Tilapia Fish Research Articles

Evaluating the persistence of malachite green residues in tilapia and pacu fish

Although banned in food-producing animals, residues of malachite green (MG) and its primary metabolite, leucomalachite green (LMG), have been found in fish due to illegal use in aquaculture and the release of industrial wastewater, which represent a serious risk to food and environmental securities. This study aimed to investigate the residue depletion profile of MG and LMG in edible tissues of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) cultured simultaneously under the same environmental conditions to support control measures in case of abuse. An analytical method involving QuEChERS sample preparation and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was developed, validated, and applied to quantify MG and LMG residues in fish fillets from two depletion experiments after treatment by immersion bath (MG at 0.10 mg L-1 for 60 min). During the experiment, the average water temperature was 30 ºC, while the pH was 6.9. The method is selective, precise (CV = 0.4 - 22%) and accurate (recovery 92 - 114%). The limits of detection and quantification are 0.15 and 0.5 ng g-1, respectively. In both species, the sum of MG and LMG residues were quantified up to the 32nd day post-exposure, and the concentrations were significantly higher in the pacu fillets (up to 3284 ng g-1) than in Nile tilapia (up to 432 ng g-1). The sums of MG and LMG residues were below 2 ng g-1 at 44 days and 342 days for Nile tilapia and pacu, respectively – the Minimum Required Performance Limit (MRPL) for analytical methods intended to monitor forbidden substances in food according to old European Commission guidelines. The persistence of MG residues in pacu may be attributed to its higher lipid content, which favors the accumulation of the non-polar metabolite LMG. These results provide insights into the concern about human, animal, and environmental health risks resulting from unauthorized use or aquatic contamination by industrial wastewater containing MG residues.

Empowering the community of Bokesan village through production of So Ikie (Nila-algae fish sausage)

Fish and algae (seaweed) are abundant commodities in Yogyakarta. The potential for high fiber sausages which have advantages needs to be socialized to the public. The aim of this activity is outreach including education and training for housewives in the hamlet of Bokesan, Sindumartani, Ngemplak, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This area already has local potential for tilapia cultivation. Housewives in Bokesan hamlet are members of the Mina Mandiri business group. The processed tilapia fish product that has been developed is tilapia fish chips or crispy tilapia. With the abundant availability of tilapia in the area, the So Ikie product (tilapia-algae fish sausage) will be developed. The Mina Mandiri business group needs insight into healthy food, So Ikie high fiber sausage products, So Ikie processing skills, packaging and labeling to increase Nutripreneurship empowerment. Nutripreneurship empowerment is carried out by providing education and training. The education provided includes material about healthy food, healthy lifestyles, and Nutripreneurship through diversification of tilapia-based preparations. The training provided is the practice of processing tilapia-algae fish sausage products as a diversification of tilapia-based products. The participants took part in community service activities with enthusiasm and enthusiasm. Empowerment of Nutripreneurship partners can be seen in increasing insight, skills, motivation and commitment to carrying out Nutripreneurship. This is demonstrated by the results of pre and posttest assessments, the quality of practical products, evaluation of activity implementation, and the implementation of follow-up programs independently by partners. The independent follow-up program implemented includes production activities resulting from training.

PREVALENCE OF ECTOPARASITES OF FRY TILAPIA (COPTODON ZILLII) FISHES FROM EUPHRATES RIVER, IRAQ

Ectoparasitic infection represents one of the main challenges to freshwater and marine fish in all areas of the world. This study detected ectoparasite types in Fry Redbelly Tilapia Fishes. The specimens (250) were purchased from a market with a source of fish from the Euphrates River. Fishes were collected from December 2022 until the end of April 2023. The samples were used for macroscopic inspection, gross viscera, and microscopic exam - wet mount of fins, skin, gills and eyes. Ectoparasite species were obtained on fins, skin, and gills, and the eyes had no infection. The total prevalence was 140 (56%) of 250 fish. Significant fish types with weight and length are at (P ≤ 0.05) and (P ≤0.01), respectively. The mean and standard deviation according to weight were 71.4 and 14.7, while according to length, they were 15.6 and 1.9. Non-significant for genders in both types at (P ≥ 0.05). The host Coptodon zillii is infested by four types of ectoparasites were included, with prevalence for each one being Ichthyophthirius sp., 80/250 (32%); Trichodina sp., 30/140 (12%); Dactylogyrus sp., 20/250 (8%); Gyrodactylus sp.10/250 (4%). In conclusion, all parasites, namely single-host types. Management measures should be taken to save the procurement and import from reputable global markets.

A Portable Electrochemical Dopamine Detector Using a Fish Scale-Derived Graphitized Carbon-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode.

In this paper, a highly conductive alkali-activated graphitized carbon (a-GC) was prepared using tilapia fish scales as precursors through enzymolysis, activation and pyrolytic carbonization methods. The prepared a-GC was modified on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode to construct a flexible portable electrochemical sensing platform, which was applied to the differential pulse voltametric detection of dopamine (DA) using a U-disk electrochemical workstation combined with a smart phone and Bluetooth. The prepared a-GC possesses good electrical conductivity, a large specific surface area and abundant active sites, which are beneficial for the electrooxidation of DA molecules and result in excellent sensitivity and high selectivity for DA analysis. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current of DA increased gradually, with its concentrations in the range from 1.0 μmol/L to 1000.0 μmol/L, with the detection limit as low as 0.25 μmol/L (3S/N). The proposed sensor was further applied to the determination of DA in human sweat samples, with satisfactory results, which provided an opportunity for developing noninvasive early diagnosis and nursing equipment.

Gill morphometrics of freshwater Tilapia zillii as an indicator of fish welfare

Tilapia zillii was used to examine the effect of environment on gill morphometric therefore to discover the probability of using gill morphometrics to measure welfare in wild fish. Thirty mature Tilapia zillii was collected from Lagoon of Ain-Ziyana in eastern of Benghazi city and the sizes of their gills were estimated. The gill respiratory surface area of Tilapia zillii reached from 851.31 mm² to 1929.32 mm² ̸ g of body weight. The connection among gill respiratory surface area and fish body weight was found to be highly significant (P= 0.001). The gill respiratory surface area of Tilapia zillii rise as the fish grows this may be since the gill filaments number, the secondary lamellae number and the surface area of secondary lamellae increases. Great gill surface area might support survival of Tilapia fish in oxygen-stressed. This recommends that the measure developed here could be possibly used as an guide of welfare in wild fish.

Delineation of trace metal level in fish feed and farmed fish, Tilapia (Oreochromis mossumbicus) and their consequences on human health

The purpose of this research was to determine the possible health risks by identifying the trace metal content of feed and cultured tilapia fish in the Noakhali fish farms and Laxmipur/Central Coast district of Bangladesh. Commercial fish feed samples were collected from twelve randomly selected aquaculture farms on the central coast of Bangladesh. Trace metals, lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) concentrations in the edible muscle of tilapia fish and feeds were monitored by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Lead (9.37 ± 3.54 mg/kg) and Mn (7.94 ± 4.15 mg/kg) concentrations in tilapia were four and eight times higher than the WHO maximum levels. In feed samples, Sujola (SF) had the highest metal pollution index (MPI) value, and Rupshi Quality (RF) had the lowest. However, Tang Way and popular Surma fishes were similar in metal pollution index in fish feed. Trace metal daily intake values were lower than the maximum acceptable daily intakes, demonstrating low risk in this study. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks of consuming farm-cultured fish due to trace metals were relatively low and have less potential hazards to human health. This study will provide a baseline for monitoring trace metals in different edible aquatic organisms and recommends further investigation in different natural ecosystems and policy making.

A sustainable strategy for generating highly stable human skin equivalents based on fish collagen

Tissue engineered skin equivalents are increasingly recognized as potential alternatives to traditional skin models such as human ex vivo skin or animal skin models. However, most of the currently investigated human skin equivalents (HSEs) are constructed using mammalian collagen which can be expensive and difficult to extract. Fish skin is a waste product produced by fish processing industries and identified as a cost-efficient and sustainable source of type I collagen. In this work, we describe a method for generating highly stable HSEs based on fibrin fortified tilapia fish collagen. The fortified fish collagen (FFC) formulation is optimized to enable reproducible fabrication of full-thickness HSEs that undergo limited contraction, facilitating the incorporation of human donor-derived skin cells and formation of biomimetic dermal and epidermal layers. The morphology and barrier function of the FFC HSEs are compared with a commercial skin model and validated with immunohistochemical staining and transepithelial electrical resistance testing. Finally, the potential of a high throughput screening platform with FFC HSE is explored by scaling down its fabrication to 96-well format.

Implementasi Sistem IoT Pada Akuakultur Dan Hydroponik (Akuaponik) Modern Untuk Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila

In modern times, there are many types of agricultural and fish farming systems, one of which is the modern aquaculture system which has been recognized as an innovative method of sustainable food production that combines fish cultivation with agriculture simultaneously. Modern aquaponics is able to overcome problems in urban areas which require land for growing crops and cultivating fish. Good fish cultivation means always monitoring the growth and health of fish to reduce the risk of crop failure, therefore this research aims to implement an Internet of Things (IoT) system in modern aquaponics to increase the growth of tilapia. IoT parameters consisting of pH sensors, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) sensors, and temperature sensors are used to monitor water quality conditions in modern aquaponics. Through IoT systems, data collected in real-time enables more effective environmental monitoring. The creation of an IoT system in modern aquaponics shows that the implementation of IoT can increase the efficiency of modern aquaponic environmental management, resulting in better fish growth and plant productivity. This was verified through the pH sensor test results with a value of 7.2 indicating optimal conditions of acid-base balance in the water, which is essential for the health of tilapia fish. The TDS sensor test with a value of 300 ppm confirmed that the concentration of solid particles in the water was at an optimal level, which is also an indicator of the health of the tilapia fish. Temperature measurement using a temperature sensor with a value of 28°C, shows that the water temperature is within the ideal range for comfort for tilapia, which is usually comfortable at temperatures between 28-30°C

Effect of Substituting Soybean Meal in Oreochromis niloticus Diets with Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Seed Cake on Water Quality, Growth, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Carcass Composition.

A 10-week feeding experiment was performed to determine the impacts of partial substitution of soybean meal (SB) with pumpkin seed cake (PSC) in Oreochromis niloticus diets on water quality, growth rate, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and carcass composition. One hundred and fifty tilapia fish (average weight, 11.93 ± 0.17 g) were randomly allocated to five diets. The first diet (the basal diet) contained 420 g of SB per kg of feed. The remaining four diets, namely, D1, D2, D3, and D4, had SB partially replaced by PSC at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The results revealed that D4 and D1 significantly improved dissolved oxygen levels, while water temperature, pH, total ammonia, and nitrate levels were not significantly affected. Replacing SB with PSC significantly improved specific growth performance indicators and feed conversion compared to the control, with the D4 group showing the best values. Increasing PSC levels decreased serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. In contrast, the D4 group had higher globulin, albumin, total protein, and lysozyme serum levels. Moreover, fish-fed PSC had significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities and significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels. Increasing PSC substitution levels in fish diets increased the ash and crude lipid contents in the bodies of the fish, while crude protein and moisture decreased. In conclusion, replacing SB with PSC in fish diets significantly enhances growth performance, feed conversion, and fish health. Moreover, the findings suggest that PSC can be a promising alternative protein source for sustainable aquaculture practices.

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Commercially Marketed Fish in Wukari, North-Eastern Nigeria

Abstract Pathogenic bacteria that are part of the natural microflora can be found in aquaculture products. Microbial pathogens associated with fish can be transmitted to humans who consume or handle the fish. This study aimed to isolate human pathogenic bacteria present in the gills, intestine and skin of apparently healthy and spoil fishes. Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) and Cat fish (Clariaslazera) were collected from Wukari old market and Yam market of Wukari Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated from the fish gill, intestine and skin. The growth properties of distinct isolates on specific culture media were used to differentiate and characterize them. Pathogenic bacteria were recovered from various fish species that appeared with different features. The following human pathogenic bacteria were isolated; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The total bacteria count value ranges between 0.12 x 105 to 3.52 x 105 for the tilapia fish and 0.12 x 105 to 3.96 x 105 cfu/ml for cat fish. The identification revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria and also present in the initial water samples collected. Presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Eshcherichia coli is attributed to contamination of the fish samples by man through handling and processing. These enteric bacteria in fish serve as indicator organisms of faecal contamination and or water pollution. Their presence also represents a potential hazard to humans’ life. The isolates were higher from Yam market samples compared to Wukari old market.

Nano-pelargonidin modulates p53/PARP/HSP 90/XRCC1 signaling axis to combat cypermethrin-induced genotoxicity and metabolic dysfunction in fish: a molecular docking predicted in vivo approach

Nano-pelargonidin protects CM-induced toxicity in tilapia fish by modulating DNA repair proteins corroborating with molecular docking study.

Sequencing and multiple antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from Nile tilapia fish in Egypt.

Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of the main causes of septicemic diseases among freshwater fish, causing severe economic losses and decreasing farm efficiency. Thus, this research was aimed to investigate the occurrence of P. fluorescens in Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) fish in Egypt, gene sequencing of 16SrDNA gene, and antimicrobial susceptibility. P. fluorescens strains were detected in 32% (128\400) of apparently healthy (9%; 36\400) and diseased (23%; 92\400) Nile tilapia fish. The highest prevalence was observed in gills of fish, 31.3% followed by intestine 26.9%, liver 24.2%, and kidneys 17.6%. The PCR results for the 16SrDNA gene of P. fluorescens showed 16SrDNA gene in 30% of examined isolates. Moreover, Homogeny and a strong relationship between strains of P. fluorescens was confirmed using 16SrDNA sequences. Beside the responsibility of 16SrDNA gene on the virulence of P. fluorescens. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that all strains were resistant to piperacillin (100%), followed by ceftazidime (29.7%), and cefepime (25.8%). The strains of P. fluorescence were highly sensitive to cefotaxime (74.2%), followed by ceftriaxone and levofloxacin (70.3% each). Interestingly, 29.7% of strains of P. fluorescens were multiple antimicrobial-resistant (MAR).

Population structure of exotic fish tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus P. 1852) in Vallabhsagar reservoir - a large aquatic ecosystem on western ghats of India

The present study was conducted to find out the population structure of the studied fish tilapia which provides the information on the exploitation pattern, existing growth and sustainability of the fish in the surrounding aquatic environment. The random fish scale samples (505 numbers) were collected at monthly basis during the month of November 2021 to April 2022 from different commercial fish collection center at Vallabhsagar reservoir, Gujarat for the proposed study of exotic fish tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). The findings of the study shows that fishes varied from 1+ to 5+ age classes and in which 4+ (29%) age group was dominated which followed by 2+ (26%), 3+ (25%), 1+ (12%) and 5+ (9%) of the total population. Moreover, bell shaped age pyramid of tilapia was observed by the balanced population growth due to static aquatic environment in Vallabhsagar reservoir, Gujarat. The increasing length and weight indicated that aquatic environment was favorable for Oreochromis mossambicus in study area may be due to abundance of energy rich food. This rare study in this particular area have been found very useful to evaluate the status of populations, scientific management of fisheries and stock assessment.

Effect of growth performance and survival of Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia fish under biofloc system

Effect of growth performance and survival of Oreochromis niloticus Nile tilapia fish under biofloc system

Effect of Edible Coating Prepared from Aloe Vera Incorporated with Lemongrass Extract on the Antioxidant Properties of the Nile Tilapia Fish Fillets Under Refrigerated Storage

Effect of Edible Coating Prepared from Aloe Vera Incorporated with Lemongrass Extract on the Antioxidant Properties of the Nile Tilapia Fish Fillets Under Refrigerated Storage

In field use of water samples for genomic surveillance of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infecting tilapia fish in Lake Volta, Ghana.

Viral outbreaks are a constant threat to aquaculture, limiting production for better global food security. A lack of diagnostic testing and monitoring in resource-limited areas hinders the capacity to respond rapidly to disease outbreaks and to prevent viral pathogens becoming endemic in fisheries productive waters. Recent developments in diagnostic testing for emerging viruses, however, offers a solution for rapid in situ monitoring of viral outbreaks. Genomic epidemiology has furthermore proven highly effective in detecting viral mutations involved in pathogenesis and assisting in resolving chains of transmission. Here, we demonstrate the application of an in-field epidemiological tool kit to track viral outbreaks in aquaculture on farms with reduced access to diagnostic labs, and with non-destructive sampling. Inspired by the "lab in a suitcase" approach used for genomic surveillance of human viral pathogens and wastewater monitoring of COVID19, we evaluated the feasibility of real-time genome sequencing surveillance of the fish pathogen, Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) in Lake Volta. Viral fractions from water samples collected from cages holding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with suspected ongoing ISKNV infections were concentrated and used as a template for whole genome sequencing, using a previously developed tiled PCR method for ISKNV. Mutations in ISKNV in samples collected from the water surrounding the cages matched those collected from infected caged fish, illustrating that water samples can be used for detecting predominant ISKNV variants in an ongoing outbreak. This approach allows for the detection of ISKNV and tracking of the dynamics of variant frequencies, and may thus assist in guiding control measures for the rapid isolation and quarantine of infected farms and facilities.

Effect of Thiamethoxam Insecticide on Productive Performance of Nile tilapia as well as Water Quality of Fish Tanks

Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a highly toxic systemic neonicotinoid pesticide and its entry into water bodies can greatly endanger human health and aquatic ecosystems. Little is known about the effect of thiamethoxam on Nile Tilapia. Particularly so this experiment was scheduled for three weeks to evaluate the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on productive performance of fish as well as water quality. The used insecticide was Actara 25 WG manufactured by Sygenta, Egypt and it was purchased from Egyptian Company for Seeds and Agricultural Chemicals. It composed of 250 g/kg Thiamethoxam. A total of 200 Oreochromis niloticus with an average initial weight of 15 ± 5 g have been obtained from a commercial fish farm in Kafr Elsheikh province, Egypt. Fish were randomly allotted to five replicated treatments and they were kept at a density of 10 fish / aquaria. Four different concentrations of the insecticide were tested with three replicates of fish for each treatment beside a control group where with no insecticide were used. Tested concentrations of studied insecticide was selected according to lethal concentration 50 (LC50) for Thiamethoxam was 500 mg/l. Statistical analysis of the recorded data clarified that the levels of pH, dissolved oxygen levels (DO), oxygen saturation percentage (DO%) and salinity were significantly different between thiamethoxam treated groups and the control group. In addition, there was a significant difference in final weight and weight gain of fish under experiment in all treatments when compared with the control group. In addition, the lowest significance in the final weight and weight gain was observed at the high chronic dose. Finally, there were no significant differences in mortalities between various treatment groups and the control group with exception to high subacute dose that showed the highest significance of all groups and it was clear that mortalities were increased with increasing thiamethoxam dose as no mortalities were observed in the control group. The present trial clearly showed the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on water quality of fish tank as well as performance and mortality rate in Nile tilapia fish that were live for three weeks in polluted water. Moreover, the result of the present study is of great public health importance because of thiamethoxam residue effects on human health.

Characteristics of tilapia fish scale gelatin and its application in surimi

Characteristics of tilapia fish scale gelatin and its application in surimi

Determining the Applicability of Milkfish (Chanos chanos) for Skin Grafting through Microbiological and Histological Evaluations

Tilapia fish skin, rich in Type I collagen, has been shown to accelerate wound healing, reduce infection rates, and create an optimal environment for wound care. However, the potential application of other fish species, like milkfish, for skin grafting remains underexplored. Milkfish (C. chanos), an economically significant species in the Philippines, could expand the donor pool for fish skin grafting, addressing the accessibility issues in resource-limited regions where traditional graft materials may be costly or scarce. The current study investigates the feasibility of applying tilapia fish skin sterilization techniques to milkfish skin. Collected and prepared milkfish skin was subjected to a sterilization process using an established protocol for silver nanoparticle synthesis and characterization, to ensure sterility without compromising collagen integrity. Microbiological and histological evaluations were conducted to determine the collagen quality and sterility of milkfish skin. The results indicate that milkfish skin, after undergoing the same sterilization procedures as tilapia skin, maintained high collagen integrity and was free from microbial contamination. By demonstrating that milkfish skin can be effectively sterilized and used similarly to tilapia skin, this research provides innovative, cost-effective, and sustainable wound-healing solutions. This finding has the potential to transform wound care in underserved areas, improving patient outcomes in regions with limited access to advanced medical facilities.

The impact of dietary probiotic supplementation on welfare and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

The usage of commercial probiotic products as alternatives to traditional antibiotics in fish culture is initiated to be a potential factor for Nile tilapia fish's welfare and growth. The purpose of the current study is to show the influence of commercial probiotics (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) dietary supplementation at different levels on Nile tilapia welfare and growth. Apparently healthy fingerlings of Nile Tilapia with a total number of 120 with an average initial weight (26.2 ± 0.3 g) were distributed into four groups (each group had 30 fingerlings). The first group (G1) was given a basal diet without additional probiotics, while other groups [second group (G2), the third group (G3), and the fourth group (G4)] were given basal diets supplemented with different levels of commercial probiotics (1 g, 2 g, and 3 g of probiotics per kilogram of diet), respectively (15 fish in each sub group as replicate), in eight glass aquaria (30 × 40 × 100 cm) for 2 months as an experimental period. The results revealed that the probiotic-treated groups especially G4 (3 g probiotics/kg diet) showed a marked increase in the following behavioral patterns such as feeding and swimming behaviors, while G2 (1 g probiotic/kg diet) had an increase in the foraging behavior compared with G1 control group. While surfacing, body care, and aggressive behaviors with all patterns were the highest in the control group (G1) than all probiotics-treated groups. The crossing test showed that fish rose in the probiotic-treated groups (G3 and G4) were more active and could achieve the highest growth rates. While water quality was better in G4 (3 g probiotic /kg diet) than in other groups. Moreover, G4 (3 g probiotic/kg diet) showed a marked increase in all serum biochemical parameters than the control group (G1). The current study proved that the best level of commercial probiotics (B. amyloliquefaciens) was (3 g probiotic/kg diet) for achieving optimal Nile tilapia fingerlings' growth performance under these experimental conditions. Finally, this work confirms the significance of the addition of probiotics as a feed additive to enhance both growth performance and immunity response, improve water quality, and achieve the welfare of Nile tilapia fingerlings.