Today's Social Problems Research Articles

Discourse on the Durkheimian Tradition in Political Sociology

This paper examines the understanding of Durkheimian tradition in political sociology. It explores different elements of Durkheimian analysis ranging from social solidarity, anomie, religious experience, and structure functionalism. Durkheim's theories have a significant influence on social scientific research, particularly in sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies. He has emphasized structural functionalism, morality, social cohesion, and religious influence on social institutions. He has given scholars a useful foundation for comprehending today's social problems and cultural practices. In this paper, we also explore criticism faced by Durkheim’s concepts by other researchers

The Effect of Different Leadership Styles on The Quality of Group Work

Under the leadership of today's social problems and pressure, the creativity of employees has become the most essential capital. To maximize member creativity, collaboration becomes the catalyst toward this goal. Today, group work has permeated different aspects of society. In order to come up with the best teamwork leadership style, a study of different leadership styles is inevitable. This work paper main focus on fgroup work efficiency was influenced by divers leadership style.. The plan to use a experience of Godzilla model building for proving the results of three leadership style. The result will directly determinate the most effective leadership and announce it to the whole society.

Оцінка ступеня психологічної та фізичної залежності в осіб підліткового та юнацького віку, що палять

Smoking remains one of the serious medical and social problems of today. According to the information center on the problems of alcohol, smoking and drugs in Ukraine, 19 million people aged 15 and older smoke cigarettes (34% of them smoke daily, 6% smoke occasionally), which is the highest indicator among European countries. Smokers develop addiction, which can be physical, psychological and social in nature. The purpose - to determine the prevalence of bad habits, the degree of physical and psychological dependence among teenagers and young adults. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, a survey was conducted using a specially developed questionnaire of 136 teenagers and young adults aged 15 to 24. To assess the degree of physical and psychological dependence, the Fageström test was conducted, the motivation to quit smoking, and the determination of the type of behavior of a smoker. Results of the study showed that this bad habit occurs both among teenagers and among respondents of young age. Among all respondents, 32.4±1.5% declared themselves to be daily smokers. Among the surveyed smokers, 17.6% of respondents had very weak nicotine addiction, 39.1% had low, 23.5% had moderate, 16.2% had high, and 3.6% had very high. When evaluating the types of smoker’s behavior, it was established that the leading type among respondents is “support” - found in 42.8%; the second place is occupied by the “relaxation” type - in 22.5%; in the third place in terms of frequency of detection is the type “playing with a cigarette”, detected in 20.5%. Respondents have average motivation to quit smoking - 52.1%, high motivation - 36.2% and low motivation - 11.7%. Conclusions. The conducted research showed that the problem of smoking among teenagers and young adults is relevant. The obtained results of the study indicate the need to develop individual programs for this contingent, regularly conduct motivational talks, as well as the simultaneous use of several different measures to combat tobacco smoking. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

THE STATE OF THE NITROGEN OXIDE SYSTEM AND SOME INDICATORS OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX DURING THE INTRODUCTION OF CARBACETAM TO RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL NEURODEGENERATION

One of the most important medical and social problems of today is the search fornew pathogenetic areas of drug prevention and treatment of neurodegenerativediseases of the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of these processes has notbeen definitively studied, at the same time a number of scientific works testify to thesignificant role of the imbalance of the prooxidant- antioxidant system provoked by thehyperproduction of nitric oxide. Recent studies have also demonstrated the effect of nitricoxide on inhibiting GABA-ergic synaptic transmission. In addition, abnormal expressionof neuronal NO synthase has been found to be an early marker of Alzheimer’s disease andrelated cognitive impairment.Objective – to study the effect of carbacetam on the performance of nitric oxide andantioxidant enzymes in the cerebral cortex of rats under conditions of scopolamineinduced neurodegeneration.Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on nonlinear laboratory whitemale rats with scopolamine- induced neurodegeneration. The studies were performedin compliance with the Council of Europe Convention on the Protection of VertebrateAnimals. Carbacetam was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg / kg (14 days).Antioxidant protection was assessed by the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The state of the NO system was determined by the content of stablemetabolites of nitric oxide – nitrite anions (NO2), and the activity of NO synthase.Results. In the group of rats with model pathology after 14 days of carbacetam therewas a tendency to decrease the content of NO2 and NO-synthase activity in the cerebralcortex in relation to untreated animals. At the same time, the activity of SOD and catalasedecreased in rats with neurodegeneration. After 14 days of carbacetam, catalase activityincreased and only a tendency to increase the activity of SOD was observed.Conclusion. Therefore, the obtained results allow judging the corrective effectof carbacetam on the nitric oxide system and the activation of antioxidant protection inthe cerebral cortex of rats with scopolamine- induced neurodegeneration.

Revitalisasi Kesejahteraan Sosial Bertetangga Perspektif KH. Muhammad Romzi Al-Amiri Mannan

Today social problems come back in the main spotlight in this country, especially during the pandemic hasn’t a meeting point. Since pandemic Covid-19, it has officially entered the motherland. Social problems are increasing, especially in economic problems. This leads to reduced welfare of people's lives and creates social inequalities, especially in smaller domains such as resilience. The results of this study revealed that there are three points conceptualized by Ajengan Romzi in fulfilling neighborly matters. First, there are consequences that are obtained when treating neighbors badly. Second, treating neighbors well will also reduce social problems among neighbors and can also eliminate gaps that occur. Third, a good form of interaction with neighbors, as well as how to deal with neighbors who treat us badly, should not only be applied not only with neighbors who are fellow Muslims but also neighbors who are non-Muslims.

A STUDY ON MULTICULTURALISM AND ADAPTATION PROBLEMS IN SOUTH KOREA

Multiculturalism, which is one of today's social problems, has become more prominent with the increase in the foreign population in the countries. South Korea, where the popularity is increasing day by day with the influence of the media, welcomes people from other countries for different purposes and long-stay plans. This situation has led to some adaptation problems in Korean society. In today's world, where various cultures can be seen together, the emergence of social problems has become a natural situation. Being able to adapt to the social structure that includes new cultures by changing over time may be important in terms of the social life quality of the local people. The same is true for individuals who leave their own country behind and start living in a new society. The individual who enters the new environment can lead a healthy life as long as he is accepted from this new environment and integrated into the society. Based on this information, such study has been put forward to draw attention to how a collective society like Korea adapts to the concept of multiculturalism and what problems the foreigners in the country have. Adaptation problems were discussed in the study. In addition, ideas about the solution of the problems were presented. Related articles and resources were examined. It was emphasized that the minorities in the society should be taken into account and treated fairly. In addition, it is of great importance to ensure communication in order to overcome the prejudices between the local community and the later arrivals. These problems can be overcome if the idea of being open to other cultures is instilled while bringing the cultural identity of Korea to the society. This both can be applied through the education system and the media. This study aims to answer questions for the polarizing societies in South Korea to understand each other better. The questions collected in two main factors were determined as follows; i. How can multiculturalism survive in South Korea? ii. What are the adaptation problems of multicultural individuals in South Korea?

Art Beyond the Anthropocene: A Philosophical Analysis of Selected Examples of Post-Anthropocentric Art in the Context of Ecological Change

Abstract In this article, the authors discuss selected examples of post-anthropocentric art, which—as they show—is associated with human sensitivity, care, empathy, and the capacity for compassion. Czakon and Michna present artistic creations that serve as examples of art that respond efficiently and quickly to the pressing problems of the contemporary world. This post-anthropocentric art, as they call it, critically reacts to major ecological and social problems of today. For this purpose, in the first and second part of the essay, they briefly characterize the basic differences between traditional, anthropocentric art and contemporary post-anthropocentric art, which has been broadly investigated in, among others, the framework of feminist philosophy and women’s studies. Czakon and Michna focus on such fundamental aesthetics concepts as fine arts and the canon thereof, aesthetic pleasure, and the artist of genius, as well as the categories of beauty and the sublime and the ideal of contemplative viewing of art. Then they present and describe selected examples of artworks that reveal their critical potential by contributing to ecological changes in the contemporary world.

(In)Justice of Environmental Protection

Environmental issues are among the most critical scientific and social problems of today. The human environment is an environment of inequality and crisis, and a platform for debate on the fairness of social order. The crisis is the result of human behaviour, which reflects the failure of development and unjust distribution of consequences. The gap between rich and poor on a global scale is evident in the disproportionate climate change impacts on countries and their ability to cope. In this respect, the economic and political inequalities between First and Third World countries are fortified by ecological ones. The development of international environmental mechanisms such as the Kyoto Agreement is instrumental in this kind of change. The pursuit of tackling and controlling climate change has its unforeseen consequences, whereas in specific communities the existent inequalities are emphasised in new forms. If mechanisms developed for the environment, such as the market of carbon emissions and the carbon balance, lead to environmental injustice and disproportionately affects vulnerable groups, it raises the question of their purpose. On the path of Rawl’s idea on the fairness of social institutions, such system demonstrates itself as contradictory and unjust.

«Честное бегство» современного героя: проблема эскапизма в подростковой литературе XXI века

We analyze the problem of escapism, briefly discuss its history and evolution, its attitude to the problem in different periods of history. Analysis of this problem is the main goal of this work. The subject of this research is the texts of authors writing for children and teenagers, created over the past decade. On the example of young adult fiction in recent years, the development of an escapist motive, a change in attitude towards it and possible causes of such a transformation are observed. The relevance of the study is that modern texts that have not yet been studied by modern literary studies are analyzed, and the problem of escapism is considered in accordance with the cultural and social trends of today. In the process, we use an integrated research method. The result of studying the problem of escapism can be called a review of modern young adult fiction, in which there is a motive for fleeing reality, as well as some observations and conclusions that may be useful in studying the cultural and social problems of today. We conclude that escapism in modern young adult fiction is a full-fledged motive and means of interacting with reality. The scope of the research results is the study of modern literary texts by philologists, literary critics, literature teachers, as well as students and schoolchildren who are interested in expanding and deepening literary knowledge.

АТАВИЗАМ, СЛОЕВИТОСТ И СУБВЕРЗИЈА: СФАЌАЊЕ НА ГОЛЕМИТЕ СОЦИЈАЛНИ ПРЕДИЗВИЦИ НА ДЕНЕШНИЦАТА НИЗ ПРИЗМАТА НА КУЛТУРНИТЕ КОНТИНГЕНТИ

Great social challenges of today no longer come one by one. What makes them great is their ever-greater entanglement in one other and across multiple levels, including landscapes, regimes and niches. To this background, a major challenge facing many countries today is how to successfully address issues of interlocking problems of unsustainability caused by cultural contingents. We argue that while the social problems of today have gone wicked, we still imagine them as if they were tame. Tame approaches to wicked problems, in turn, are likely to spawn “wicked solutions”, i.e. purported counteractions that are so conceptually unsuitable for the problem at hand that they can even overwhelm the wickedness of the wicked problem. This makes it so much more difficult to resolve. In this paper, we present three conspicuous examples in this dimension: cultural atavism, artificial layering and pathological subversion. We argue that acknowledging wicked solutions as different from wicked problems is a first step to mitigate the daunting effects that may arise when the two intertwine. (Less)

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY ON RESILIENCE AND ANGER CONTROL OF ADDICTS IN TEHRAN CITY

INTRODUCTION:One of the most important social problems of today's world, the problem of drug addiction and its growing influence among the younger generation. Although Iran has a long history of drug use and drug plants (such as opium and hashish originate) have been derived from plants native to Iran, According to the reports from institutions and international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the progress of societies, needs, attitudes and behavioral patterns of young people experiencing the transformation and pattern of drug abuse among all adolescents and young people all over the world, including Iran and its capital at Tehran quickly from the traditional to the industry is changing. (Khaledian and Mohammadifar, 2015). Addiction is one of the major public health problems in the community accompanied with many issues of different areas of life. Addiction not only affects the person's life but also many defects and sadness for the family and the community, and many times imposes on society. (Kianipour, Pourzad, 2012).Overall, this study seeks to answer the question:Is there a relationship between positive psychotherapy among addicts in city of Tehran on resiliency and anger?QUESTIONS AND RESEARCH HYPOTHESES:Research question:1. Is it positive psychotherapy is effective on resiliency addicts?2. Is it positive psychotherapy is effective on controlling anger addicts?Research hypotheses:1. Positive psychotherapy is effective on resiliency addicts.2. Positive psychotherapy is effective on controlling anger addicts.THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND LITERATURE:Literature:Nowadays drug is a major social problem and health in many countries around the world, including in Iran has become. (Ghanbari Zarandy, Mohamadkhani and Hasheminasab, 2016) In Iran, drug consumption causes side effects including behavioral problems, restlessness, impatience, paranoid ideation, depression, increased aggression, changing social behavior and social isolation of the consumer. (Khoramabadi, Asadi Farhadi, 2016) In Iran, drug abuse is in the increasing trend. The number of people suffering is increasing every day In Iran and according to statistics, more than two million dependent on drugs in Iran. In addition, 11 million people in the Iran with a substance abuse problem themselves or those around them have been facing. (Galilian, Mirzaei Alavijeh, Amuei, Motabegh, Hatamzadeh and Verdipour, 2013).Positive Psychotherapy: Infrastructure optimism rooted in the work of Seligman (2002) there. Optimism to enjoy the happiness of life interested, committed and pointed sense as well as positive emotions experience that are often better able to use the capabilities and adaptations to deal with life's problems is to create positive thinking said. (Fredrickson, 2009)A total of 14 psychotherapy sessions that the group tested positive on positive psychotherapy protocol adapted from Rashid (2008) learn.Resiliency: Resiliency Back to the capacity of the challenges of social, financial or emotional balance and the ability to re-apply for a re-adjustment in the face of grief, shock, adverse conditions and stress factors of life. Resilience and ability to balance a person's life, psychological and spiritual consider the precarious condition. (Connor Davidson, 2003)The purpose of the point resiliency is that score is based on the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (2003) questionnaire the gain people addicted.Control of anger: Anger is an emotional and psychological response in which an individual is unconscious pressures and frustrations of your withdrawal reactions, assault, rape, and violent behavior shows a vindictive. (Khorshidi, Keykhani and Moradi, 2010)The purpose of the point control of anger is that score is based on the Spielberger state -trait anger expression questionnaire (1999) the gain people addicted. …

Parking Demand Forecast Method of Big City and its Application

Parking is difficult in today's social problems faced by big cities. To solve this problem, a new parking facility planning and design was required and the parking demand forecast is a very important step in this process. The paper first discusses the necessity of parking demand forecast and the development process of parking demand forecast model, then a few parking demand forecasting model were compared and analyzed, final the motor vehicle OD method was selected to forecast parking demand according to the characteristics of the parking demand forecast and urban transport planning simultaneously. The results show that the precision of prediction results is acceptable.

Meninas no Crack: Vulnerabilidades ao Uso e Dependência

One of the major health and social problems of today, the crack addiction, besides has generates physical damage to users' health, violence and misery in the family, many problems for whole society. Whit this article aims to identify vulnerabilities that lead young women, specifically, to be addicted to this substance. For this finality, a qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interview, whit the technique of content analysis of information and with a sample of crack female users for convenience in healthcare institutions. It was possible whit this, the categorization of risk factors that may have influenced the drug abuse. Conclusions. It was observed the initial vulnerabilities of this specific group are presented from the difficulties and problems experienced first in the family, that once added to the lived experiences in different contexts and, specific situations mainly female, make some women more prone to the influence of external factors in the pursuit of pleasure and relief through the use of drugs than others. It was still possible verify that the onset crack use by female, is not starting only in adolescence, but has also started in adulthood.

Mining Region as Social Region.

The conception “mining region” underlines the dominance of mining activities in an area. Within the last years new research on the lower and upper Harz and the Vosges in Early Modern Time have highlightend mutual influences and reciprocal impacts in politics, economy, law, culture, religion and society as well as a process of aggregation of structures and conflicts. Different economic interests of mining and agrarian communities effected a new specific area, the social region. As the economic impact normally changes social impacts and outlast an economic period, analysing and understanding an economic region as a social region in respect to the historical character we may find concepts of managing economic and social problems of today.

At the Dawn of the 21st Century: A View-Thought The Red Window (The Critical Time of the World Civilization) An Installation Art Project

This study is to investigate the possibilities of developing a cross-culturally common conceptual visual language. In particular, this study evaluates whether it is possible to develop Collaborative New Art that will depict simultaneously both the Contemporary Art and the Modern Technological Civilization in which we live today. It is a general belief especially in the art community that contemporary art and modern art can enhance the distribution of diverse information, foster a profound universality in the human nature, and thus promote cross-cultural collaborations in all walks of lives. However, such a belief has also been questioned due to the overt differences of arts in structures, styles and philosophies perceived by different viewers. In this study, a set of contemporary arts will be evaluated. The comparative results will used to discuss four important issues: What are the salient sensations and reactions of the general public to the contemporary and modern artwork? To what extent the contemporary conceptual art could disclose the new trend of social value changes. Whether the contemporary art and modern art theory and practice would address and help to solve today's social problems within each society. Whether the contemporary art and modern art has a role in harmonizing people with different geopolitical backgrounds and value systems. Finally, several implications will be discussed on the linkage issue between verbal and nor-verbal expressions of thoughts and feelings.

Lifelong learning to reduce domestic violence

The purpose of this paper is to identify domestic violence as a social problem, provide background information concerning domestic violence, identify strategies related to adult education currently being used to address the problem of domestic violence and examine the philosophical underpinnings of the programmes. Domestic violence is not only a legal problem, but represents a substantial public health issue and is one of the most overlooked social problems of today. As a result of increased public awareness concerning domestic violence in the late 1980s, there have been many changes in laws and training. Educational programmes have been established for both offenders and public officials who may come in contact with the victims. These programmes range from those based on behaviourist philosophy to those on humanist philosophy and are offered by the courts, community agencies, health care providers and in the workplace. Programmes to reduce domestic violence and efforts of multiple social institutions illustrate the use of adult education as a catalyst for social change.

Chi-squares versus green eye shades: Psychology and the press

Psychologists' academic training leads us to be cautious in what we say and to distance ourselves from affectively loaded material. Yet, as journalists have long understood, it is “human interest” material that grabs a reader's attention. Given the magnitude of today's social problems, we must find ways to convey psychology's messages succinctly and powerfully. Examples are given of newspaper stories that illustrate social problems through the eloquent presentation of anecdotal material. Suggestions are provided for working effectively with the press to influence public opinion. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Inc.

What Safety Net for Children?

As our nation attempts to address the multiple health and social needs of children, it is obvious that the so-called safety net of services for children and families is currently not meeting their needs. Within the current dialogue over health care reform, the special needs of children and pregnant women must not be lost. This paper discusses basic components which should be included in any discussion of health care reform. Individualized personal involvement in the solution to the health and social problems of today's underserved children and families is crucial.

Reflections on Human Rights: An Eastern European Perspective

To create a state-theory that can answer the social problems of today, to break away from the theses that merely interpret the classics – as the sciences dealing with the economy managed to do during the past 15–20 years – is the main task of social sciences dealing with the theoretical issues of the state these days. If they fail to do so, their work will be forced to the periphery of the social movements, will not be able to assist the processes of society. It is my conviction that this is a vast responsibility of the social sciences in our age.

DE GAULLE'S CONCEPT OF A MOBILE, PROFESSIONAL ARMY: GENESIS OF FRENCH DEFEAT?

Abstract : In the 1930's, the military and political leaders of France rejected De Gaulle's plan for the creation of a professional army with a separate armored corps. As a result of her failure to accept the potential of a strong armored force manned by professional soldiers, France entered World War II with a non-professional, citizen-soldier army trained primarily as a defensive force. French reliance on the nation in arms concept, the citizen-soldier, and the strategy of defense-the Maginot Line complex-contributed significantly to quick defeat of the French army in 1940. The French experience, related here, may have particular relevance for us defense planners who are now coping with the military, political, and social problems of today's professional army.