Titanium Ions Research Articles

Simultaneous Adsorption of Intact Glycoproteins and Phosphoproteins Using Hydrophilic Titanium (IV) Ion-Immobilized Cotton Fiber Functionalized by Phytic Acid Assembly

Protein glycosylation and phosphorylation are two important post-translational modifications and play significant roles in various biological processes. However, both glycoproteins and phosphoproteins are in low abundance in complex samples, which hinders their characterization. In this work, we developed a novel method for the simultaneous adsorption of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins based on solid phase extraction. By virtue of the unique structure of hydrophilic titanium (IV) ion immobilized cotton fiber functionalized with phytic acid (denoted as Ti4+-PA-cotton), glycoproteins, and phosphoproteins could be efficiently enriched in one-step incubation and eluted in sequence. The newly prepared Ti4+-PA-cotton was well characterized, and the adsorption isotherms and kinetics were studied. The maximum adsorption capacities of Ti4+-PA-cotton for β-casein and HRP were 833.3 mg/g and 384.6 mg/g with the adsorption rate of 259.1 and 63.1 mg/g·min. Standard protein mixture of BSA, HRP, and β-casein was used to test the enrichment ability as a proof of concept. The SDS-PAGE results demonstrated that Ti4+-PA-cotton had an excellent enrichment performance and possessed an outstanding application potential in the analysis of glycoproteins and phosphoproteins.

IS METALLOSIS AN ISSUE IN INTERNAL LENGTHENING?

IntroductionThere is no doubt that the future of limb lengthening lies with internal lengthening. Complication rates are reduced and patient satisfaction is increased. The evolution of internal lengthening peaked with the dual direction, easily inserted and externally controlled PRECICE Nail. It has excelled in performance in accuracy and satisfaction. Its versatility increased with smaller sizes and increased excursion. A field safety notice was issued was issued in October 2021 by the parent company NuVasive. The advice was monitoring of current cases and a hold on implantation until after a review of process. At the National Orthopaedic Hospital Cappagh we elected to remove all implanted nails and assess the nail integrity and physiological changes associated with implantation.Materials & MethodsAll patients in who a retained Precice nail at the time of the field safety notice were identified. Patients and families were contacted to explain the issued safety notice from the company and explain that we would be scheduling them for nail removal. This was part of our standard care but we prioritised this group on our waiting list. Consent was obtained for nail removal but also for histological assessment of canal scrapings, blood ion level analysis and independent assessment of the retrieved nail by our academic collaborators at University College Dublin. Ion levels were then repeated at an interval post removal with consent.ResultsWe identified 7 Precice nails in 5 patients still implanted. All patients had consolidated after lengthening and were ready for nail removal. Elevated Titanium blood ion levels were identified at the time of retrieval. Histological abnormalities consistent with metalosis were identified. In all cases the nail was grossly intact and examination of the motor showed no evidence of wear or failure. Follow up ion levels obtained post retrieval showed persistent elevation.ConclusionsOur retrieval audit shows persistent elevation of Titanium ion levels and abnormal histology despite apparent nail integrity. These findings require further evaluation in a larger retrieval series to determine if there is a high incidence of this phenomenon and if ion levels have a clinical effect.

Dry reforming of methane using bimetallic Pt–Ni/Ti-SBA-15: Effect of Si/Ti ratio on catalytic activity and stability

A one-pot hydrothermal technique was used to make a series of Ti-incorporated mesoporous SBA-15 with varying Si/Ti ratios. The synthesized mesoporous materials were modified by introducing Ni (9%) as active metal and Pt (0.5%) as promoter using nickel nitrate and chloroplatinic acid, respectively, as metal precursors through incipient wetness impregnation method. All the catalysts and supports were characterized by X-ray diffraction, BET surface area, Fourier Transform–Infrared spectroscopy, UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, H2–temperature-programmed reduction, NH3–temperature-programmed desorption, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The catalysts were subjected to dry reforming of methane using CH4/CO2 (molar feed ratio of 1:1) with a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 36,000 mL. g−1. h−1 at a temperature range of 400–800 °C. The characterization results confirmed the incorporation of titanium ions in the SBA-15 matrix. However, Si/Ti loadings of 10 and 20 exhibited low extra-framework anatase phase titania levels, and high surface acidity. Among the subjected catalysts, Pt–Ni/Ti-SBA-15 (Si/Ti = 10) showed higher catalytic activity (CH4 = 84% and CO2 = 91%) with a H2/CO ratio of 3.6 after an 8 h reaction, and exhibited higher stability and coke tolerance than the bare catalysts and other modified Pt–Ni/Ti-SBA-15 catalysts. The characterization results of spent catalysts also confirmed low coke deposition on titanium-incorporated catalysts. The remarkable performance of the Pt–Ni/Ti-SBA-15 towards CH4 conversion and CO2 conversion may be related to strong metal–support interaction, presence of strong and weak acid sites, well-dispersed active metals and bi-metallic interaction.

Quantitative determination and antibacterial properties of TiO2 nanoparticle-doped glass ionomer cement: an in vitro study.

The aim of the present study is to determine the amount of titanium ions released into the artificial salivary medium by modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) doped with 3% and 5% (w/w) titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), and to evaluate their antibacterial properties. 120 cylindrical discs with a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 6 mm were made with 3% and 5% w/w modified GIC containing TiO2 NPs, divided into two groups of 60, and immersed in a chemically synthesized salivary medium. The samples were quantified over four-time periods: 24 hours, two months, four months, and six months, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), antibacterial properties were evaluated by means of colony forming count (CFU) method. The amount of titanium ions released from the discs that received 3%(w/w) TiO2 was highest in the first two months, with no significant release at successive intervals. Also, the second group, which included 5% (w/w) TiO2, saw a considerable ion release at every interval, with the second month seeing the maximum release. The levels in the 5% (w/w) group were consistently higher when the two concentrations were compared at each of the four time points, indicating a considerable increase in titanium release and antibacterial property with a concentration increase from 3% to 5%. 3% and 5% (w/w) concentrations may be considered safe and exhibit significant antimicrobial effect, titanium ions were discharged at higher rates in 5% (w/w) modified GIC containing TiO2-NPs than in 3% (w/w) modified GIC containing TiO2-NPs.

Corrosion Resistance and Titanium Ion Release of Hybrid Dental Implants.

One of the strategies for the fight against peri-implantitis is the fabrication of titanium dental implants with the part close to the neck without roughness. It is well known that roughness favors osseointegration but hinders the formation of biofilm. Implants with this type of structure are called hybrid dental implants, which sacrifice better coronal osseointegration for a smooth surface that hinders bacterial colonization. In this contribution, we have studied the corrosion resistance and the release of titanium ions to the medium of smooth (L), hybrid (H), and rough (R) dental implants. All implants were identical in design. Roughness was determined with an optical interferometer and residual stresses were determined for each surface by X-ray diffraction using the Bragg-Bentano technique. Corrosion studies were carried out with a Voltalab PGZ301 potentiostat, using Hank's solution as an electrolyte at a temperature of 37 °C. Open-circuit potentials (Eocp), corrosion potential (Ecorr), and current density (icorr) were determined. Implant surfaces were observed by JEOL 5410 scanning electron microscopy. Finally, for each of the different dental implants, the release of ions into Hank's solution at 37 °C at 1, 7, 14, and 30 days of immersion was determined by ICP-MS. The results, as expected, show a higher roughness of R with respect to L and compressive residual stresses of -201.2 MPa and -20.2 MPa, respectively. These differences in residual stresses create a potential difference in the H implant corresponding to Eocp of -186.4 mV higher than for the L and R of -200.9 and -192.2 mV, respectively. The corrosion potentials and current intensity are also higher for the H implants (-223 mV and 0.069 μA/mm2) with respect to the L (-280 mV and 0.014 μA/mm2 and R (-273 mV and 0.019 μA/mm2). Scanning electron microscopy revealed pitting in the interface zone of the H implants and no pitting in the L and R dental implants. The titanium ion release values to the medium are higher in the R implants due to their higher specific surface area compared to the H and L implants. The maximum values obtained are low, not exceeding 6 ppb in 30 days.

Longitudinal surveillance of serum titanium ion levels in patients with indigenous 3D printed total temporomandibular joint replacement

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to surveil the serum titanium ion levels at various time intervals in patients with indigenous 3D-printed total temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJ TJR). The study was conducted on 11 patients (male: 8; female: 3) who had undergone unilateral or bilateral TMJ TJR. Blood samples were drawn preoperatively (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2), and 1 year (T3) postoperatively. Data were analyzed and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean serum titanium ion levels at T0, T1, T2, and T3 was 9.34 ± 8.70 µg/L (mcg/L), 35.97 ± 20.27 mcg/L, 31.68 ± 17.03 mcg/L, and 47.91 ± 15.47 mcg/L respectively. The mean serum titanium ion levels increased significantly at T1 (p = 0.009), T2 (p = 0.032), and T3 (p = 0.00) interval. There was no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral groups. Serum titanium ion continued to show increased levels till the last follow-up of 1 year. These initial serum titanium ion levels increase is due to the initial wear phase of the prosthesis which manifests over 1 year. Further studies with large sample sizes and long-term follow-ups are required to see the deleterious effect if any on the TMJ TJR.

Assessment of Metal Ions Levels in Blood of Dental Implant Patients.

Dental implants use has significantly increased and the concentration of metal ions into blood may have detrimental effect of human body. The present study aimed to determine metal ions levels in blood of dental implants patients. 48 patients scheduled for dental implant surgery was assessed for measurement of titanium and aluminum pre-operatively and post-operatively at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. Out of 48 patients, males were 22 (45.8%), and females were 26 (54.2%). The mean ± SD titanium metal levels in blood pre-operatively was 2.34 ± 0.47 mg/dl, at 6 weeks was 2.35 ± 0.48 mg/dl, at 3 months was 2.37 ± 0.52 mg/dl, at 6 months was 2.37 ± 0.42 mg/dl, and at 1 year was 2.38 ± 0.51 mg/dl. A non-significant difference was seen (P > 0.05). The mean ± SD aluminum metal levels in blood pre-operatively was 4.4 ± 0.12 mg/dl, at 6 weeks was 4.45 ± 0.14 mg/dl, at 3 months was 4.7 ± 0.13 mg/dl, at 6 months was 4.7 ± 0.21 mg/dl, and at 1 year was 4.8 ± 0.17 mg/dl. A non-significant difference was seen (P > 0.05). A non- significant increase in titanium and aluminum ions level in blood of patients receiving dental implants was observed.

Oxidation behavior of the CVD-Al2O3 coatings on tungsten substrate at 1000 °C

In this paper, TiN/TiCN/Al2O3 coating, as a classic coating system for cemented carbide tools, was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on pure tungsten substrate for improved oxidation resistance. It is found that the oxidation weight gain per unit surface area of the coated sample is 7.45 mg/cm2 after 5 h oxidation at 1000 °C, significantly lower than that of 218.44 mg/cm2 in uncoated specimen. Due to the difference of thermal expansion coefficient, a network of microcracks were formed within the top Al2O3 layer during fabrication process. These microcracks provide a diffusion path for titanium ions and oxygen ions in the initial oxidation stage (0−1h), which produces TiO2 at cracking regions. As oxidation time prolongs (1–5 h), the oxidation of nitride layer beneath the microcracking region creates short-circuit oxygen diffusion paths towards the metal substrate. The generation of volcanic-like WO3 breaks the graded structure of CVD coating and expands the channel between oxygen and substrate. Nevertheless, the weight gain is still limited at this stage as the main area of Al2O3 coating is dense and protective. Finally, the oxidation kinetics accelerate at 5–10 h when coating failure occurs and severe breakaway oxidation appears in tungsten.

Enhanced Brønsted acid strength of HCl-promoted SO42−/TiO2 solid composite superacid: Synergetic effect of hydrogen chloride with induced titanium site

Development of the strategy to regulate the acidic properties of solid superacids had been attracting widespread attention in the acidic catalysis-related fields. In the present work, an HCl-promoted SO42−/TiO2 solid composite superacid was synthesized by incorporation of hydrogen chloride into sulfated titania (SO42−/TiO2). The Brønsted acid strength of HCl-promoted SO42−/TiO2 was significantly increased compared with that of SO42−/TiO2. Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction results of HCl-promoted SO42−/TiO2 showed an increase by 27% in reaction rate and decreased byproduct selectivity (1% versus 10% for HCl-promoted SO42−/TiO2 and SO42−/TiO2, respectively). Structural characterizations demonstrated that HCl had the synergetic effect with induced titanium ion of HCl-promoted SO42−/TiO2 to form a new type of Brønsted acidic site. The configuration of enhanced Brønsted acidic site verified by DFT calculations was more liable to release the proton than that of conventional Brønsted acidic site, consequently increasing the Brønsted acid strength of HCl-promoted SO42−/TiO2.

Effect of titanium substitution on magnetic and dielectric properties of BaFe12O19 ceramics prepared by solid-state and co-precipitation methods

Barium ferrite has been modified by addition of titanium ions according to the formula BaTixFe(12-x)O19, with values of x as 0.00, 0.07, 0.14, 0.42, and 0.70. Samples were synthesized via solid-state and co-precipitation methods and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as thermal analysis of dielectric constant and magnetization. The majority phase of barium ferrite with a hexagonal structure is observed in all samples, while the presence of Ti 2p was confirmed in the titanium-substituted samples. The saturation magnetization values for samples with x = 0.00, 0.07, and 0.14 are near the 50 emu/g. In contrast, samples with higher x values as 0.42 and 0.70 show significant magnetization loss with some low-temperature magnetic transition observed for x = 0.42. Dielectric characterization performed by thermal scanning of dielectric permittivity shows a substantial increase in the dielectric constant. It reveals the presence of a paraelectric-like transition at high temperatures induced by the addition of titanium.

Angular distribution of titanium ions and neutrals in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering discharges

The angular dependence of the deposition rates due to ions and neutrals in high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharges with a titanium target were determined experimentally using a magnetically shielded and charge-selective quartz crystal microbalance (or ionmeter). These rates have been established as a function of the argon working gas pressure, the peak discharge current density, and the pulse length. For all explored cases, the total deposition rate exhibits a heart-shaped profile and the ionized flux fraction peaks on the discharge axis normal to the cathode target surface. This heart-shaped pattern is found to be amplified at increasing current densities and reduced at increased working gas pressures. Furthermore, it is confirmed that a low working gas pressure is beneficial for achieving high deposition rates and high ionized flux fractions in HiPIMS operation.

Toxicity of titanium in dental implants- Implications on patient health and clinical practice

The use of titanium implants in dentistry has become increasingly popular due to their biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. However, the release of titanium ions from the implants has the potential to lead to local and systemic toxicity, which may cause implant failure or have negative consequences on the body. In this article, the causes of titanium toxicity are discussed, including implant design, surgical methods, and patient specific elements. It also looks at the possible health hazards of titanium poisoning, such as inflammation, allergic reaction and neurological issues.

Synthesis of Titanium Ion Sieves and Its Application for Lithium Recovery from Artificial Indonesian Geothermal Brine.

Synthesis of Titanium Ion Sieves and Its Application for Lithium Recovery from Artificial Indonesian Geothermal Brine.

Formation of High-Power Pulsed Titanium Ion Beams of Submillisecond Duration from Vacuum Arc Plasma

Formation of High-Power Pulsed Titanium Ion Beams of Submillisecond Duration from Vacuum Arc Plasma

Improved adhesion of cathodic arc PVD AlCrSiN coating on ion-implanted WC-Co substrates

Ion implantation has been shown to improve adhesion strength of AlCrSiN coatings due to a synergic enhancement on fracture toughness and load bearing capability of the substrate that can potentially increase the in-service efficiency of coated cutting tools. In this work, AlCrSiN coatings deposited by PVD on WC-Co substrates implanted with Ti, Cr and N ion species have been processed. The mechanical properties and adhesion have been characterized by contact techniques and the residual stress of the coatings and substrates have been evaluated using FIB-DIC technique and Vickers indentation tests, respectively. An improvement of adhesion strength is obtained for treated substrates, especially for those implanted with titanium and chromium ions. This improvement is attributed to the introduction of residual stresses in the substrate, which increases its fracture toughness and enhances its load bearing capability.

Electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance of Mo/Ti/Mn-based composite conversion films on AZ91D magnesium alloy

In this reported study, conductive composite conversion films on an AZ91D magnesium alloy were prepared by adding Ga3+ to a deposition solution that contained molybdenum, titanium and manganese ions. The Ga3+ significantly improved the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the resulting films. The electrical contact resistance (ECR) of the Molybdenum/Titanium/Manganese (MTM) film decreased from 0.436 Ω/in2 to 0.106 Ω/in2 at 200 psi when Ga3+ was added to form the Molybdenum-Titanium-Manganese-Gallium (MTMG) film. In addition, the polarization resistance of the Ga3+ amended film increased from 633.1 Ω·cm2 to 1930.835 Ω·cm2, MTMG showed obvious passivation behavior. The Ga3+ doping appeared to increase the carrier concentration and narrow the band gap of the semiconductor film. The N-type semiconductor carrier concentration increased from 2.11 × 1019 cm−3 to 7.052 × 1019 cm−3 in the MTMG film vs the MTM film. The P-type semiconductor carrier concentration in the MTMG film increased from 2.727 × 1018 cm−3 to 3.480 × 1019 cm−3 compared to the MTM film. The MTM band gap decreased from 2.916 eV to 2.714 eV in the MTMG film, which was attributed to the cross-doping of Ga3+ with transition metals in the MTMG material. The MTMG film had a three-layer structure, which preferentially formed a thin film on the β-phase and subsequently grew layer by layer.

Effect of bismuth and titanium ions on structural, optical and electrical properties of lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics

Effect of bismuth and titanium ions on structural, optical and electrical properties of lead-free K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics

The effectiveness of titanium ions toward crystal structure, microstructure and optical properties of La0.5Sr0.5Mn1-xTixO3 nanopowders

Titanium subrogated lanthanum strontium manganite LSMO (La0.5Sr0.5Mn1-xTixO3; Ti ratio = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) nanoparticles have been prepared based on an organic acid precursor pathway using glycine-nitrate as a fuel. The effectuation of Ti4+ ion concentration on the crystallo-aspects, microstructure as well as the optical features was scrutinized. Exemplary, orthorhombic perovskite LSMTO with a space group Pbnm were manifested at low annealing temperature 800 °C for period 2h. Further, insertion of Ti4+ ion instead of Mn4+ ion in LSMO commenced to increment the crystallite size from 14 to 24 nm. The FT-IR spectrum demonstrated that band around 600 cm−1 linked to Mn-O become broad imputed to Ti-O stretching modes. The morphology of all samples presented the spherical clusters with enhancing the grain size by incorporation of Ti4+ ion into the LSMO crystal. Band gap energy with boost of Ti4+ ion weight ratio was found to augment from 1.83 to 2.1 eV. Meanwhile, the refractive index was found to slightly minify from 2.78 to 2.66.

Improvement of the analytical characteristics for the determination of impurities in high temperature nickel alloys using inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)

The results of studying the effect of alcohol additives (ethanol and isopropanol) on the analytical signals of 15 elements in their determination by the method of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are presented. It is shown that these additives lead to more than two-fold increase of the analytical signals from As, Se, and Те. The study of their effect on the formation of oxide ions of the main alloying components revealed the suppression of the formation of interfering polyatomic ions of chromium and titanium, the signals of which superimposed on the signal from 82Se. Harmful impurities in a complex alloyed sample of nickel alloy were determined using alcohol additives and other methods of suppressing spectral interferences. It is shown that determination of less than 2 pg/g of selenium necessitates the addition of 2 vol. % of ethyl alcohol. The correctness of the obtained results was confirmed by a comparative analysis of data obtained for the same sample by high resolution mass spectrometry with a glow discharge.

Carbon nanotubes as a suitable material for electrochemical sensor used in voltammetric determinations of titanium

AbstractWe report the use of carbon nanotubes as a material for the preparation of an electrochemical sensor that acts as a substrate for film metal electrodes used in stripping voltammetry. The sensor is based on a mixture of multiwall carbon nanotubes, glassy carbon spherical powder, and epoxy resin. The properly selected composition of the sensor made it possible to obtain a new substrate, competitive in relation to glassy carbon, for creating film metal electrodes. In this work, the proposed new sensor was used to determine the trace amounts of Ti(IV) on the lead film electrode. Measurements were carried out with in situ mode in an acetate buffer by adsorption stripping voltammetry with the use of cupferron as a complexing agent. Linear response to Ti(IV) ions in the concentration range of 7 × 10–10–7 × 10–8 mol L−1 and the limit of detection (LODs) 2.4 × 10–10 were obtained, respectively. These promising results revealed that a mixture of carbon nanotubes, epoxy resin, and spherical glassy carbon powder used for the determination of titanium ions on PbFE might represent an important addition to existing electrochemical sensor technologies. The proposed procedure was successfully used as a new and powerful analytical tool for determination of Ti(IV) in horsetail extracts.