Tight Clothing Research Articles

Equestrian perniosis: A case report and review of the literature

Equestrian perniosis is a rare form of perniosis that is predominantly seen in young female equestrians who ride in cold temperatures. Tight fitting clothing, age under 35 years, and smoking can contribute to the disease manifestation. The diagnosis can be determined from a thorough history and physical examination. However, a biopsy can be taken to confirm the diagnosis. Although many cases are self-limiting and resolve within a few days to weeks of diagnosis, nifedipinie can be considered as a therapeutic measure for persistent cases. Measures such as wearing loose fitting clothing and horseback riding in warmer temperatures and for shorter time periods can prevent recurrence.

Photographic Images in Sports Illustrated for Kids: An Analysis of Sport Coverage and Gender Representation

In this study we examined sport coverage and gender representation in photographic images in Sports Illustrated for Kids over a 3-year period. A content analysis of 4205 photographic images was conducted and data were analyzed using a chi-square analysis. Our research revealed that females were substantially underrepresented within the magazine (12%) and only appeared on the cover once over a 3-year period (<1%). The top three sports represented for men in SI for Kids were baseball, basketball, and football, whereas the top 3 “sports” for women were basketball, not in a sport (e.g., a fan), and soccer. Females were more likely than males to be represented in photographic images off the court, in individual sports, in feminine sports, in a posed position, as nonathletes, in tighter clothing, sleeveless shirts, with more of their legs showing, and with their midriff visible. When considering these findings in light of social learning theory, it is likely that media coverage within SI for Kids plays an important role in determining which sports are acceptable or unacceptable for boys and girls.

Low-Cut Shirts and High-Heeled Shoes: Increased Sexualization Across Time in Magazine Depictions of Girls

Theory and past research predict an increase in the sexualization of girls in United States culture. We used content analysis to examine change in the number of sexualizing characteristics (e.g., low cut shirts, high-heeled shoes) and childlike characteristics (e.g., polka-dot print, Mary-Jane style shoes) present in depictions of girls across time in the magazines Seventeen (N = 1649 images from issues in selected issues from 1971 through 2011) and Girls’ Life (N = 763 images from selected issues from 1994 to 2011). One-way ANOVAS revealed increases in the total number of sexualizing characteristics across time in both magazines. In particular, depictions of low-cut tops and tight fitting clothing increased in both magazines. There was also a decrease in the number of childlike characteristics in Girls’ Life across time. Possible reasons for increased sexualization as well as possible consequences are discussed.

Labia Majora Labioplasty in HIV-related Vaginal Lipodystrophy: Technique Description and Literature Review

We present a rare case involving severe hypertrophy of the labia majora. This 39-year-old married woman developed a clinically noticeable bilateral lipodystrophy of her labia majora following the administration of chronic antiretroviral therapy. Different combination drug regimens that included drugs like Crixivan(®), Epivir(®), and Zerit(®) were administered to the patient from 1998 to 2005. The patient is currently on a single drug regimen of Atripla(®) with the disease under control and no other comorbidities. The severity of the pubic protuberance created an appearance resembling male genitalia, even when covered by underwear. This anatomical abnormality obviously impaired her social life and forced her to avoid wearing tight pants, swimming garments, and tight clothes in general. She also avoided any sexual activity. Her pubic hair was shaved. Crural creases and vulvar mucosa were marked in order not to be violated. The estimated amount of skin and fat to be removed was marked. Intraoperative tailor-tacking suturing was used to mark the extent of the resection of the labia majora. Sutures were left in place to verify the accurate tension of the remaining skin. The procedure was performed with the patient under general anesthesia. Labial skin resection was performed by sharp dissection. Electrocautery was then used to excise the lobulated fat accumulation. Two layers of 3/0 Vicryl(®) sutures were used in the lax subcutaneous tissue. 4/0 Vicryl(®) rapide was used on the skin to approximate wound edges. Suction drains were left in place for 48h to reduce the dead space and to manage postoperative bleeding. The patient was instructed to keep ice and compression pads on the area for the first 24h and to keep the area clean. This was followed by the application of antibiotic ointment two times a day on the wounds to avoid blood crust formation and to keep the skin soft. Stitches were removed on POD 14 after an overall uneventful postoperative course. The sensitivity of the labia majora's interior aspect was preserved, even initially. With the legs slightly open, the labia majora just covered the entrance to the vagina. The clitoris and labia minora became visible again, restoring a normal anatomical appearance. Moderate edema was observed for 4weeks after surgery. The surgical technique used provided an excellent result according to the patient, who regained her self-confidence and started having a normal sexual life again. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Contact hypersensitivity to oxazolone provokes vulvar mechanical hyperalgesia in mice (P6028)

Abstract Vulvodynia can affect ~20% of women of child-bearing age. Activities such as contact with tight clothing or sexual intercourse provoke burning pain sensations whose etiology and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between a history of environmental allergies and the risk of developing vulvodynia. Clinicians find increased mast cell numbers, hyperinnervation and up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines in biopsies from vulvodynia patients vs. controls. An allergy-based mast cell focused mouse model of vulvodynia is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this pathology. We show that challenge with contact hypersensitivity allergen oxazolone produces acute mechanical hyperalgesia in the vulvar region of previously sensitized female mice. Acute pain is localized to the challenge site, lasts up to 24 hours post-challenge and is accompanied by influx of neutrophils into the labiar tissue and up-regulation of several inflammatory cytokine genes including IL-6, Cxcl-1 and Cxcl-2. Pre-challenge administration of H1R-antagonist pyrilamine, tricyclic antidepressant amitryptiline, and sodium cromoglycate all abrogate the hyperalgesic response. Our findings provide the first evidence of the induction of measurable pain following an allergic response in the labiar/vulvar tissue in mice thus establishing a model that can be adapted to chronic challenges and long-term assessment of pain with and without ongoing inflammation.

Revisiting Physiologic and Psychologic Triggers that Increase Spasticity

The aims of this study were to systematically identify and summarize the literature examining the impact of physiologic and psychologic triggers on spasticity and discuss the evidence supporting various types of triggers. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PEDro databases were searched using specific keyword combinations. Only studies using clinical tests or self-reports of spasticity were included. A total of 1152 articles were scanned for relevance, and of 44 relevant articles, 24 were reviewed. Pregnancy, posture, cold, circadian rhythm, and skin conditions increased spasticity and were measured using objective clinical tests. Self-reports of spasticity suggest that triggers such as bowel- and bladder-related issues, menstrual cycle, mental stress, and tight clothing can all increase spasticity. No literature evidence of increase in spasticity in response to heterotopic ossification, hemorrhoids, deep vein thrombosis, fever, and sleep patterns was found. Although self-reports indicate a strong possibility of increasing spasticity, without objective examination, the true effects of these triggers on spasticity remain inconclusive. Most studies reviewed here were performed in the spinal cord injury population; therefore, it is not known whether these triggers induce similar effects in persons with other neurologic etiologies.

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Untitled Imani Perry (bio) Growing up, we bricolage householded our lives. Hangers and tinfoil for Brady Bunch reception. My auntie could wield a gun, take on three dudes at once in a fight, (they said she did that once in college) and wear a white pantsuit and heels flawlessly. One afternoon she called everybody in the house “Le-ROY,” and threw silly putty at the wall like it was a baseball. And it stuck. There in Birmingham, the magic city, in the Ensley neighborhood, home of Sun Ra, (I could walk to his childhood home and not get out of breath), we were still country though urban. Across the street from where we lived, Tay, short for Talia, told us her mama said damn near everybody did it with a woman at least one time. We were twelve, and I didn’t sit and wonder whether or not what she said was true or why she told us. It was just there. I was born in 1972. My summers, growing up as hip hop was emerging, were split between Birmingham and Chicago. At the New City YMCA, on the West Side of Chicago, just across and down the road from The Cabrini Green housing project made famous in the television sitcom Good Times, we hung out in the basement that they absurdly called “camp.” At New City, the counselors put Terrence, a soft-voiced effeminate boy with processed hair, tight clothing, and buck teeth, with the girls. He was safer that way. But he never jumped rope like his twin sister Terry. She talked to him in an annoyed, curt voice. I stood next to him cause I swung double handed and didn’t quite fit in the game either. The boys rejected Terrence, but they liked Sylvester. “Sylvester cool, he not no gaybird!,” they said. But Sylvester’s boyfriend was also a counselor at our camp. He fades from my memory. Sylvester’s charisma eclipsed that of almost all the others in charge. He led us as we danced to the music of the other, famous, Sylvester. It was Chicago after all, and we took turns twirling [End Page 162] a flashlight around to make the gym seem like a club. And Tricia, the best dancer among us, jack jack jack jacked her body. Common sayings in that space and time: I stay with, my grandmamma. That’s my daddy but not my real daddy. I’m not no regular project kid. In those days, us black children watched the Brady Bunch and could barely see it for all the snow. We ALL came up queer, truth be told. And the music that surrounded us, with our bricolage households, held together our inheritance of starships and funk, men in feathers, Labelle dressed for outerspace, Bootsy with stars in his eyes, and beats, all kinds of beats, working simultaneously. Rapper MC Shan sampled British queer Queen frontman Freddie Mercury, who borrowed that baseline from disco genius Nile Rodgers. David Bowie sang “Fame” on Soul Train and tore it up without the blink of an eye. Though he wore a slim suit that day, we knew who that glam rocker was. Our soundings were roaming and loving, our foundation was lush. The disciplines of our bodies were stern, though our family structures weren’t. The dancing was virtuosic (what if Moynihan had looked at that instead?). Drawling mother tongues, new to asphalt, sounded of displacement woven into a collage of meaning. Still hungry, still outsider, still despised, and still beautiful migrants. The remix of country and countryside people, translocals to the metropoles, coming at the city sideways, with our suitcases duct-taped. We were just like hoods and ghettoes all over the place. Hip Hop was born this way. (And I want you to think Carl Bean, not Gaga, when I say that.) This wandering meditation is how I come to thinking about what is queer in hip hop. But of course that’s not all of what we mean to talk about when we put the word queer next to the words hip hop. We mean something literal, about sexual orientation too. I did an interview recently for a documentary...

Non‐obstetric vulval trauma

To describe the mechanism, injury pattern and management of women who present to the ED with non-obstetric vulval trauma. A retrospective, single-institution case series was carried out. Data were sourced from medical records of women who presented to the ED and Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital between 2007 and 2011. Records of possible injuries to the vulva were assessed to determine incidence, age, site, type of injury, mechanism of injury and whether urinary retention required treatment. This information was analysed using the computer software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 11.0. Vulval non-obstetric trauma was found in 19 of 519 cases, resulting in haematoma formation, lacerations, tears or a combination of the three in 16 of the 19 cases. Injuries were due to falling astride a firm object, consensual coitus, sexual assault, cold waxing and tight clothing. Urinary retention occurred in three cases. Site of injury, whether anterior or posterior, was evenly distributed irrespective of the mechanism of injury. Haematomas were treated conservatively and bleeding lacerations sutured. None required resuscitation. Non-obstetric vulval injuries are uncommon (incidence 3.7%). All cases require assessment for vaginal, urethral, anal and bony pelvis injuries. This might require examination under anaesthesia. Conservative management of haematomas in the absence of acute haematoma expansion is favoured. The need to screen for sexually transmissible infections and pregnancy is important. Social worker and psychological support is important to reduce the incidence of long-term psychological problems.

Thrombophlebitis Resembling Mondor’s Disease: A Case Report

INTRODUCTION: Mondor’s disease (MD) is a rare benign breast condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins in the subcutaneous fat of the breast or anterior chest wall. The etiopathogenesis of MD remains controversial and, in the absence of a proven pathophysiological mechanism, a multifactorial phenomenon has been postulated. Various authors have associated the disease with local trauma, including biopsy or surgery, cancer, muscular strain, tight clothing, radiation and large pendulous breasts. Inflammatory and infectious agents have also been proposed as etiologic factors. The thoracoepigastric, superior epigastric and lateral thoracic veins are the most commonly involved, especially the last of these. Although the internal mammary vein receives drainage from the medial aspect of the breast, it is rarely affected. Bilateral involvement is unusual too. We report a case of bilateral thrombophlebitis resembling Mondor’s disease involving the lateral thoracic veins and the internal mammary veins, with multiple simultaneous or separate recurrences in both breasts. CASE REPORT: A 44-year-old Brazilian woman presented at the outpatient clinic of the Fortaleza General Hospital (HGF). On physical examination, the patient presented very large pendular breasts and a 35 cm long subcutaneous, ulcerated cord-like induration in the inner quadrants of the right breast. Several old scars were observed bilaterally in the topography of the thoracic lateral veins and internal veins. Dilated superficial veins were observed in both breasts. The patient was submitted to mammography and sonography, but no lesions were detected. DISCUSSION: The classical form of MD is lateral, unilateral and self-limited thrombophlebitis of the mammary veins. In contrast, in our patient MD affected the lateral thoracic veins and the internal mammary veins bilaterally, with multiple recurrences. Despite all efforts, the main cause was not identified, as with many other cases reported in the literature. In fact, other case reports have associated large and pendular breasts with MD. The major clinical significance of MD is that the condition can mask malignant lesions. No specific treatment is needed in most cases and and follow-up is strongly recommended.

C0027 Mondor\\'s disease in young woman due to hereditary thrombophilia

Mondor\'s disease is a rare entity characterized by thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the anterolateral thoraco-abdominal wall, the etiology of which remains obscure. Trauma and surgical biopsies head the top of the list of known cases, it may also be associated with breast cancer, bandaging, tight clothes, infections and inravenous drug abuse. Fewer than 400 cases of this disease have been reported in the world literature and only in one case thrombophilia was found to be associated with this condition.

“We Don't Wear Tight Clothes”: Gay Panic and Queer Style in Contemporary Hip Hop

This article examines the tension within contemporary hip hop between the rising popularity of queer-inflected style within the genre and its corresponding backlash, fueled by those who continue to conflate hip hop with a hyper-masculine black identity. The author begins by exploring both the aesthetic and the economic motivations for hip hop's recent embrace of queer-influenced music and dress styles. He then analyzes two recent media controversies, involving online video clips of rappers Thug Slaughter Force and Beanie Sigel, in order to deconstruct contemporary hip hop's gay panic moment. In these clips, the performers direct their verbal aggression towards fellow rappers who wear tight clothes and other forms of dress associated with queer style, even threatening violence towards them. The author demonstrates how these attempts to police the boundaries of black masculinity connect with a long history of homophobia within African-American culture. He concludes by arguing that these reactionary and alarming incidents highlight the need for further transformations within hip hop's conceptions of black masculinity.

Impact of personal factors and furniture arrangement on the thermal plume above a sitting occupant

The impact of thermal insulation and the design of clothing and chair, the blocking effect of a table and breathing on the thermal plume above a sitting thermal manikin was studied in a climate chamber. Air speed and temperature in the plume cross-section 0.7 m above the manikin head were measured. Results show that loose clothing increases the volume flux by 24%, changes the shape of the plume and thus should be carefully simulated. Tight clothing and chair design do not affect the plume volume flux and need not be considered in full-scale experiments. However, the convective part of the sensible heat loss increases with thermal insulation of a chair, and may be important in detailed CFD predictions. A wig on the manikin head appears to be important because a bald head decreases volume flux by 15%. Positioning the table tightly in front of the body affects air temperature and velocity distributions in the plume and increases volume flux by almost 50%. Exhaling through the mouth expands the plume, resulting in the integral characteristics being 40% greater and therefore should be considered in numerical simulations or experiments with thermal manikins, while exhaling through the nose can be disregarded. The volume flux of the thermal plume 0.7 m above the head of a sedentary occupant can be calculated with 25% uncertainty, using values for the convective heat loss equal to 30% of the sensible heat generated by the body and the distance of the virtual plume origin equal to −1.60 m.

Mondor’s Disease

A Mondor’s disease is a rare, benign and self-limiting condition. It is due to thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and chest wall. It usually occurs in middle-aged women who present with a palpable cordlike structure, often painful in the acute phase. The aetiology is unknown, and may be related to trauma, surgery, infection or tight clothing. The finding of a superficial vessel seen as a linear opacity on mammography and a tubular structure on ultrasound is typical. An intra-luminal thrombus may be seen on ultrasound, and there may be absent flow on Doppler imaging. Conservative treatment is usually instituted, although surgery may be indicated in certain circumstances.

The health concerns and behaviours of primigravida: comparing advanced age pregnant women with their younger counterparts

This study was to describe and compare the health concerns, behaviours and anxiety of advanced age pregnant women (35 years and older) with their younger counterparts. Women have specific health concerns and behaviours during pregnancy. Delayed childbearing has an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and advanced age pregnant women may have more health concerns than younger ones. A cross-sectional study. Primigravidae Chinese women aged 35 or older (n = 47) and 188 younger than aged 35 were recruited in February and March of 2005 by convenient sampling from the antenatal clinic of a regional hospital in Hong Kong to complete a questionnaire. Advanced age pregnant women when compared with their counterparts were more likely to have tertiary education (42·6% vs. 28·7%) and a higher family monthly income of Hong Kong $40,001 or more (40·5% vs. 15·4%). They were more likely to be concerned the possibility of miscarriage (63·8% vs. 45·9%) and the physical demands of caring for the newborn (61·7% vs. 45·4%) but were more likely to take up healthy behaviours such as 'eating nutritious food' (100%) and avoiding 'wearing tight clothing and high-heel shoes'(100%). Advanced age women were more likely to be concerned about their 'recovery after childbirth' (63·8% vs. 42·7%), Down's syndrome (70·2% vs. 37·8%) and structural defects of their foetus (78·7% vs. 54·1%). The results of this study provide a background for improving prenatal care catering for the specific health concerns of the advanced aged and promotion of health behaviours among younger pregnant women. Antenatal, obstetric and community health nurses have the responsibility to provide education and support services catering to the special concerns of pregnant women at different ages. Health professionals should promote the prime time for childbearing and deliver messages regarding the potential problems associated with later childbearing at premarital counselling.

Female genital cosmetic surgery: a new dilemma for GPs

Professional concerns about female genital cosmetic surgery (FGCS) are evident in a number of recent publications. Critiques have come from diverse positions including: In the UK, women and girls are most likely to first present concerns about their genitalia to their GP. Their complaints are likely to fall into two broad categories: physical and psychological. Physical complaints may include discomfort, pain, rubbing, and chaffing during activities such as cycling and horse riding. Psychological complaints may include embarrassment as a result of the labia minora protruding beyond the labia majora, and attendant restrictions on lifestyle choices (for example, concerns about not being able to wear tight clothes or take public showers or engage in certain sexual activities). Reduction of the labia minora is the most likely first line FGCS procedure. Labia reduction procedures fall broadly into two categories. The labial ‘trim’, where a strip of the labia is cut off, is usually performed by gynaecologists. The ‘wedge resection’, which is a more complex procedure involving cutting away a section of each labia minora, is usually carried out by plastic surgeons. The procedures have not been evaluated comparatively, but it is generally assumed that the latter is more likely to result in superior cosmesis, though it may also …

Etiological Factors in Umbilical Pilonidal Sinus

The objective of this study is to investigate factors leading to the development of umbilical pilonidal sinus (UPS). 31 patients with UPS treated at Harran University and Keçiören State Training Hospital between January 1997 and November 2007. 100 consecutive volunteer outpatients were administered questionnary. The questionnary included questions on age, sex, profession, body mass index (BMI), skin color, hirsute status, frequency of taking baths, personal history of pilonidal sinus (PS), familyal history of PS, and whether -they wear tight clothes and wheteher they use belt. The results obtained from two groups were compared. UPS is one of the PS group diseases and involves umbilical region. There was statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of age, profession, hirsute status, familial history of PS, wearing tight clothes and BMI. Improvement in these factors may contribute to the reduction of the prevalance of the disease. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12262-010-0226-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Flexible shape control for automatic resizing of apparel products

We provide a flexible shape control technique in this paper for the automatic resizing of apparel products. The automatic resizing function has become an essential part of the 3D garment CAD systems to generate user customized apparel products for individuals with variant body shapes. The human bodies are usually represented by piecewise linear mesh surfaces with consistent connectivity. The shape of apparel products can then be warped from the space around a human body to the space around another body by computing the new positions of points on apparel products. However, one major limitation of this kind of automatic resizing technique is that the apparel products are always distorted along the shape of the human bodies. This is a required deformation for tight clothes but not an expected result for other types of clothes. To solve this problem, we investigate a method to preserve the shape of user-defined features on the apparel products. As the apparel products are often represented by discrete surfaces with non-manifold entities, the existing mesh processing approaches that preserve the local shape cannot be applied here. A new algorithm consisting of three steps is developed in this paper. First, the apparel product is warped from the reference human body to the space around the target human body. Second, the shape of features is optimized to match their original shape before the warping. Lastly, discrete surfaces of the apparel product are deformed again under an optimization framework to match their original shapes locally while interpolating the shape of features determined in the previous step.

Studi validasi indeks massa tubuh dan rasio lingkar pinggang panggul terhadap profil lipid pada pasien rawat jalan di Poli Jantung RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

Background: Obesity is one of nutrition status categories that can be measured with various methods, just like nutrition status. So far, anthropometric methods such as body mass index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) are commonly used due to their practicality and inexpensiveness. However, biochemical examination will give more objective result, apart from its ability to make early detection of body changes. Lipid profie is a biochemical method that can be used to predict excess of fat deposit (hyperlipidemia) that causes obesity.Objective: To identify validity of BMI and WHR compared to lipid profie of out-patient at cardiology clinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design undertaken at cardiology clinic of Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. Samples were patients of over 40 years old that had blood lipid profie whose height, weight, waist and hip circumference could be measured and were willing to participate. Patients on wheel chair or unable to stand up properly and wearing tight clothes were excluded. Sensitivity and specifiity test was made to assess the validity of BMI and WHR against lipid profile. Result: As many as 52 samples (53.6%) had hypercholesterolimia, 45 (46.4%) had normocholesterolemia. As many as 38 samples (39.2%) had hypertrygliceridemia, 59 (60.8%) had normotrygliceridemia. Based on BMI 76 samples (78.3%) were obese and 21 (21.7%) non obese. Based on WHR as many as 79 samples (81.5%) were of central obese and 18 (18.5%) non obese. Sensitivity of BMI and WHR was good but their specifiity was low.Conclusion: BMI and WHR could be used to detect hypercholesterolemia and hypertrygliceridemia due to their good sensitivity; but they could not be used to predict normocholesterolemia and normotrygliceridemia due to their low specificity.

Epidemiologic study to evaluate the treatment of palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) in patients (pts) with ovarian cancer (OC) or metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD).

e12014 Background: PLD is a highly active agent for OC and MBC. Liposome encapsulation and pegylation of PLD alters the pharmacokinetic and side effect (SE) profiles of conventional doxorubicin, improving its therapeutic ratio. PPE is a common SE of PLD and may be related to the pressure-dependent extravasation of liposomes into the skin. Methods: Pts with OC or MBC being treated with PLD were observed. The primary objectives were frequency of PPE as well as the curative pharmacologic and/or prophylactic treatment for PPE. Secondary objectives were numbers of pts that required change in PLD treatment dose/schedule due to PPE and pts compliance to PPE treatment. Results: 154 pts from 16 Spanish hospitals were evaluable. The mean age was 62.4 y (range: 39-83). 73 pts had MBC and 81 had OC. 140 pts (90.9%) received PLD monotherapy with a mean of 3.9 cycles. The mean accumulated dose and dose intensity of PLD were 95.4 mg/m2 (15-331.5) and 9.7 mg/m2/week (4.4-23.3), respectively. At time of study enrollment, 65 pts presented with PPE (grade 1 n = 42; grade 2 n = 15; grade 3 n = 8; no grade 4). The median duration of PPE was 23 days (0-226). PLD treatment was adjusted in 18 pts (11.7%): delayed in 10 pts and dose reduced (to mean of 35 mg/m2 [30-40]) in 8 pts. PLD had to be interrupted in 4 pts. 14 pts (9.1%) received curative therapy for PPE, 52 (33.8%) received prophylaxis, and 6 (3.9%) received both. Most pts (n=55, 76.4%) received one treatment for PPE. Common pharmacologic strategies were oral dexamethasone (n = 10; 71.4%), pyridoxine (n = 8, 57.1%), topical corticosteroids (n = 8, 57.1%), and topical DMSO 99% (n = 3, 21.4%). Nonpharmacologic strategies were avoid excessive heat/water (n = 14, 100%), keep skin hydrated (n = 12, 85.7%), avoid sweating and physical activity (n = 7, 50%), avoid tight fitting clothing (n = 12, 85.7%), and local cooling of hands/feet (n = 6, 42.9%). Compliance with each educational recommendation was low (< 45%). Conclusions: While PPE was an observed SE of PLD in these MBC and OC pts, it was manageable. Patient education to ensure compliance with PPE preventive measures and treatments is important in controlling this SE. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Schering-Plough

E4 Biofidelic modeling of skeletal muscles(English session)

An active joint motion of human body is normally produced by non-isometric skeletal muscle contractions through the motor control. These non-isometric skeletal muscle contractions induce substantial shape change of the muscle segment, e.g., bulged belly of concentrically contracting muscles and consequently the interaction with the tight clothing or footwear becomes an important design issue. In order to simulate both contractile muscular forces and associated volumetric changes using digital human body models, the FE based hybrid muscle modeling approach in which three-dimension solid elements are reinforced with one-dimensional Hill type bar elements respectively representing muscle substrates and fibers is introduced. The lower leg muscles and their actions on ankle joint motions (dorsi/plantar-flexions) are accordingly modeled, simulated and quantitatively validated against a live subject experiment.