Tons Of Manure Research Articles

Effect of organic fertilizers on spring wheat grain yield

The research is based on the study of the effect of solid organic fertilizers based on cattle manure of different storage life on the yield of spring wheat. The studies were carried out in 2017-2018 at RUSKOM-Agro LLC in Omsk Region. It was established that 3.1-7.2 kg of nitrogen, 2.1-7.2 kg of phosphorus and 2.1-3.5 kg of potassium are introduced from each ton of organic fertilizer. The most effective active dose is 60 t/ha (with a storage duration of 8 months) – the increase made 1.51 t/ha, with a yield in the control version – 2.04 t/ha. The best dose in the afterinfluence was 60 t/ha (with a storage duration of 10 months) – the increase made 1.24 t/ha, with a yield in the control version – 2.09 t/ha. The cost recovery of the applied fertilizer unit (1 ton of manure) was the highest using 40 t/ha per year in action and 20-60 t/ha in the afterinfluence with a storage duration of 12 months.

SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZATION OF AGROCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR GROWING TOMATOES

The maximum positive effect on the microbiological activity of chernozem typical low-humus heavy loam in the cultivation of tomatoes - the seventh culture of 9-field vegetable-fodder irrigated crop rotation has the aftereffect of organic fertilizers (14 tons of manure per hectare of crop rotation area) and the use of a complex of bacterial preparations with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria. The use of only mineral fertilizers causes deterioration of most microbiological parameters of the soil, except for the oligotrophic index. The transformation of organic matter in the soil is more intense in the variant with the introduction of the organic system of agriculture. The application of organic fertilizers and straw to the soil has a positive effect on the soil microbiocenosis and activates the process of transformation of organic matter. Under these conditions, due to the positive effect on the plant and, accordingly, ensuring the receipt of more organic matter (vegetative mass, root residues, straw), helps to increase the microbial transformation of organic compounds by 1.5 and 2.0 times compared to the option without fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system. In irrigated vegetable-fodder crop rotation green mature in combination with bacterial preparations and, in particular, the use of organic fertilizers contributes to the growth of microorganisms that grow on rich in organic matter and nutrients (eutrophs) - up to 34.0-41.5 vs. 19.9 million CFU / g of dry soil - for the mineral system of tomato fertilizer.

Effect of liming and fertilisation systems on the physico-chemical properties of leached chernozem (black soil)

Long-term agricultural use of chernozems (black soils) leads to a decline in their effective fertility. The depletion of the arable and subsoil horizons in calcium can occur under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The strongest anthropogenic impact on physico-chemical properties is caused by varying levels of fertilizer application. Average annual rate of pHkcl decrease on unfertilized variant was 0.008-0.01 units per year. At the same time in the grain-fallow crop rotation the decrease of pHkcl is more intensive than in the grain-grass crop rotation. Under the influence of mineral fertilizers the growth rate of acidity increased by 1.8-2.1 times. After 12 years after application of organic fertilizers the value of acidity increased by 0.13-0.15 units after carrying out the experiment with pHkcl in comparison with initial values. The application of dolomite flour contributed to the increase of pHkcl by 0.41-0.53 units as early as one year after application of the ameliorant, the maximum shift was observed on the 4th-5th years. The application of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed to the trend of increasing the content of available phosphorus in the soil, compared with the unfertilized variant in both crop rotations. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus increased in the variants where green manure crops were sown. The application of manure and mineral fertilizers had no significant effect on the content of potassium in the soil. When using organo-mineral fertilizer system, as well as its combination with crop-sideration, there was a tendency of some increase in potassium content in the arable layer. The minimum additional yield was obtained for all crops with the application of 8 tonnes of manure per hectare of crop rotation land, and the maximum was obtained with the organo-mineral fertilisation system and its combination with crop-sideration. Liming increased the productivity of all crops.

Natural reserves of diatomite are as a component of organomineral fertilizers based on chicken manure

In Russia 45156.3 tons of waste were generated from agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming according to statistics for 2020. 1200 tons of manure are formed per day in Tyumen region. The volume of accumulation of such manure is 432,000 tons per year. But at the same time, manure is a source of greenhouse gases, their amount can be: CO2 – 21.5 million м3, methane – 12.9 million м3 per year. Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, diatomite is widely used in many areas of agriculture. It can be used as an excellent adsorbent, fertilizer, food additive for animals and birds, an environmentally friendly contact insecticide for pest control of grain, fruit and ornamental plants. To restore the lost fertility (0.6% per year (2032.2 hectares), it is necessary to carry out soil protection measures, as well as to add mineral and organic fertilizers to the soil (11.7 million tons of organic fertilizers annually for 15 years). The availability of a large amount of mineral resources and bird manure makes it possible for researchers to develop the composition and technologies to create organomineral fertilizers.

Energy, water and food security through a waste-driven polygeneration system for sustainable dairy production

Ensuring secure and sustainable food production amidst growing demand requires developing high-yield sustainable food production systems, noting that conventional food production systems are large consumers of energy and water resources. Moreover, they induce substantial environmental impacts. In this context, this study considers dairy food production systems, and proposes a dairy waste driven polygeneration system that can increase the milk yield of the dairy food production system whilst reducing its environmental impact. The system utilises dairy manure, very low concentration methane, wastewater, and harsh environmental conditions in an integrated manner to fulfil the dairy farms' vital needs, including air-conditioning, electricity, and freshwater. In addition, the system also provides a solution concerning social perception related to wastewater reuse for potable purposes in the form of an integrated electrolyser and fuel-cell cycle. Unique to this study is the harnessing of the energy of the methane, which is in very low concentrations in the barns, and benefitting from the harsh environmental conditions in an integrated manner. Comprehensive thermodynamic investigations revealed that the system generates 2.17 MW of Electricity, 1152 m3 of freshwater daily, 6970 tons of cooling capacity, and 1.6 kg/day of H2. Besides, on a daily basis, the system consumes 864 tons of manure, recycles 732.5 m3 of wastewater, and utilises 87.62 tons of methane (resulting in savings of ∼711,750 tons of CO2 eq. annually). The calculated energy and exergy efficiencies of the polygeneration system are 50% and 4%, respectively. Moreover, in the design of polygeneration systems, the importance of the proper definition of the thermodynamic system's boundaries and the effects of technology choice for the same purpose is illustrated. Furthermore, the parametric investigations revealed that the system performs stable with variations in the inputs and ambient conditions. Also, unlike other systems, the system's performance improves in harsher environmental conditions. This study also illustrates that the food production systems can be developed for decentralised operations with near zero-waste outputs and near-zero emissions.

Optimalisasi Dosis Pupuk Tunggal dan Pupuk Kandang untuk Produksi Bawang Putih di Dataran Tinggi

The addition of nutrients for garlic plants consists of two type, namely the application of anorganic fertilizers in the form of single fertilizers N, P, K and organic fertilizers such as manure. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right dose of single fertilizer N, P, K and chicken manure. The experiment was arranged using a Randomized Block Design with 4 replications. The treatments consisted of 9 treatment combinations consisting of A = 100% single fertilizer + 15 tons of manure, B = 100% single fertilizer + 10 tons of manure, C = 100% single fertilizer + 5 tons of manure, D = 75% single fertilizer + 15 tons of manure, E = 75% single fertilizer + 10 tons of manure, F = 75% single fertilizer + 5 tons of manure, G = 50% single fertilizer + 15 tons of manure, H = 50% single fertilizer + 10 tons of manure, I = 50% single fertilizer + 5 tons of manure. The dose of 100% single fertilizer was SP36 375 kg.ha-1, ZA 1.144 kg.ha-1and KCl 200 kg.ha-1. The type of manure used is chicken manure. The results showed that doses of 75% and 100% of single fertilizer combined with 15 ton.ha-1 resulted in the wet and dry weight of the stover, the diameter and weight of the tubers, which were the same, respectively, the dry weight of the stover 32,57 grams and 39,40 grams, the dry weight of the stover. 17,43 grams and 17,63 grams, tuber diameter 33,09 and 33,13, tuber weight 14,07 grams and 14,30 grams. These results tend to be higher than other treatments. 75% single fertilizer and 15 ton.ha-1 chicken manure can be recommended for fertilization in garlic production.

Environmental problems of animal husbandry development

The article is devoted to the ecological problem of animal husbandry development. The special role of animal husbandry in environmental pollution has been noted in the article. Large livestock complexes and poultry farms under modern conditions are represented by manure, droppings and other emissions as the most harmful pollutants of the environment. More than 45 types of pollutants are released into the environment from livestock farms, complexes and poultry farms. Atmospheric air is polluted by microorganisms, dust, ammonia and other animal waste products, which often have unpleasant odors in the area of livestock farms, complexes and poultry farms. Especially from pig farms unpleasant odors can spread at a distance of up to 10 km. With the increase in water consumption for animal husbandry, the discharge of manure-containing wastewater into water bodies also increases, which leads to their contamination and loss of useful properties. In Russia the amount of wastewater from livestock farms ranges from 250 to 3000 tons per day or from 90 thousand tons up to 1 million tons per year. Every day about 200 tons of manure is accumulated on the cattle feed site, where 10 thousand heads of cattle are kept. An equal amount of environmental pollution can be produced only by the pig-breeding complex per 100 thousand heads or the complex of cattle for 35 thousand heads, in comparison with the volume produced by a large industrial center with a population of 400–500 thousand people. In order to improve the situation the authors have recommend the use of a number of methods of biological disposal of agricultural waste.

Вплив добрив і обробітку на якісний стан дерново-підзолистого ґрунту та продуктивність польових культур сівозміни в умовах Житомирського Полісся

Goal. To make a comparative assessment of the productivity of different variants of long-term application of the fertilizer system in 9-field crop rotation and cultivation of radioactively contaminated soddy podzolic soil concerning its agroecological condition and impact on the productivity of field crops. To develop the measures to minimize the content of 137Cs in crop products. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical-statistical. Results. The influence is studied of long-term systematic application of fertilizers in crop rotation, as well as variants of basic tillage of soddy podzolic soil on humus condition, its physicochemical and agrochemical properties. It is determined that long-term use of organic fertilizer system on the background of flat cultivation of soil (20–22 cm) provides the positive balance of humus reserves at the level of 9.8 t/ha. Planar tillage (20–22 cm) using organic and organomineral fertilizer systems helped to reduce the specific activity of 137Cs by 42.6–43.9% compared to fallow (296 Bq/kg). It is proved that field crops under the growth of the ability to accumulate 137Cs are placed in the following sequence: lupine (seeds) > corn (green mass) > winter wheat and spring barley. Conclusions. It is established that the organomineral fertilizer system (7.8 tons of manure + N57R63K75 per 1 ha of crop rotation area for one rotation of 9-field crop rotation) for plowing the soil to the depth of 20–22 cm for row crops and 18–20 cm for continuous sowing provides the highest yield of fodder units (4.6 t) per 1 ha of crop rotation area per rotation. Crop yields, excluding lupine grains, obtained during cultivation on radioactively contaminated soddy podzolic soil (

Potato nutrition management using manure fertilizer

The studies developed agrochemical regulatory parameters for the use of organic fertilizer based on litterless chicken manure for managing potato nutrition on meadow-chernozem soil in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The place of research was the experimental field and the department of agrochemistry and soil science of the FSBEI HE Omsk State Agrarian University in 2012-2014. The studied objects included potato plants of the Alaya Zarya variety and meadow-chernozem medium-thick medium-humus medium-loamy soil. Potatoes formed a yield of 22.9 t / ha without fertilizers and 26.0-33.2 t / ha with fertilizers. The use of 12 t / ha was the most effective because the yield increases in 10.3 tons or 45.0%, the payback of 1 ton of manurewas0.86 tons of tubers. 1 ton of litterless manure increases the concentration of N-NO3 by 2.06 mg/kg, P2O5 - 2.73 and K2O - 1.28. The authors established quantitative characteristics of the action intensity of 1 ton of manure on potato yields (1.14 t/ha) and proposed a formula of calculating doses for a planned increase in yield based on this study. They identified a normative indicator (coefficient b2) of the action intensity of 1 t/ha of manure on the nitrate-nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus and potassium. It allows to predict their accumulation in the soil and to determine the dose of fertilizers considering the optimal and actual content of the nutrient element in the soil.

Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical manure dewatering

The article provides an analysis of the performed experiments on mechanical dewatering of manure by a press and a centrifuge. It was determined that 2.5-3.5 tons of liquid can be removed from 10 tons of manure with 70% moisture. It is known that the mechanical method of removing moisture from manure saves a significant amount of thermal energy in comparison with the thermal method, which is moisture evaporation. However, along with water, nutrients dissolved in it, especially nitrogen, are removed from the manure. The subsequent use of nitrogen-depleted manure as fuel is beneficial because less nitrogen oxide is released into the atmosphere. Moreover, when coal is added to the manure, it is possible to intensify this process. Up to 44% of nitrogen, up to 41% of phosphorus and up to 35% of potassium pass into the liquid fraction. Such liquid can be used for foliar feeding of plants with a close arrangement of sowing crops. When using manure as a fertilizer, it is more expedient not to use mechanical dewatering, but to perform thermal drying with simultaneous disinfection from pathogenic microflora and weed seeds. To exclude formation of manure lumps with an outside crust and some droppings that didn’t undergo disinfection, it must be pre-mixed with dry droppings or sawdust.

Effect of fertilizing systems on changing the agrochemical properties of black soil typical under using tilled crops rotation by-products as an organic fertilizer during the crop rotation

In general, the average annual loss of humus was 1.96 t/ha, 1.14 t/ha and 0.24 t/ha, respectively, for zero, first and second fertilizer levels in crop rotation, while the increase for the third level made 0.44 t/ha. At the highest fertilizer rate, total nitrogen reserves in crop rotation increased by 0.89 t/ ha. The annual application of 12 tons of manure + N95P82K72 per hectare of arable land ensured a deficit-free balance of humus in crop rotations and a slight decrease of 2.3 % of ammonia nitrogen in the arable layer over five years, which did not exceed LSD0.05. With the highest fertilizer rate, the ammonia nitrogen content in the black soil typical for five years increased by 2.0 mg/kg in total in crop rotations. The fertilizer rate of 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 stabilized the mineral nitrogen content in the soil and the dose 159 of 16 t/ha of manure + N112P100K86 significantly increased the level in the crop rotation. Increase of available phosphorus content and potassium exchange in soil at the application of 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 was not significant and made 1.0 mg/kg. The highest fertilizer rate significantly increased the content of these nutrients in the typical black soil arable layer. Over five years, exchange acidity at zero, first, second and third fertilizer levels decreased by 0.11, 0.10, 0.16 and 0.22, respectively, with the total for crop rotation of LSD0.05 0.12. Soil hydrolytic acidity for crop rotation at zero and first fertilizer levels increased by 0.15, and at second and third fertilizer levels – by 0.20 and 0.28 mg – eq/100g, respectively. The degree of soil saturation with the bases decreased during the rotation period at fertilized and unfertilized plots, but significant decrease was observed only at application of 16 tons of manure + N112P100K86 per hectare of arable land. The content of calcium exchange cations in the soil only decreased significantly during the rotation period when the highest fertilizer rate was applied annually. No significant deviations were found in the content of magnesium exchange cations in the soil. The crop rotations at unfertilized plots, fertilized with 8 t/ha of manure + N76P64K57, 12 t/ha of manure + N95P82K72 and 16 t/ha of manure + N112P100K86 were 2.35, 3.61; 4.77 and 5.77 t/ha dry matter respectively, 3.21; 5.04; 6.64 and 8.00 t/ ha feed units, 0.296; 0.422; 0.560 and 0.691 t/ha digestible protein at LDS0.05, 0.38; 0.51 and 0.043 t/ha, respectively. Key words: fertilizers, crop rotation, soil, crop, agrochemical properties, rotation period, yield, productivity.

Assessing the benefits of composting poultry manure in reducing antimicrobial residues, pathogenic bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance genes: a field-scale study.

The poultry industry in the European Union produces 13 million tons of manure annually, which represents a major health and environmental challenge. Composting is an environmental-friendly technique for the management of manure, but there are few studies about antibiotic residues and antimicrobial resistances at a field scale. The goal of this study was to determine if the composting of poultry manure at a field scale would result in the reduction of antibiotic residues, pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the final fertilizer product. A 10-week composting of poultry manure spiked with enrofloxacin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin was performed. The determination of antibiotics residues and 22 selected ARGs was carried out together with the identification of bacteria by metagenomics. In the case of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, a 90% decrease was observed after composting for 3 weeks. Sixteen ARGs were detected at the beginning of the experiment; 12 of them decreased from week 0 to week 10 (reduction of 73.7-99.99%). The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as, Campylobacter coli or commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli decreases along the composting process. In conclusion, 10-week composting of poultry manure promotes the reduction of antibiotic residues and most of the ARGs and pathogenic bacteria.

Humus content for different use of sod-podzolic sandy soil and the amount of CO2 emissions lost

The results of studies of changes of humus content under different soil tillage systems and fertilization of sod-podzolic sandy loam during 4 rotations of grain-sowing crop rotation are presented in the paper and the amounts of CO 2 emission losses are established. Fertilizer systems have been found to have a greater impact on humus content than soil tillage systems. During the 36-year study period, humus loss on a background without fertilizer for plowing a year was 0.13 t / ha, while for fieldless cultivation - 0.11 t / ha. At application of 1 ha of crop rotation area 7.8 t of manure and N 57 P 63 K 70 kg of mineral fertilizers and systematic tillage with rotation of the slice accumulates 0.11 t / ha of humus annually, while for fieldless cultivation - 0.31 t /Ha. It is established that in Polissya zone in sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in rotation with one field of perennial legumes without fertilizer maintenance of deficient humus balance only by reducing the load during the main cultivation is impossible. It was found that during the systematic rotation of fertilizer application during the four rotations of the organo-mineral fertilizer system, grain yields increased on average from 36 to 62%, triticale in the spring by 2.5 times. Against the background of the fertilization system with the elements of biologicalisation (3.9 tonnes of manure + N8 + 1.2 tonnes of straw + 3.3 tonnes of siderata per 1 ha of crop rotation area), on the contrary, crop rotation yields declined mainly by 8-46%. Thus, higher yields from the organo-mineral fertilizer system, as compared to the control, led to more organic feedstock entering the soil for organic matter accumulation and carbon sequestration, which resulted in better humus formation and sequestration of organic carbon. At an average CO 2 emission intensity of 6.3 kg / ha / h. from the soil, during the day the amount of emissions is about 167 kg per 1 ha, and for the whole growing season about 20.1 t / ha of carbon dioxide. Thus, on turf-podzolic sandy loam soils during crop growing, unproductive CO 2 losses range from 2.1 to 4.2 kg / ha / h. Further studies on establishing the role of soil cultivation methods with modern tools in shaping the fertility of Polissya light soils and minimizing the unproductive emission losses of organic matter are promising.

Поживний режим чорнозему вилугуваного та продуктивність зернової ланки за тривалого удобрення сівозміни

Goal. To study the effect of legumes predecessors and doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the nutritive regime of leached chernozem in agrocenose of winter wheat as well as grain chain productivity at long-term (over 50 years) application of different systems of organomineral fertilizing in conventional and alternative crop rotations. Methods. Long-term field and analytical. Results. Changes were fixed of the nutrient status of leached chernozem in agrocenose of winter wheat and productivity of grain link at the long-term application of organic and mineral fertilizers in crop rotation, as well as at introduction of different doses of nitrogen fertilizers under winter wheat, and its further cultivation after different legumes predecessors. The data were got concerning the content of mobile forms of nutrients in leached chernozem and their impact on the productivity of grain link. It was established that the fund of mineral nitrogen in soil depended mainly on the doses of nitrogen fertilizers which were entered under winter wheat, as well as on the legumes predecessor. The reserves of mobile phosphorus and potassium in leached chernozem depended on the duration and background of organic and mineral fertilizers which were used in crop rotation. Conclusions. The best conditions of the nitric mode of leached chernozem in agrocenose of winter wheat were formed for its cultivation after clover with the use of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P60K60. Fund of mobile phosphorus in the soil in agrocenose of winter wheat was formed mainly due to long-term (over 50 years) application of organic and mineral fertilizers in crop rotation. An annual application of 64 kg pf phosphorus (N43P43K43 + 8,3 t of manure for 1 ha of the area of crop rotation) with fertilizers (for 1 ha of crop rotation) had formed a high level of availability of soil phosphorus in the range of 309–323 mg/kg. That exceeded the control without fertilizer on 133–138 mg/kg of soil. Such a fertilizing system stabilized in crop rotation the content of mobile potassium in the soil at the level of 102–123 mg/kg. That corresponded to the average level of benefit and exceeded the control without fertilizers on 29–43 mg/kg of soil. The highest productivity of the grain crop rotation was achieved at the use of clover as the predecessor and long-term (50 years) entering of N43P43K43 + 8,3 tons of manure (or by-products) per 1 ha of crop rotation: yield of fodder units — 8.02 t/ha, the yield of grain — 3,33 t/ha of the link of crop rotation.

Condition of humus in leached chernozem and aftereffect of fertilizers for their long-term use in crop rotation chains

Purpose. To investigate the humus condition and the effective fertility of leached black soil in the aftereffect of crop cultivation for more than 40 years applying organic and mineral fertilizers in grain crop rotation chains.Methods. Long-term field and analytical.Results. The results of studies on the effect of 40-year organic and mineral fertilizers application on the status of humus of leached black soil and the productivity of crops in cereal chains of crop rotations grown in the aftereffect of fertilizers. Under application of traditional and alternative organic-mineral fertilizer systems, the humus content in arable 0–30 cm and subsoil 30–40 cm soil layers were determined. Close links have been established between the status of the leached black soil humus, crop yields and the fertilizer application system.Conclusions. The highest intensity of humus formation processes in the leached soil was achieved during the 40-year fertilizer application (N43P43K43 + 8.3 tons of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation) in crop-changing rotation: humus content in the 0–30 cm layer of 3.52 %, 30–40 cm of 3.28 % with excess to control without fertilizers by 0.36 % and 0.22 %. In the grain-hoed crop rotation, the specified fertilizer system was accompanied by a decrease in the humus content in the arable layer by 0.07 %, and the subsurface one by 0.02 %. The decrease in the intensity of humus formation was observed with an alternative organic-mineral fertilizer system (N43P43K43 + by-products). Compared to traditional manure-based fertilization, a content of the humus in 0–30 cm layer was decreased by 0.10 %, in 30–40 cm by 0.02 % with its absolute content value, respectively 3.42 % and 3.26 %. In the crop-changing crop rotation, growing clover and spring barley in the aftereffect of organic and mineral fertilizers was accompanied by a significant increase in the yield of both crops by 14.7–16.0 and 0.82–1.04 t/ha, respectively, whereas in the grain-hoed crop rotation only by an increase in the yield of spring barley by 0.98–1.00 t/ha. Spring vetch in grain-hoed crop rotation did not respond to the aftereffects of fertilizers. The highest yields of clover and spring barley were obtained after the application of N43P43K43 + 8.3 tons of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation area and amounted to 33 and 3.45–3.56 t/ha, respectively.

Винос та баланс елементів живлення в зернових ланках сівозміни за різних систем удобрення

The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the use and balance of nutrients in cereal rotation chains under different fertilizer systems. Field, laboratory and analytical methods were used during the research. At the fertilizers dose of N 20 P 20 K 20 per 1 ha of cereal rotation chains, a sharp shortage of nutrients was formed: in the chain barley-clover-winter wheat intensity of nitrogen balance was 62%, phosphorus – 45%, potassium – 21%; barley-spring vetch-winter wheat – 46%, 55% and 26%, respectively. The formation of an environmentally sound balance of nutrients required in both rotation chains to increase the dose of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers – more than twice, potassium – in 3-4 times. On the fond of crop rotation fertilization N 43 P 43 K 43 + 8.3 tons of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation, these doses of mineral fertilizers in the cereal chains were determined to be ecologically balanced as those forming a positive balance of nitrogen and phosphorus with a slight deficit of potassium at the intensity of its balance of 77-95%. The high crop rotation fertilizer background offset the acute shortage of fertilizers in the cereal rotation chains. Ecologically stable by nitrogen and phosphorus it was defined alternate fond of crop rotation fertilization with application per 1 ha N 43 P 43 K 43 + by-products: intensity of nitrogen balance – 111%, phosphorus – 104%, potassium – 63%. Further studies on monitoring the balance of nutrients in crop rotations, taking into account different sources of their admission to the plants, features of fertilizer application and distribution, are the basis for the development of an environmentally balanced and efficient system of crops fertilization.

Changes in fertility of grey forest soil under systematic use of organic fertilizers in crop rotation

The results of researches of organic fertilizers (cattle manure, crop by-products) effect on the agrochemical indicators of grey forest soil have been gained. It was established that in the course of conducting a field experiment, a tendency towards stabilization of the soil solution in the arable soil layer to the level of 5.2, which corresponds to the gradation “weakly acid reaction of the soil solution”, was observed. Hydrolytic acidity for the application of organic fertilizers was at 1.80 mg-ek / 100 g soil. It was affirmed that applying of 30 and 60 tons of manure during the crop rotation cycle on the background of crop by-products resulted in the intensive accumulation of humus in the arable and subsurface layers of the soil 0–40 cm — up to 69.8 and 71.6 t / ha comparing to the control amount of — 48 7 t / ha, while the enrichment of humus with nitrogen stayed at the level of 12.3. Analysis of the humus distribution in the soil profile reveals descending pattern in the lower layers. The implantation of organic fertilizers facilitates the improvement of the nutrient mode of the grey forest soil and growth the amount of hydrolyzed nitrogen up to 15–22%, mobile phosphorus — to 30–57%, exchangeable potassium — to 21–51% comparing to the control (relatively 44.1; 150; 90.8 mg /kg), with no significant migration processes occured. The analysis of the research results shows that the content of hydrolysed nitrogen, both in the control and in the considered fertilizer variants at the end of the rotation, corresponded to an equally low level of supply, while the content of mobile phosphorus was high, with an increase of 34% after the effects of manure and direct action of the straw of the predecessor. A systematic introduction of the by-products of cultivated crops revealed a clear tendency to slightly increase (by 30–40 mg / kg of soil) the content of potassium, which compensates for its constant deficiency in the soil — on average, in the experiment its content varied within the range of 110–130 mg/kg .

Unlocking the Agricultural Potential of Manure in Agropastoral Systems: Traditional Beliefs Hindering Its Use in Southern Ethiopia

Manure is often considered a valuable resource for improving productivity in semi-arid tropics. This paper investigated agropastoralist knowledge of the use of manure and barriers that limit manure use in Borana, southern Ethiopia. The potential and actual amounts of manure available on-farm and its relative economic value were estimated. Yield response to manure application was also quantified. Data was gathered using on-farm surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, field observation and on-farm experiments. We found that an enormous amount of manure with substantial fertilizer value and economic benefit had accumulated over the years in studied households in Borana. Our analysis revealed that, on average, more than 74 tons of manure containing 667 kg nitrogen (N)–more than five times the current requirements–had accumulated per farm. This manure has an economic value, in terms of N supply, equivalent to ETB (Ethiopian Birr) 16452 (US$802). On-farm trials showed that a considerable scope exists for increasing the yields of these marginal lands by using manure. However, because of the traditional beliefs and associated practices, which have prevailed for centuries in the community, this valuable resource is left unused. Having identified the link between traditional beliefs and non-use of manure, the paper sets out possible areas for intervention.

Effect of Animal Manure Application Rates on Soil Moisture Conservation at, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

The Ethiopian economy is mainly agrarian. It employs 85% of the population and contributes 45% of the gross domestic product and 90% of the national export earnings but agriculture in Ethiopia is dominated by rainfed farming with low productivity specially dry land part of the country like Somali region. As a result, crops have severe moisture stress through their growth stages. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Somali region of sandy clay loam soil in the year 2012/13 to assess the effectiveness of different manure applications rate, enhancing soil moisture and thereby productivity. The experiment was arranged in a random complete block design RCBD with three replications; and three rates-of- manure applications 0 tons/ha, 3 tons/ha and 6 tons/ha having a total of nine treatments plot were tested. The analysis of variance for the results of the study indicated that the significant differences were observed in soil bulk density, porosity and available moisture content due to different levels of animal manure applications. Soil moisture content at different soil depths at an interval of 15 days also showed a significant difference due to animal manure. The maximum (35.67%) average soil moisture content was recorded due to 6 tons of manure as compared to the moisture content recorded from without manure (31.10%). Therefore, 6 tons of animal manure may be recommended to reduce the risk of moisture stress and to fetch a good yield in the study area. The application of manure results to high soil infiltration rate and it could be important approach for dry land farmers.

Respon Pola Tanam Jagung-Sorgum Terhadap Beberapa Paket Pemupukan Berbasis Mikoriza Indigenus Dan Bahan Organik Di Lahan Kering Lombok Utara

This study aims to determine the response of corn-sorghum cropping patterns on several environmentally friendly fertilization packages that can improve the quality of soil fertility streamline the use of inorganic fertilizers and improve crop yields on dry land. This research was conducted at Akar-Akar Village, Bayan District, North Lombok. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design, by testing five environmentally friendly fertilization packages on the corn-sorghum cropping pattern and repeated 4 times. The results showed that the response of maize-sorghum cropping patterns to the fertilizing package 60% lower than the recommended fertilizer dosage with the addition of 12 tons of manure per ha accompanied by mycorrhizal inoculation increasing soil fertility shown by increasing nutrient status of N, P, K and ingredients soil organic matter, increasing plant nutrient uptake (N, P, K and Ca), growth, crop yields and MA activity in the soil.