclear (MN) cell infiltration and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia was evaluated by the degree of hyperplasia (absent, mild, moderate, severe). The histopathological andbiochemical data the groups were compared.Results: When compared in terms of MDA levels, it was found that the AG group had high MDA levels, and the TAG group had low MDA levels. (p &lt; 0.001). TAG group was found to have a higher tGSH level than the AG group (p &lt; 0.001). Compared to the AG group, lower TOS and higher TAS levels were obtained in the TAG group (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, when TOS levels of TAG and HG groups were compared, the TOS levels between the two groups were statistically insignificant (p = 0.213). It has been observed that TAX administration prevents the increase in NF-ƘB level. When the NF-ƘB levels of the AG and TAG groups were compared with each other, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). In the AG group, severe MN cell hyperplasia and BALT hyperplasia were observed histopathologically. It was determined that these findings were alleviated in the TAG group. A histopathologically significant difference was found between AG and TAG groups (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Taxifolin has beneficial effects against lung injury caused by acrylamide, a healthdamaging environmental factor. Regular use of taxifolin can be recommended, especially in people who are known to have intense contact with acrylamide. There is a need for research studies on this subject.

Protective effect of Tulbaghia violacea extract on cardiac damage: deep circulatory arrest rat model

Objectives: Total circulatory arrest (TCA) technique is a method used in cardiac surgery accompanied by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It has been shown that Tulbaghia violacea extract increases antioxidant capacity, regulates blood pressure, decreases lipid peroxide, and reduces atherosclerosis. In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the effect of T. violacea extract administration on serum oxidative stress parameters (Total antioxidant status [TAS], total oxidant status [TOS] and oxidative stress index [OSI] and deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] damage level with 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]) and histopathological changes in the heart and other organs in rats with deep circulatory arrest model. Methods: In this study, 48 Wistar Albino adult rats, 24 female and 24 male, obtained from Harran University Experimental Animals Research Center were used. The average weight of female rats was 250-300 g, and the average weight of male rats was 450-500 g. These rats were randomly divided into four groups. 6 male and 6 female rats were used in each group (Group 1 = Sham, Group 2 = Injury, Group 3 = Treatment and Injury, Group 4 = Treatment). Results: As a result of this experimental study, the changes in the biochemical 8-OHdG, TOS, OSI and TAS levels of the groups were found to be statistically significant (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In the subgroup analyzes of the data, 8-OHdG level, which is an oxidative DNA damage marker in Group 2 was higher than the Group 1, Group 3 and Group 4 and there was a statistically significant difference (p &amp;lt; 0.001, p = 0.027 and p &amp;lt; 0.001; respectively). The TOS level of the injury group was higher than Group 1, Group 3 and Group 4 and there was a statistically significant difference (p &amp;lt; 0.001, p = 0.003 and p &amp;lt; 0.001; respectively). Conclusions: As a result of our study, we revealed that T. violacea extract has a protective effect on organ and tissue damage in the TCA model.

ASTAXANTHIN AMELIORATES DIABETIC NEUROPATHY VIA MODULATING THE INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN STZ INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is caused by hyperglycaemia which results in behavioral impairment, oxidative stress and inflammation. Objective: The present study investigates the ameliorative effect of astaxanthin (AX) in brain tissue via modulating the inflammatory cytokines in diabetic neuropathic mice. This study was conducted by inducing diabetes in mice using STZ (40mg/kg i.p). To study ameliorative effect of AX on levels of TAS, TOS, OSI and expression of KLFs in brain tissue were analysed. Later, morphological impairments in neurons were studied in frontal cortex and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and caspase-3 were analysed. Results: AX administration attenuated STZ induced alternation in behavioural impairment, normalized the levels of TOS, OSI, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and caspase-3 level and significantly (p&lt;0.001) increased the TAS. Conclusions: This study revealed that AX optimised the levels of TOS, OSI, TAS and reducing the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS and caspase-3 in Diabetic mice. These suggest that AX could have a beneficial effect by ameliorates diabetic neuropathy via modulating the inflammatory cytokines.

Assessment of Oxidative Stress Effects in Serum Determined by FT-IR Spectroscopy in Cholangiocarcinoma Patients

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous malignant tumor containing intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder carcinoma. Mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage with a &lt;5% cure chance. Early-stage diagnosis may increase the number of patients who reach curative treatment. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to detect chemical changes in serum collected from CCA patients vs. healthy individuals. The study aims to correlate the FTIR spectra with biochemical indices such as TAS, TOS, OSI, and total protein levels. Decreased TAS and increased TOS, OSI, and total protein levels in CCA patients vs. healthy individuals were found. FTIR spectra showed higher absorbance of the peaks corresponding to C–O and bending vibration of C–O–H groups in CCA patients, while more CH2 functional groups than lipids could be seen in the FTIR spectra of controls serum. PLS analysis showed IR ranges of 1500 cm-1 to 1700 cm-1, and 2700 cm-1 to 3000 cm-1 were able to distinguish between CCA from controls, respectively. PCA confirmed this, while HCA did not differentiate between CCA and those without the disease. Lipids and some functional groups changes caused by oxidative stress can be applied to predict CCA by using FTIR spectroscopy.