SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZATION OF AGROCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR GROWING TOMATOES

Abstract

The maximum positive effect on the microbiological activity of chernozem typical low-humus heavy loam in the cultivation of tomatoes - the seventh culture of 9-field vegetable-fodder irrigated crop rotation has the aftereffect of organic fertilizers (14 tons of manure per hectare of crop rotation area) and the use of a complex of bacterial preparations with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-mobilizing bacteria. The use of only mineral fertilizers causes deterioration of most microbiological parameters of the soil, except for the oligotrophic index. The transformation of organic matter in the soil is more intense in the variant with the introduction of the organic system of agriculture. The application of organic fertilizers and straw to the soil has a positive effect on the soil microbiocenosis and activates the process of transformation of organic matter. Under these conditions, due to the positive effect on the plant and, accordingly, ensuring the receipt of more organic matter (vegetative mass, root residues, straw), helps to increase the microbial transformation of organic compounds by 1.5 and 2.0 times compared to the option without fertilizers and mineral fertilizer system. In irrigated vegetable-fodder crop rotation green mature in combination with bacterial preparations and, in particular, the use of organic fertilizers contributes to the growth of microorganisms that grow on rich in organic matter and nutrients (eutrophs) - up to 34.0-41.5 vs. 19.9 million CFU / g of dry soil - for the mineral system of tomato fertilizer.