Винос та баланс елементів живлення в зернових ланках сівозміни за різних систем удобрення

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to study the peculiarities of the use and balance of nutrients in cereal rotation chains under different fertilizer systems. Field, laboratory and analytical methods were used during the research. At the fertilizers dose of N 20 P 20 K 20 per 1 ha of cereal rotation chains, a sharp shortage of nutrients was formed: in the chain barley-clover-winter wheat intensity of nitrogen balance was 62%, phosphorus – 45%, potassium – 21%; barley-spring vetch-winter wheat – 46%, 55% and 26%, respectively. The formation of an environmentally sound balance of nutrients required in both rotation chains to increase the dose of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers – more than twice, potassium – in 3-4 times. On the fond of crop rotation fertilization N 43 P 43 K 43 + 8.3 tons of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation, these doses of mineral fertilizers in the cereal chains were determined to be ecologically balanced as those forming a positive balance of nitrogen and phosphorus with a slight deficit of potassium at the intensity of its balance of 77-95%. The high crop rotation fertilizer background offset the acute shortage of fertilizers in the cereal rotation chains. Ecologically stable by nitrogen and phosphorus it was defined alternate fond of crop rotation fertilization with application per 1 ha N 43 P 43 K 43 + by-products: intensity of nitrogen balance – 111%, phosphorus – 104%, potassium – 63%. Further studies on monitoring the balance of nutrients in crop rotations, taking into account different sources of their admission to the plants, features of fertilizer application and distribution, are the basis for the development of an environmentally balanced and efficient system of crops fertilization.