Assessment of Oxidative Stress Effects in Serum Determined by FT-IR Spectroscopy in Cholangiocarcinoma Patients

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous malignant tumor containing intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder carcinoma. Mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage with a <5% cure chance. Early-stage diagnosis may increase the number of patients who reach curative treatment. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to detect chemical changes in serum collected from CCA patients vs. healthy individuals. The study aims to correlate the FTIR spectra with biochemical indices such as TAS, TOS, OSI, and total protein levels. Decreased TAS and increased TOS, OSI, and total protein levels in CCA patients vs. healthy individuals were found. FTIR spectra showed higher absorbance of the peaks corresponding to C–O and bending vibration of C–O–H groups in CCA patients, while more CH2 functional groups than lipids could be seen in the FTIR spectra of controls serum. PLS analysis showed IR ranges of 1500 cm-1 to 1700 cm-1, and 2700 cm-1 to 3000 cm-1 were able to distinguish between CCA from controls, respectively. PCA confirmed this, while HCA did not differentiate between CCA and those without the disease. Lipids and some functional groups changes caused by oxidative stress can be applied to predict CCA by using FTIR spectroscopy.