Tissue Lipid Profiles Research Articles

Serum and Tissue Lipid Profile in Albino Rats Administered Food Colors

Objectives : Lipids are the most important structural component of various biological membranes. Some studies showed different effects of food colors on lipid level. Some food colors were given to albino rats to observe the in vivo effect on liver tissues and serum lipids in experimental rats. Materials and Methods : Twenty-four albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. Three groups were administered with different doses of the food colors in low protein diet for 30 days. Control group received low protein diet and drinking water ad libitum . Lipid profile in serum and liver of the experimental animals was measured and compared with the control animals. Blood serum was also analysed for total protein and glucose content. Results : High dose of food colors caused significant increase of serum Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (p<0.01), more significant increase (p<0.001) of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol, while serum High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly decreased. There was also a significant increase in the level of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL in the liver tissue. Although all lipid parameters in serum except HDL elevated, the maximum increase was seen in total triglycerides and the lowest elevation was observed in LDL. The serological studies revealed a significant increase in serum glucose, whereas a significant decrease was recorded in the levels of serum protein. Conclusion : The administration of food colors in albino rats induced liver damage hence, changes incurred in the lipid metabolism.

Spices and herbs in broilers nutrition: hot red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and its mode of action

Spices, herbs and medicinal plants as a feed supplements present promising alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters due to their high content of bioactive substances. A large number of experiments have confirmed a wide range of activities of spices in poultry nutrition such as stimulation of feed intake, antimicrobial, antioxidative and coccidiostat stimulation, increase of body weight gain, lowering the mortality rate and improvement of the blood and tissue lipid profile. The present paper gives a review on the characteristics of hot red pepper and its mode of action in broilers nutrition.

Effects of long-term administration of aspartame on biochemical indices, lipid profile and redox status of cellular system of male rats.

Aspartame (N-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester) (ASP) is a synthetic sweetener used in foods and its safety remains controversial. The study was designed to investigate the effects of long-term administration of aspartame on redox status, lipid profile and biochemical indices in tissues of male Wistar rats. Rats were assigned into four groups and given distilled water (control), aspartame at doses of 15 mg/kg (ASP 1), 35 mg/kg (ASP 2) and 70 mg/kg (ASP 3) daily by oral gavage for consecutive 9 weeks. Administration of ASP 2 and ASP 3 significantly increased the weight of liver and brain, and relative weight of liver of rats. Lipid peroxidation products significantly increased in the kidney, liver and brain of rats at all doses of ASP with concomitant depletion of antioxidant parameters, viz. glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione. Furthermore, ASP 2 and ASP 3 significantly increased the levels of gamma glutamyl transferase by 70% and 85%; alanine aminotransferase by 66% and 117%; aspartate aminotransferase by 21% and 48%; urea by 72% and 58% and conjugated bilirubin by 63% and 64%, respectively. Also, ASP 2 and ASP 3 significantly increased the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the rats. Histological findings showed that ASP 2 and ASP 3 caused cyto-architectural changes such as degeneration, monocytes infiltration and necrotic lesions in brain, kidney and liver of rats. Aspartame may induce redox and lipid imbalance in rats via mechanism that involves oxidative stress and depletion of glutathione-dependent system.

Lipid profiles of adipose and muscle tissues in mouse models of juvenile onset of obesity without high fat diet induction: a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic study.

The current study aims to determine lipid profiles in terms of the content and structure of skeletal muscle and adipose tissues to better understand the characteristics of juvenile-onset spontaneous obesity without high fat diet induction. For the purposes of this study, muscle (longissimus, quadriceps) and adipose (inguinal, gonadal) tissues of 10-week-old male DBA/2J and Berlin fat mouse inbred (BFMI) lines (BFMI856, BFMI860, BFMI861) fed with a standard breeding diet were used. Biomolecular structure and composition was determined using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, and muscle triglyceride content was further quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). The results revealed a loss of unsaturation in BFMI860 and BFMI861 lines in both muscles and inguinal adipose tissue, together with a decrease in the hydrocarbon chain length of lipids, especially in the BFMI860 line in muscles, suggesting an increased lipid peroxidation. There was an increase in saturated lipid and triglyceride content in all tissues of BFMI lines, more profoundly in longissimus muscle, where the increased triglyceride content was quantitatively confirmed by HPLC-ELSD. Moreover, an increase in the metabolic turnover of carbohydrates in muscles of the BFMI860 line was observed. The results demonstrated that subcutaneous (inguinal) fat also displayed considerable obesity-induced alterations. Taken together, the results revealed differences in lipid structure and content of BFMI lines, which may originate from different insulin sensitivity levels of the lines, making them promising animal models for spontaneous obesity. The results will contribute to the understanding of the generation of insulin resistance in obesity without high fat diet induction.

Effects Of Exercise Training And Diet On Visceral And Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue In Overweight Adults

Studies have shown that elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intra-abdominal fat are important risk factors for obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (Fabbrini et al. 2009; Ross et al. 2000). It is the VAT many researchers considered an important biomarker of metabolic dysfunction that is linked to cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise plus American Heart Association Step-One (AHA-S1) diet intervention on VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) distribution, fasting insulin and lipid profiles, and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight adults. METHODS: Thirty-six untrained overweight men and women were recruited as study subjects. Study outcome measurements include body mass index (BMI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of VAT, SAT and total abdominal fat (TAF), VO2max, and fasting lipid and insulin (IN) concentration. Following randomized assignment to one of three groups, 1) exercise only (EX, n=12), 2) exercise plus AHA-S1 diet (ED, n=12), or 3) control group (CON, n=12), the ED performed a 45-min leg-cycling exercise at 70% of VO2max, 3 days/wk and consumed the AHA-S1 diet for 12 weeks while the EX performed the identical exercise routine 3 days/wk and consumed a preferred habitual-diet for the same time period. The non-exercise control (CON) group consumed a preferred habitual diet for 12 weeks. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: Results of repeated-measures ANCOVA showed significant reductions in weight (-4.8%), BMI (-4.6%), VAT (-18.5%), SAT (-10.4%), TAF (-12%) and fasting IN (-36.9%), and significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)(6.4%) and VO2max (11%) (all p<0.05) in the ED group. These changes were not observed in the CON and EX. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the combination of a 12-week aerobic exercise and AHA-S1 diet is effective for reduction of VAT, SAT, body weight, and improvement of fasting insulin concentration, HDL-C and VO2max in untrained overweight adults.

The Characteristics of Action Potentials in Primo-vessels and the Effects of Acetylcholine Injection

Purpose: To investigate anti-hyperlipidemic effects of ACE against poloxamer 407(P-407)-induced hyperlipidemia of C57/BL 6 mice model. Serum and hepatic tissue lipid profiles, hyperlipidemia related gene expressions and protein levels of the hepatic tissue were measured. Methods: C57BL/6micewere orally administratedwith distilled water, Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura(AR)50mg/kg or Curcuma longa Linne(CU) 50mg/kg, ACE(25 or 50 or 100mg/kg) or Lipitor(50mg/kg) for 13 weeks (n=10 or 11 per group). Mice were injected P-407(500mg/kg) two times in everyweeks. After 13 weeks, we measured serum lipid parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and hyperlipidemic gene and protein expressionswere evaluated in the heaptic tissues. Results: P-407 (500mg/kg) injection caused considerable increases of serum TC, TG and free fatty acid (FFA). The serum levels of total reactive oxygen species and hepatic tissue levels of lipidperoxidation were also increased by P-407. Treatment with ACE, however significantly normalized the above alterations. The fat accumulations were occured and accumulated in the hepatic tissue, whreas those alterations were improved by treatmentwithACEbymeasuringhistopathological inspection. Additionally, gene expression levels including SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, PPARandTNFin hepatic tissuewere altered by P-407 injected, while ACE group also significantly normalized them. Conclusion: Finally, it was concluded clearly that ACE showed antihyperlipidaemic effects in P-407-induced hyperlipidaemic mice. ACE is worked in the prevention of experimental hyperlipidemia. Contact: Hyo seon Kim, khs910707@hanmail.net

Gum arabic down-regulate PPAR-γ and SCD mRNA expression in mice

Abstract Introduction Gum arabic is a complex polysaccharide used in the food industry as a thickener and stabilizer. It reduced plasma cholesterol level in animals and humans, and it has prebiotic, anticarcinogenic and anti-oxidant effect with a protective role against hepatic and cardiac toxicities. Aim To study the impact of gum arabic on body weight, adipose tissue weight, lipid profiles and expression of some gene control lipid metabolism. Material and methods 20 female CD-1 mice at 5 weeks age were divided into two groups, one served as control and the second received 10% of gum arabic in drinking water for 6 weeks. Liver and visceral adipose tissue and serum were collected from all groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-c and LDL-c were assayed using kits, and the expression of lipid metabolic enzyme gene was detected by RT-PCR. Results and discussion The results showed that gum arabic significantly decreased body weight ( P P P P P Conclusions The results conclude that gum arabic can reduce body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight, and down-regulated PPAR-γ and SCD gene expression.

High dietary selenium intake alters tissue lipid and protein profiles and metabolisms of growing pigs

We previously demonstrated that high dietary Se intake induced mild hyperinsulinemia and up‐regulated lipogenesis and protein synthesis signaling. The present study was conducted to reveal impacts of the high Se intake on tissue lipid and protein profiles and metabolic regulations. A total of 12 weanling pigs were divided into 2 groups (n = 6/group), and fed a corn‐soybean meal basal diet supplemented with Se (as Se enriched yeast) at normal (0.3 mg/kg) or high (3.0 mg/kg) concentration for 11 wk. While the high Se diet elevated (P &lt; 0.05) total triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations in both liver and adipose tissues and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations in the liver, it showed little effect on any of these measures in the muscle. The high Se diet enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) myristic acid, margaric acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations, but decreased (P &lt; 0.05) arachidonic acid concentrations in the liver. Concentrations of total protein in the liver and muscle as well as of 3 amino acids (Asp GLu, and Ala) were elevated (P &lt; 0.05) by the high Se diet. Meanwhile, hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinaseactivity and total and phosphorylated AMP‐activated protein kinase were up‐regulated (P &lt; 0.05) by the high Se diet, although such effects were less in the muscle. In conclusion, high dietary Se intake seemed to exert differential impacts on the overall energy metabolism and biosynthesis of lipids and proteins in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of growing pigs. (NIH DK 53018).

Knockout of Gpx1 exerted differential impacts on responses of lipid‐metabolism related genes to high dietary Se intake between liver and adipose tissue

This study was conducted to explore molecular mechanisms for our previously-observed impacts of a moderately high Se (1.0 vs. 0.3 mg/kg as selenite) and (or) high fat (30 vs. 5% as lard) diets on the liver and adipose tissue lipid profiles of wild-type (WT) and Gpx1-/-male mice at 2 ages (young adult, 2-4 mo) and old (6-10 mo). The liver and adipose tissue samples were collected from the previous experiment (total = 80 mice, n = 5/diet by age and genotype) and assayed for responses of lipid metabolism-related genes. In the WT adipose tissue, the high Se diet down-regulated (P < 0.05) a number of genes involved in pathways of cell proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cell-cell interactions, but up-regulated (P < 0.05) 2 genes in the cell cycle pathway (Klhdc3 and Ccng1). In contrast, the impacts of the high Se diet on these genes in the WT liver were essentially opposite to those in the WT adipose tissue. While the Gpx1 knockout blocked all the impacts of the high Se diet on these genes in the liver, the Gpx1-/- adipose tissue showed responses to the high Se diet similar to those of the WT adipose tissue. While comparing responses of the WT tissues to the high Se and high fat diets might help reveal candidate genes responsible for the diabetogenic effects of the high Se intake, knockout of Gpx1 seemed to exert differential impacts on those responses between the liver and adipose tissue (NIH DK 53018).

Dietary Njavara rice bran oil reduces experimentally induced hypercholesterolaemia by regulating genes involved in lipid metabolism.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-atherogenic effect of Njavara rice bran oil (NjRBO) on atherosclerosis by modulating enzymes and genes involved in lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 100-120g) were divided into three groups of nine animals each. Group I served as the control, group II were fed a HCD and group III were fed a HCD and NjRBO (100mg/kg body weight). The study duration was 60d. Serum and tissue lipid profile, atherogenic index, enzymes of lipid metabolism, plasma C-reactive protein levels, serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, gene and protein expression of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), PPARα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), apoB and apoA1 in the liver were quantified. Total cholesterol, TAG, phospholipid, NEFA, LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the serum and liver, lipogenic enzyme activities, hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and atherogenic index were significantly increased in HCD-fed rats, but they decreased after treatment with NjRBO. HDL-cholesterol level and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity were increased in the NjRBO-treated group, but decreased in the HCD-fed group. The expression levels of ABCA1, apoA1, PON1 and PPARα were found to be significantly increased in NjRBO-treated group compared with the HCD-fed group; however, the expression level of apoB was found to be higher in HCD-fed group and lower in the NjRBO-treated group. These data suggest that NjRBO possesses an anti-atherogenic property by modulating lipid metabolism and up-regulating genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport and antioxidative defence mechanism through the induction of the gene expression PON1.

Short-term effects of ketogenic diet on anthropometric parameters, body fat distribution, and inflammatory cytokine production in GLUT1 deficiency syndrome

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-wk ketogenic diet (KD) on inflammatory status, adipose tissue activity biomarkers, and abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous fat (SAT) in children affected by glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome GLUT1 DS. MethodsWe carried out a short-term longitudinal study on 10 children (mean age: 8.4 y, range 3.3–12 y, 5 girls, 5 boys) to determine fasting serum proinflammatory cytokines (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α interleukin-6), adipocyte-derived chemokines (leptin and adiponectin), lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI), anthropometric measurements, and VAT and SAT (by ultrasonography). ResultsChildren showed no significant changes in inflammatory and adipose tissue activity biomarkers, blood glucose, lipid profile, anthropometric measurements, VAT, and SAT. Fasting insulin decreased (6 ± 3.2 μU/mL versus 3 ± 2 μU/mL; P = 0.001), and both HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes were significantly modified (1.2 ± 0.6 versus 0.6 ± 0.4; P = 0.002; 0.38 ± 0.03 versus 0.44 ± 0.05; P = 0.002, respectively). ConclusionsOnly HOMA-IR and QUICKI indexes changed after 12 wk on a KD, suggesting that over a short period of time KD does not affect inflammatory cytokines production and abdominal fat distribution despite being a high-fat diet. Long-term studies are needed to provide answers concerning adaptive metabolic changes during KD.

Evaluation of anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark on high fat diet-induced obese rats.

BackgroundThe prevalence and severity of obesity and associated co-morbidities are rapidly increasing across the world. Natural products-based drug intervention has been proposed as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity ailments. This study was designed to investigate the anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (TPEE) on high fat diet-induced obese rats.MethodsLC-MS/MS analysis was done for ethanolic extract of T. paniculata bark. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups of six each, normal diet fed (NC), high fat diet-fed (HFD), HFD+ orlistat (standard drug control) administered, and remaining three groups were fed with HFD + TPEE in different doses (100,150 and 200 mg/kg b. wt). For induction of obesity rats were initially fed with HFD for 9 weeks, then, (TPEE) was supplemented along with HFD for 42 days. Changes in body weight, body composition, blood glucose, insulin, tissue and serum lipid profiles, atherogenic index, liver markers, and expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as leptin, adiponectin, FAS, PPARgamma, AMPK-1alpha and SREBP-1c, were studied in experimental rats. Also, histopathological examination of adipose tissue was carried out.ResultsSupplementation of TPEE reduced significantly (P < 0.05) body weight, total fat, fat percentage, atherogenic index, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profiles and liver markers in HFD-fed groups, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as Leptin, FAS, PPARgamma, and SREBP-1c were down regulated while Adiponectin and AMPK-1alpha were up regulated in TPEE + HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, histopathological examination of adipose tissue revealed the alleviating effect of TPEE which is evident by reduced size of adipocytes.ConclusionsTogether, the biochemical, histological and molecular studies unambiguously demonstrate the potential anti adipogenic and anti obesity activities of TPEE promoting it as a formidable candidate to develop anti obesity drug.

A rapid LC–MS/MS method for quantitative profiling of fatty acids, sterols, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in grapes

The abundance of lipids in plants is influenced by genotype and phenotype. Despite being a very important class of plant metabolites, knowledge of grape lipids is still very limited to date, with the exception of those located in seeds. Few investigations of grape lipids have shown that their profile depends on grape maturity, the variety and their location in the berry. Recent advances in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry have paved the way for faster analysis of lipids with minimal sample preparation. Here we describe a validation method for the extraction, identification and quantification of different classes of grape lipids: fatty acids, sterols, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids using liquid chromatographic electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The method was validated for 33 lipids, with linearity range (R2=0.95–1.00), LOQ (0.003–14.88ngmL−1) and intraday and interday repeatability being evaluated for each lipid. The lipid profiling method developed was successfully applied to the analysis of 18 grape samples (10 red grape and 8 white grape varieties) from 4 different genetic groups: Vitis vinifera, Vitis non-vinifera, Muscat and hybrid; 33 lipids were identified and quantified. This method, which can be easily expanded to include further compounds and other plant tissues, is the starting point for analysis of the lipid profile in different grape tissues, an essential goal for better understanding the role of lipids in grape physiology.

Diosgenin reorganises hyperglycaemia and distorted tissue lipid profile in high-fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes is often connected with significant morbidity, mortality and also has a pivotal role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Diet intervention, particularly naturaceutical antioxidants have anti-diabetic potential and avert oxidative damage linked with diabetic pathogenesis. The present study investigated the effects of diosgenin, a saponin from fenugreek, on the changes in lipid profile in plasma, liver, heart and brain in high-fat diet-streptozotocin (HFD-STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diosgenin was administered to HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats by orally at 60 mg kg(-1) body weight for 30 days to assess its effects on body weight gain, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids in plasma, liver, heart and brain. The levels of body weight, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, VLDL-C and LDL-C were increased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas HDL-C level decreased in the HFD/STZ diabetic rats. Administration of diosgenin to HFD-STZ diabetic rats caused a decrease in body weight gain, blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and also it modulated lipid profile in plasma and tissues. The traditional plant fenugreek and its constituents mediate its anti-diabetic potential through mitigating hyperglycaemic status, altering insulin resistance by alleviating metabolic dysregulation of lipid profile in both plasma and tissues.

Identification of effective substrates for the direct analysis of lipids from cell lines using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

Various disease conditions, particularly tumours, can be understood easily by studying changes in the lipid profile of cells. While lipid profiles of tissues have been recorded by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (DESI-MS) imaging, there is paucity in standardized protocols for sample preparation involving cell cultures to generate reliable results. In this study, we report a method for the direct analysis of lipids from cultured cells by incorporating them onto Whatman 42 filter paper as a substrate for reliable DESI-MS analysis. The WERI-RB1 cell line was spotted on commonly used substrates for DESI-MS analysis, such as glass slides, Teflon coated glass slides, thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates, and Whatman 42 filter paper. A comparison of mass spectrometric images with two different lipids was made to understand the behaviour of different surfaces when the same sample was spotted on them. Relative intensities of different lipid peaks in the WERI-RB1 cell line were compared and relative lipid abundances were also compared across two different human retinoblastoma cell lines; WERI-RB1 and Y79. The study demonstrates that good lipid signals can be obtained by DESI-MS when the cells are spotted on Whatman 42 filter paper. Tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify the lipids as glycerophosphocholines (PC). Better lipid images from assembly of cells were obtained with distinct boundary when they were spotted on Whatman 42 filter paper than other surfaces. We demonstrate the use of a simple substrate for reliable DESI-MS analysis of cultured cells. This method has the potential to understand various interactions of cells with other external agents. The current method would help in the application of DESI-MS for biology in general and medical sciences in particular.

Effect of various protein sources in feed on the fatty acid composition of adipose depots in lambs

The effect of inclusion of different protein sources-sunflower meal, rapeseed meal and dry distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS) on the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous, intermuscular, omental and perirenal fat was studied in male lambs of Bulgarian Dairy Synthetic Population. The presence of sunflower meal in the diet of the lambs led to highest content (P<0.05) of C16:0 in the omental fat while C18:0 displayed lowest content in the perirenal fat of the lambs fed DDGS (P<0.05). The content of C16:1 in the intermuscular adipose tissue was significantly (P<0.05) affected by the dietary treatment. It was highest in the rapeseed meal fed lambs and lowest in the lambs that consumed DDGS. Significant influence of the diet on C18:1 was observed in subcutaneous and omental fat (P<0.05) as its content was highest in the group fed rapeseed meal and lowest in the DDGS group. The lambs fed DDGS containing diet showed significantly increased content of C18:2 and the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the subcutaneous (P<0.05), intermuscular and omental fat (P<0.01) as well as in the perirenal fat (P<0.001) and decresead content of the total saturated fatty acids in the omental and perirenal adipose tissue (P<0.05). Rapeseed meal led to substantially higher content of C18:3n-3 in the four depots when compared to the other two protein sources. These results could suggest that the inclusion of rapeseed meal and DDGS in the diet could be used to positively manipulate the lipid profile in lamb adipose tissues.

119 A SHORT PERICONCEPTIONAL MATERNAL HYPERGLYCEMIA IS SUFFICIENT TO DISRUPT THE FETO-PLACENTAL PHENOTYPE IN A RABBIT MODEL

Pre-gestational type 1-diabetes (T1D) increases the risk of miscarriage and congenital malformations and programs the offspring to develop metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Management of maternal diabetes is essential during gestation but could be also highly important around the time of conception. Using a rabbit model, the effects of maternal T1D during the periconceptional period on pre-implantation blastocysts have been well documented, but the effects on feto-placental phenotype at 28 dpc (term = 31 days) has not been explored. Diabetes was induced by Alloxan in dams 7 days before mating. Glycemia was maintained at 15 to 20 mmol L–1 with exogenous insulin injections. At 4 dpc, embryos were collected and transferred into nondiabetic recipients. At 28 dpc, control (C) and diabetic (D) fetuses were collected for biometric records, placental analyses including stereology and gene expression, and lipid profiles of feto-placental tissues by gas chromatography. Lipid data were analysed by principal component analysis. D-fetuses were growth retarded, hyperglycemic, and dyslipidemic compared with C fetuses. Moreover, placental efficiency was much higher in D- than in C-fetuses. The volume density of fetal vessels was significantly decreased in D-placentas compared to C-placentas, whereas the volume density of trophoblast tended to increase (P = 0.051). This morphometric disruption was associated with a deregulation of the expression of genes related to nutrient supply and lipid metabolism. In fetal plasma, a specific fatty acid signature was observed in D- and C-groups. Moreover, the composition of placental and fetal liver membranes differed according to maternal status and fetal sex. Tissues from D-fetuses contained significantly more n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared with C. Docosahexaenoic acid decreased whereas linoleic acid increased in the cardiac membranes of D-fetuses, indicating a higher risk of ischemia. This study demonstrates that exposure to high plasma glucose during the short periconceptional period is sufficient to adversely program fetal phenotype by reducing fetal growth, altering placental function and lipid profiles in all fetal tissues.

PO16 Lipid profiling of benign atypical and malignant breast cancer tissues in Indian females by 1H NMR spectroscopy: analyzing its utility as diagnostic aid in early malignancy detection

PO16 Lipid profiling of benign atypical and malignant breast cancer tissues in Indian females by 1H NMR spectroscopy: analyzing its utility as diagnostic aid in early malignancy detection

Abstract 4100: Nutrition and breast cancer prevention: adipose tissue proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) as biomarker of past dietary intake of lipids

Abstract The prospect of a primary prevention of breast cancer by nutrition implies that population at risk is individualized. Previous identification of a composite indicator of the nutritional part (modifiable) of the risk of breast cancer in breast white adipose tissue theoretically offers this perspective (1), but the need for a biopsy and tedious biochemical analyses hampers this approach. 1H-NMR of adipose tissue lipids represents an attractive, non invasive approach, which could circumvent these limitations. The aim of the study was to determine whether 1H-NMR spectroscopy of adipose tissue may provide information on the nature of the diet received. We carried out a dietary intervention in rats with different enriched oils under isocaloric conditions, and examined spectra of the lipid extract of their adipose tissue according to diet. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a basal diet containing 7% of a mixture of peanut and rapeseed oils enriched with 8% of an oil without (palm oil) or with DHA (DHASCO, containing 40% docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). This DHA group was subdivided into 3 groups with low (1%), moderate (3%) or high (8%) DHASCO content. A third group (control diet) had a diet containing 15% of the mixture of peanut and rapeseed oils. All five groups (n=6 per group) received 15% lipids. At the end of the experiment (6 months), rats were sacrificed and mammary pad adipose tissue used for analysis of the lipid extract. 1H-NMR analysis was carried out on a Bruker DRX500 spectrometer operating at 11.7 T. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The fatty acid profile of adipose tissue differed among dietary groups. For example, expressed as peak area %, mean values for DHA ranged from undetectable (&amp;lt; 0.1%, , control or palm groups) to 0.7, 1.9, 5.9 % in the 3 DHA groups. Total monounsaturates (mainly oleic acid) were at 52.1% in the control group, 56.1% in the palm group, and 54.7, 52.3 and 48.9 %, respectively, for the 3 DHA groups. Total saturates (mainly palmitic and stearic acids) were 16.9 and 24.1 % in the control and palm groups, and 24.7, 26.3 and 26 % for the 3 DHA groups. Total n-6 PUFA (mainly linoleic acid) were at 26.3 in the control, 13.9 in the palm groups, and 15.5, 14.6, 14.2 % in the 3 DHA groups. Partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis was carried out on 1H-NMR spectra of the lipid extracts from adipose tissue. The integrated spectral regions showed separation between rat groups suggesting a different NMR lipid profile according to dietary interventions. The 1H-NMR spectroscopy approach used here was effective for identification of the impact of dietary interventions targeting lipids, and in turn, it could be tested for the evaluation of the lipid profile of human adipose tissues in relation with dietary habits. 1 - Bougnoux et al,. Diet, cancer and the lipidome. Cancer Epidemiol, Biomarkers &amp; Prev 2006; 15(3):416-21. Citation Format: Lobna Ouldamer, Lydie Nadal-Desbarats, Stephan Chevalier, Caroline Goupille, Philippe Bougnoux. Nutrition and breast cancer prevention: adipose tissue proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) as biomarker of past dietary intake of lipids. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4100. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4100

Abstract 3496: Breast cancer and obesity impact the lipid composition of breast adipose tissue: a preliminary study using shotgun lipidomics

Abstract Obesity, an established risk factor for breast and other cancers, is associated with systemic inflammation and increased visceral adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a normal constituent of the breast; however, the role of breast adipose tissue in breast cancer development, especially in the context of obesity, has not been addressed before. There is no information on the lipid composition of different fat depots in the body, especially in the context of obesity, and even less among obese tumor hosts. The study of the lipid composition of breast adipose tissue in diet-induced obese (DIO) tumor-bearing and normal mice and its impact in breast cancer progression is novel and has not been previously examined. New profiling methods employing shotgun lipidomics, a technique employed in mass spectrometric analysis using the direct loading of crude lipid extracts into an electrospray ionization source for intrasource separation and identification of numerous lipids, allow for extensive cellular lipid profiles of different tissues being accrued with relative ease. We studied the lipidomic profiles of the breast adipose tissue in lean and DIO normal and tumor bearing mice. Lipidomics analyses were performed using an electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TSQ quantum Access Max) and class specific parent-ion or neutral loss scan in positive and negative ion mode with appropriate collision energy. The ratiometic quantification of lipids was done using class specific lipid standards. The phospholipid classes quantified were phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Our results for the PC class reveal an association between the total carbon chain of the lipids and the lipid concentrations based on four conditions: lean control, obese control, lean tumor bearers, and obese tumor bearers. The highest total carbon chain length is associated with the obese tumor condition. The next highest total carbon chain length is associated with lean tumor condition. This demonstrates that both the presence of the tumor as well as obesity play a role in contributing to a higher number of total carbons in the lipid chains. The other lipid classes analyzed express similar patterns from the data gathered when compared to the PC lipid class. Characterizing a particular lipid signature relevant to breast cancer and obesity may allow its targeting with therapeutic purposes. Citation Format: Osvaldo Perez, Michael Margolis, Ana M. Santander, Mitchell Martinez, Sanjoy Bhattacharya, Marta Torroella-Kouri. Breast cancer and obesity impact the lipid composition of breast adipose tissue: a preliminary study using shotgun lipidomics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3496. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3496