TiO3 Ceramics Research Articles

Enhanced energy storage performance in Pb-free Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics through a stepwise optimization strategy

This study employed a stepwise optimization strategy, including doping Sr(Ga0.5Nb0.5)O3 (SGN) into 0.65Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.35Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3 (NBT-SBT) ceramics to modify the composition and a further processing improvement. By introducing Ga3+ and Nb5+ ions with high ionic polarization rates into the B-site, the average polarization of the unit cell was maintained while further inducing local disordered fields and promoting polar nanoregions. The high activity of the polar nanoregions was confirmed using piezoelectric microscopy. The effective energy storage density (Wrec) of 2.73 J/cm³ was obtained when the SGN doping was 6.5 %. Subsequently, the densification of ceramics was improved through viscous polymer processing, thereby enhancing the breakdown strength (BDS). A combined approach of finite element simulation and experimental studies was further utilized to investigate the impact of grain size on the BDS. The stepwise optimization strategy enabled the NBT-SBT-6.5SGNVPP ceramics to achieve the Wrec of 5.2 J/cm3 and efficiency (η) of 85 % under 350 kV/cm. Additionally, the ceramics developed by this strategy possess excellent temperature and frequency stability and pulse discharge performance, making them potential candidates for practical applications.

Electric field response of ferroelectric domains near non-polar precipitates in BaTiO3-based ceramics

Precipitates have recently been found to significantly enhance the mechanical quality factor in piezoelectric ceramics. Such a piezoelectric hardening effect was attributed to strong interactions between ferroelectric domains and precipitates. In the present work, the response of domains to applied electric fields is observed in situ via transmission electron microscopy in aged (Ba, Ca)TiO3 ceramics with precipitates to reveal the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon. Ferroelectric domains in the Ba-rich matrix grain are observed to be more concentrated near non-polar Ca-rich precipitates. With increasing applied voltage, domains separate from precipitates merge together first, while those near precipitates persist to higher voltages. During ramping down, domains nucleate from precipitates. These direct observations confirm the strong interactions between ferroelectric domains and precipitates in piezoelectric ceramics.

Ni-Co Complex Ionic Synergistically Modifying Octahedron Lattice of Cordierite Ceramics for the Application of 5G Microwave-Millimeter-wave Antennas.

In this work, phase-pure Mg1.8(Ni1-xCox)0.2Al4Si5O18 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ceramics were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state method. On the basis of Rietveld refinement data of X-ray powder diffraction and Phillips-Vechten-Levine theory, the atomic ionicity, lattice energy, and bond energy of the compound were calculated to explore their influence on the microwave dielectric properties of ceramics. The Mg1.8Ni0.1Co0.1Al4Si5O18 (x = 0.5) ceramic exhibited the best microwave dielectric properties: εr = 4.44, Qf = 73 539 GHz@13 GHz, and τf = -23.9 ppm/°C. (Ni1-xCox)2+ complex ionic doping, compared with only Ni2+ or Co2+, is beneficial for improving the symmetry of [Si4Al2O18] hexagonal rings and reducing distortion. Subsequently, 8 wt % TiO2 was added to Mg1.8Ni0.1Co0.1Al4Si5O18, resulting in a near-zero τf and high Qf values for the composite ceramic, with εr = 5.22, Qf = 58 449 GHz@13 GHz, and τf = -2.06 ppm/°C. Finally, a 5G millimeter-wave antenna with a central operating frequency of 25.52 GHz was designed and fabricated using the Mg1.8Ni0.1Co0.1Al4Si5O18-8 wt % TiO2 ceramics. Operating in the 24.7-26.0 GHz range, it demonstrated favorable radiation characteristics with a simulated efficiency of 85.2% and a gain of 4.58 dBi. The antenna's performance confirms the high potential of the cordierite composite for application in 5G communication systems.

Significant Enhancement of Electrocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Polycrystalline Ceramics Through Grain Boundary Barrier Engineering

AbstractA key challenge currently for the new ferroelectric refrigeration with high efficiency and environmental friendliness lies in the urgent demand for ferroelectric materials with huge electrocaloric effects (ECE). Ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics with high ECE stand out as one of the most promising candidates for electrocaloric cooling applications. However, the grain boundary network, as a barrier for the cross‐transmission of charged carriers, widely exists in electrocaloric polycrystalline ceramics and is often neglected in favor of focusing more on composition regulation and structural design. Herein, a grain boundary barrier engineering is proposed that regulates the Schottky barrier at the grain boundary network in the Ba0.8Zr0.2TiO3 ceramics by a maneuverable annealing process and clarifies its critical role in enhancing the ECE of polycrystalline ceramics. As a result, a substantial enhancement of the EC performance (from 0.68 to 1.63 K at 50 °C and 80 kV cm−1, ≈2.4 times) has been achieved in the annealed Ba0.8Zr0.2TiO3 ceramics with a lower Schottky barrier. The microstructural and electrical characterization reveals that the lower Schottky barrier in the grain boundary network facilitates the domain switching and electronic transition, hence resulting in enhanced polarization response and EC performance.

Excellent energy storage properties and multi-scale regulation mechanism of Sr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3-(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics

With the rapid advancement of energy storage technologies, dielectric capacitor materials with the outstanding recoverable energy density and power density have garnered significant attention from researchers in the past decades. In this study, (1-x) (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3-xSr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction method, and the impact of composition on their structure, energy storage performance and stability were investigated. The results revealed that the introduction of Sr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 induced the ferroelectric-relaxor transformation of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics, leading to the destruction of the long-range ferroelectric order and the formation of polar nanoregions. In addition, the 0.7(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3–0.3Sr(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 ceramic exhibited the optimal comprehensive energy storage performance: its recoverable energy storage Wrec attained 8.19 J/cm3 at 650 kV/cm, while the energy storage efficiency η was 85.6 %. Meanwhile, it displayed exceptionally high power density (315.7 MW/cm3) and charge-discharge rate (t0.9 = 50.4 ns). Moreover, this ceramic demonstrated the impressive energy storage performance, in particular, good temperature stability across a wide range of temperatures (20–140 °C), frequency stability (1–200 Hz), and fatigue resistance (1–106 cycles). Finite element analysis showed an enhancement in the breakdown field strength of the ceramics was attributed to the reduction in grain size. First-principles calculations revealed that the band gap increased after adding Sr and Zr elements, and the interactions between the states of O 2p and Ti 3d, Zr 3d, Bi 6p may serve as the microscopic origin of electron energy level polarization and enhanced dielectric performance. Thus, the ceramics have great potential for the application in high-power pulsed electronic systems.

Anti-reduction mechanism of Ba4.2Sm9.2Ti18O54 ceramics by Mg2+/Ta5+ complex ion co-doping

In this work, a novel anti-reduction mechanism was put up by substituting (Mg1/3Ta2/3)4+ complex ion for Ti4+ ion in Ba4.2Sm9.2Ti18-x(Mg1/3Ta2/3)xO54 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics. The influence of (Mg1/3Ta2/3)4+ complex ion on the sintering behavior, crystal structure, anti-reduction mechanism and microwave dielectric properties of Ba4.2Sm9.2Ti18-x(Mg1/3Ta2/3)xO54 ceramics was investigated. The results indicated that Ba4.2Sm9.2Ti18-x(Mg1/3Ta2/3)xO54 ceramics maintained a typical single-phase tungsten bronze structure. After doping, the ceramic exhibited dense structure and typical columnar grains. Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis confirmed the reduction of oxygen vacancies and obtained a 7.86 % decrease of Ti3+ ions. Due to the anti-reduction of Ti4+ ions, Ba4.2Sm9.2Ti18-x(Mg1/3Ta2/3)xO54 ceramics possessed an improvement in microwave dielectric properties. In Ba4.2Sm9.2Ti18-x(Mg1/3Ta2/3)xO54 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics, the Ba4.2Sm9.2Ti17·95(Mg1/3Ta2/3)0.05O54 (x = 0.05) ceramic sintered at 1350 °C for 4 h showed the best integrated microwave dielectric properties with εr = 79.62, Qf = 10,450 GHz and τf = −10.66 ppm/°C.

Excellent energy storage performance with high breakdown strength in Nb2O5-modified (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-based ceramics

The development of lead-free dielectric capacitors with good energy storage performance and high reliability is of great practical significance for pulsed power systems. In this study, Nb2O5-modified 0.6(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.4(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3 (BNT-SBT-xNb, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.07) ceramics were designed to enhance their energy storage performance and prepared using a hydrothermal method. The results show that Nb doping into the B site of BNT-SBT can induce lattice expansion and promote polar nanoregions, resulting in improved dielectric relaxation behavior. Moreover, the introduction of Nb can lead to the refinement of grain size, the increase in resistivity, the reduction of oxygen vacancies, and the broadening of band gap, thereby significantly enhancing the electrical breakdown strength (Eb). Accordingly, the BNT-SBT-0.05Nb system presents excellent energy storage performance with high Wrec ∼6.26 J/cm3 and η ∼87.9 % under an large Eb of 518 kV/cm in accompany with the wide temperature stability (Wrec and η vary within ±6.8 % and ±3.2 % at 40–100 °C). The significant improvement of Eb and energy storage performance demonstrates that the BNT-SBT-0.05Nb system is a potential candidate for applications in high-energy storage capacitors.

Thermal Stability and Non-Linear Optical and Dielectric Properties of Lead-Free K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 Ceramics.

Lead-free K0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (KBT) ceramics with high density (~5.36 g/cm3, 90% of X-ray density) and compositional purity (up to 90%) were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method. Strongly condensed KBT ceramics revealed homogenous local microstructures. TG/DSC (Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry) techniques characterized the thermal and structural stability of KBT. High mass stability (>0.4%) has proven no KBT thermal decomposition or other phase precipitation up to 1000 °C except for the co-existing K2Ti6O13 impurity. A strong influence of crystallites size and sintering conditions on improved dielectric and non-linear optical properties was reported. A significant increase (more than twice) in dielectric permittivity (εR), substantial for potential applications, was found in the KBT-24h specimen with extensive milling time. Moreover, it was observed that the second harmonic generation (λSHG = 532 nm) was activated at remarkably low fundamental beam intensity. Finally, spectroscopic experiments (Fourier transform Raman and far-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)) were supported by DFT (Density functional theory) calculations with a 2 × 2 × 2 supercell (P42mc symmetry and C4v point group). Moreover, the energy band gap was calculated (Eg = 2.46 eV), and a strong hybridization of the O-2p and Ti-3d orbitals at Eg explained the nature of band-gap transition (Γ → Γ).

Investigation of the Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistivity of Nb-Doped Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 Ceramics

The demands of low-Curie-temperature (~−10 °C) positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors are increasing in advanced precision integrated circuits and other industries. In this paper, the Nb-doped Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3(BST)-based PTC resistivity materials are reported. The effects of the sintering process, especially the cooling rate on the PTC properties of the material, are investigated. The results indicate that the Ba0.55Sr0.45Ti0.9985Nb0.0015O3 composition of the prepared PTC ceramics demonstrates promising PTC characteristics. These include a Curie temperature as low as −13 °C, a high temperature coefficient of 0.296 at −3.4 °C, a large enough resistivity change of 3.1 over a narrow phase transition temperature range of approximately 38 °C, and moderate resistivity below the Curie temperature. Such properties suggest that the Ba0.55Sr0.45Ti0.9985Nb0.0015O3 ceramics are likely suitable for use in thermal management systems designed for low-temperature control.

(Sb0.5Li0.5)TiO3-Doping Effect and Sintering Condition Tailoring in BaTiO3-Based Ceramics.

(1-x)(Ba0.75Sr0.1Bi0.1)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O3-x(Sb0.5Li0.5)TiO3 (abbreviated as BSBiTZ-xSLT, x = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) ceramics were prepared via a conventional solid-state sintering method under different sintering temperatures. All BSBiTZ-xSLT ceramics have predominantly perovskite phase structures with the coexistence of tetragonal, rhombohedral and orthogonal phases, and present mainly spherical-like shaped grains relating to a liquid-phase sintering mechanism due to adding SLT and Bi2O3. By adjusting the sintering temperature, all compositions obtain the highest relative density and present densified micro-morphology, and doping SLT tends to promote the growth of grain size and the grain size distribution becomes nonuniform gradually. Due to the addition of heterovalent ions and SLT, typical relaxor ferroelectric characteristic is realized, dielectric performance stability is broadened to ~120 °C with variation less than 10%, and very long and slim hysteresis loops are obtained, which is especially beneficial for energy storage application. All samples show extremely fast discharge performance where the discharge time t0.9 (time for 90% discharge energy density) is less than 160 ns and the largest discharge current occurs at around 30 ns. The 1155 °C sintered BSBiTZ-0.025SLT ceramics exhibit rather large energy storage density, very high energy storage efficiency and excellent pulse charge-discharge performance, providing the possibility to develop novel BT-based dielectric ceramics for pulse energy storage applications.

(Ba0.55Sr0.45)1-xLaxTi1.01O3-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistivity Ceramics with Low Curie Temperature (~-15 °C).

Positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (PTCR) materials with low Curie temperature have been paid increasing attention lately. In this study, PTCR materials with a Curie temperature of approximately -15 °C were investigated by La3+ doping Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 ceramics. It could be expected to meet the requirements of thermal management systems for low-temperature control. In addition, a trace amount of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) was employed to improve the resistivity and the PTCR performance. A significant PTCR effect was achieved with a high resistivity jump of nearly four orders of magnitude, a high temperature coefficient of ~28.76%/°C, and a narrow transition temperature span of 22 °C in the (Ba0.55Sr0.45)0.99875La0.00125Ti1.01O3-0.0025Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics. The PTCR enhancement mechanism of BNT is discussed.

Enhanced energy-storage properties in (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics by doping linear perovskite materials Ca0.85Bi0.1(Sn0.5Ti0.5)O3

For energy storage applications in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT)-based materials, the key challenges are the premature polarization saturation and low breakdown electric field (Eb), which confine the energy storage capacity of BNT and significantly restrict progress in advancing pulsed power capacitors. Hence, the cooperative optimization strategy of band structure and defect engineering was proposed, which successfully obtained a high recoverable energy density of 3.83 J/cm3 and an energy efficiency of 77.9 % in the Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.12Ca0.85Bi0.1(Sn0.5Ti0.5)O3 (BNT-0.12CBST) ceramics. Doping the BNT matrix with CBST has been shown to not only reduce grain size but also enhance relaxor behavior, which collectively improves breakdown strength and delays polarization saturation. Furthermore, the x = 0.12 ceramic also exhibits a commendable discharge power density of 91.9 MW/cm3 and a transient discharge time of 40 ns. The higher resistivity and lower oxygen vacancy concentration are conductive to acquire superior breakdown electric field and energy storage performance. We determine the crystal structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the studied ceramics in a wide range of temperatures and concentrations, and a phase diagram is constructed, which illustrates the complex phases present and their transformation behavior. Our work provides an effective strategy to optimize the energy-storage of dielectric ceramics, and shows great potential for practical applications in pulse power systems.

Enhanced dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of lead-free (Ba,Ca)(Sn,Ti)O3 ceramics by optimisation of sintering temperature

Lead-zirconate-titanate [Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 PZT] crystals possess superior ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties. However, due to the toxicity of lead there is a demand for lead-free alternatives. In the present work, we focus on the production of the lead-free (Ba,Ca)(Sn,Ti)O3 (BCST) ceramics via solid-state synthesis method. BCST ceramics calcined at 1050°C, 1100°C, 1150°C, 1200°C and 1250°C were characterized using XRD analysis which showed that at temperatures above 1150°C the structure was free from impurities. Rietveld refinements confirmed a tetragonal structure with P4mm space group for the material calcined at 1150°C. Scanning electron microscopy image analysis of samples sintered at 1200°C, 1250°C and 1300°C showed an increase in grain size and density with temperature. The material sintered at 1300°C had a higher dielectric constant compared to other ceramics. A larger grain size facilitated high ferroelectric polarisation (3.38 μC/cm2), dielectric constant (6100) and d33 piezoelectric coefficient (236 pC/N) for the ceramics. This study demonstrates the potential for using lead-free BCST ceramics for device applications, such as piezoelectric actuators, transducers and ultrasonic motors.

Low-electric-field-induced high electrocaloric properties via defect regulation in samarium-doped BaTiO3 ceramics

A small electrocaloric effect (ECE) is usually observed in aliovalent doped ferroelectric ceramics since decreased polarization is usually present. In this work, the high ECE is achieved in a barium titanate [BaTiO3 (BT)]-based ceramic by introducing defect polarization to enhance the ferroelectric polarization and polarization change. The defect dipoles consisting of donor ion and barium vacancy, or barium and oxygen vacancies were formed in samarium-doped (Ba1−1.5xSmx)TiO3 ceramics. The phase and defect structures, and dielectric and ferroelectric properties are analyzed to confirm the evolution of charge compensation states and defect structures, and the influences of defects on polarization rotation and ECE. An enhanced ferroelectric polarization and high internal bias field are present in the ceramic with a suitable defect dipole effect, leading to a high polarization change before/after applying an electric field, causing an enhanced ECE. Finally, a high electrocaloric temperature change of ∼1.11 K and a large electrocaloric strength of ∼0.037 K·cm kV−1 were achieved under a low electric field of 30 kV/cm, indicating that forming suitable defect dipoles can optimize the ECE. This work provides a significant paradigm for tuning ECE in ferroelectric materials via defect regulation.

Exploring structural compatibility and energy storage performances enhancement in lead-free BNT dielectric ceramics with NBTP glass integration

An innovative approach was adopted to improve the energy storage and dielectric properties of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics by incorporating a glass additive. The chosen Na2O–Bi2O3–TiO2–P2O5 (NBTP) glass shares a similar atomic composition to minimize any alteration of the crystalline structure and the build-up of impurities. Simultaneously, we investigate the feasibility of offsetting Bi and Na losses during the synthesis process. XRD and Rietveld refinement analysis confirmed the formation of pure BNT phases with no secondary phases. Dielectric parameters were evaluated in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz, over a wide temperature range of 30 °C–270 °C, showing minimal variation in their values for the composites with lower glass content. Our findings indicate a notable reduction in grain size and the sintering temperature with improved relative density, leading to enhanced energy storage and efficiency in BNT-based ceramics. The composite with 2.5 wt% glass content shows the highest recovered energy of 154.9 mJ/cm3 with an energy efficiency of 88.64 %, making it particularly promising for advanced capacitor technology.

Effect of limited current on ultrarapid densification and giant dielectric properties of flash sintering (La, Ta) co-doped TiO2 ceramics

Effect of limited current on ultrarapid densification and giant dielectric properties of flash sintering (La, Ta) co-doped TiO2 ceramics

Characterization of dielectric and piezoelectric responses in 0.76(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3-0.18(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 ceramics synthesized by the solid-state method

In this research, the authors explore the structural, dielectric, electrical insulating, electromechanical, and piezoelectric characteristics of ceramics that have been modified using BaTiO3 and (K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3.as key components. Specifically, they explore the composition (1-x-y)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-xBaTiO3-y(K0.5 Bi0.5)TiO3, where x (mol.%) varies between 0, 6, and NBT, and y (mol.%) varies between 0, 18, and KBT. These ceramics were fabricated using a solid-state synthesis technique. The optimized calcination temperature for achieving a pure perovskite phase was determined to be 1000 °C for a duration of 4 h. The research involves a comprehensive analysis of the composition, microstructure, electrical insulating, and electromechanical characteristics of the ceramics. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data was employed to accurately ascertain the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) within this material. In this paper, we discuss the impact of crystallite size on the shifts in Raman band frequencies. Sintering at 1100 °C for 4 h was found to enhance densification, with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrating a nearly uniform distribution of compact grains. Electrical insulating assessments demonstrate that each of the ceramics displays a scattered phase transition around the temperature Tm, with a diffusivity ranging from 1.4 to 1.8, and a shift of Tm towards elevated temperatures. Exceptional piezoelectric properties were observed at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), including a d33 value of 149 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factors kp of 0.297. These findings are attributed to the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, as well as precise grain size control. This research presents a novel approach to enhancing lead-free ferroelectric materials based on the composition 0.76(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.06BaTiO3-0.18(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3.

Leveraging the strain transfer at the interface between self-composite CoFe2O4 embedded in pre-sintered Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics matrix for the enhancement of magnetoelectric voltage coefficient

Magnetoelectric particulate composite (100-x) NBT- xCFO(sc) (x = 5,15,25,35) were prepared from pre-sintered NBT and self-composite CFO(sc) by solid-state reaction route. XRD, SEM, and Raman studies confirm the biphasic composite formation without diffusion at the interfaces. Unsaturated ferroelectric loops and enhanced ferromagnetic properties are evidenced. ME coefficient value is enhanced to 25.1 mV cm−1 Oe in the N65SC35 composite which is the greatest among the reported values in the literature of NBT-CFO composites. The enhancement is due to the effective strain transfer at the interfaces of the composites. This is explained by a simple dimensionless quantity, degree of interface. This quantity is defined using the interface length of ferroelectric-ferromagnetic phases and the weighted average grain size which corroborates the enhancement of the ME coefficient.

Butyl rubber dispersed with low-loss Ca0.61Nd0.26TiO3 ceramics for miniaturized flexible microwave substrate applications

Ca0.61Nd0.26TiO3 (CNT)-filled butyl rubber (BR) composites were fabricated via Banbury mixing by changing the ceramic volume fraction from 0 to 0.5. The phase purity of the CNT filler was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, and the morphology of the composite samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. BR/CNT composites filled with 50 vol% filler possessed excellent dielectric properties with a dielectric constant of 11.12 and a very low dielectric loss of 0.0023 in the X-band (8–12 GHz) frequencies. Moreover, the material displayed an appreciable thermal conductivity of 0.883 W/mK, low water absorption of 0.0574 %, and an acceptable CTE of 37.08 ppm/ °C. Thus, the developed BR/CNT composites can be used for flexible microwave circuit applications that require miniaturization.

Titanium dioxide bioceramics prepared by 3D printing method and its structure effect on stem cell behavior

3D printing was widely used for the modification of bioceramic structures. Here, Bioactive titanium dioxide (TiO2) ceramics with macropore structures were prepared by controlling the pore size through 3D printing, and further obtained secondary micropores by altering the sintering temperature. The structures and in vitro bioactivity of materials were characterized, and the properties of the ceramics for osteogenic differentiation of rabbits bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were investigated. The results showed that titanium dioxide ceramics could induce apatite formation in SBF, which indicated it is bioactive. All materials exhibited porous structures, which could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs. Importantly, the structure with 200 μm pore size significantly promoted the proliferation and adhesion of cells. Furthermore, more secondary micropores formed on the surface of materials with the decreased sintering temperature, which promoted cell proliferation. The pore size of 400 μm significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, including Col I, ALP, Runx2, and OPN. It had the strongest osteogenic ability when sintered at 1100 °C compared to other groups. This implies that the 3D-printed TiO2 ceramics have good osteogenic properties, and the hierarchical structure consisting of macroscopic pores and secondary micropores can control it well.