Three-part Model Research Articles

Getting the right tail right: Modeling tails of health expenditure distributions

Health expenditure data almost always include extreme values, implying that the underlying distribution has heavy tails. This may result in infinite variances as well as higher-order moments and bias the commonly used least squares methods. To accommodate extreme values, we propose an estimation method that recovers the right tail of health expenditure distributions. It extends the popular two-part model to develop a novel three-part model. We apply the proposed method to claims data from one of the biggest German private health insurers. Our findings show that the estimated age gradient in health care spending differs substantially from the standard least squares method.

Subjective Well-Being of Faculty and Students of Psychology and Education Departments of Pamantasan Ng Cabuyao during Covid-19 Pandemic

Before the pandemic, teachers were comfortable with the educational system. The pandemic has lowered teacher’s perceptions of well-being in the face of their work, raising fears about their future careers. During this time of pandemic, sex, length of service, well-being, sense of teaching challenges, and outlook have proven to be predictors of professional well-being. The study’s findings will be used by the researchers to develop an action plan for the university to increases and sustain faculty members’ professional and social well-being, as well as improve emotional management among Selected Psychology and Education students. For this reason, the researchers aimed to learn about the subjective well-being of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao Psychology and Education faculty members and students during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Specifically, attempts to assess the demographic profile of the respondent, the subjective well-being of the faculty members and the students as well as the significant difference between the subjective well- being as perceived by the faculty members and the students of Psychology and Education Departments of Pamantasan ng Cabuyao, and proposed an action plan to provide personal, social well-being and emotional management support for them during Covid-19 Pandemic. The study was anchored with Ed Diener’s research as he devised a three-part model of happiness, which he describes how people experience the quality of their lives and includes both emotional reactions and cognitive judgements. The researchers adapted Ed Dieners questionnaires which posits three distinct but often components of wellbeing: frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect, and cognitive evaluations such as life satisfaction. The researchers employed the descriptive approach by collecting the data from the faculty members and students of Psychology and the importance of the support system, sustain and improve faculty members enthusiasm to serve the institution, improve the self-worth as part of the institution, recognize them as valuable as other staffs if the university as assets and their existence are valued and recognized. In addition, the university, specifically the departments the students and faculty members should enjoin to provide activities and programs that will instill positivity and overall life satisfaction, such as assistantships, parent-teacher interaction that will also improve the child’s well- being and offer opportunities for measuring relationships with other people, get involved in some physical activities such as sports, meditations, yoga and exercises that can improve their subjective well-being.

CFDMI-SEC: An optimal model for copy-move forgery detection of medical image using SIFT, EOM and CHM.

Image forgery is one of the issues that can create challenges for law enforcement. Digital devices can easily Copy-move images, forging medical photos. In the insurance industry, forensics, and sports, image forgery has become very common and has created problems. Copy-Move Forgery in Medical Images (CMFMI) has led to abuses in areas where access to advanced medical devices is unavailable. The proposed model (SEC) is a three-part model based on an evolutionary algorithm that can detect fake blocks well. In the first part, suspicious points are discovered with the help of the SIFT algorithm. In the second part, suspicious blocks are found using the equilibrium optimization algorithm. Finally, color histogram Matching (CHM) matches questionable points and blocks. The proposed method (SEC) was evaluated based on accuracy, recall, and F1 criteria, and 100, 97.00, and 98.47% were obtained for the fake medical images, respectively. Experimental results show robustness against different transformation and post-processing operations on medical images.

Improving Unsupervised Domain Adaptation via Multiple Adversarial Learning

<p>Most machine learning methods assume the training and test sets to be independent and have identical distributions. However, this assumption does not always hold true in practical applications. Direct training usually induces poor performance if the training and test data have distribution shifts. To address this issue, a three-part model based on using a feature extractor, a classifier, and several domain discriminators is adopted herein. This unsupervised domain adaptation model is based on multiple adversarial learning with samples of different importance. A deep neural network is used for supervised classification learning of the source domain. Numerous adversarial networks are used to constitute the domain discriminators to align each category in the source and target domains and effectively transfer knowledge from the source domain to the target domain. Triplet loss functions—classification loss, label credibility loss, and discrimination loss—are presented to further optimize the model parameters. First, the label similarity metric is designed between the target and source domains data. Second, a credibility loss function is proposed to obtain an accurate label for the unlabeled data of the target domain under training iterations. Finally, a discrimination loss is designed for multiple adversarial domain discriminators to fully utilize the unlabeled data in the target domain during training. The discrimination loss function uses predicted label probabilities as dynamic weights for the train data. The proposed method is compared with mainstream domain adaptation approaches on four public datasets: Office-31, MNIST, USPS, and SVHN. Experimental results show that the proposed method can perform well in the target domain and improve generalization performance of the model.</p> <p> </p>

Hero’s Journey in Korean Confucian Historiography: Biographies of Kim Yusin and Kungye in the Context of J . Campbell’s Monomyth

For the first time in Russian (and world) Korean studies, biographies of real historical characters are analyzed within the framework of the concept of monomyth (or hero's journey) coined by Joseph Campbell. Previously, such an approach was practiced only in the study of narrative prose. This paper focuses on practical evaluation of monomyth as a prism with regard to Confucian chronicles. Critical analysis of the text showed us to conclude that the concept of monomyth is quite suitable — with some reservations — for describing the historical narrative of the biographical section of the Confucian chronicle Samguk sagi (Historical Record of the Three Kingdoms). The research revealed life paths of the chosen hero, who embodies the ideal of a loyal subject, and his antagonist generally follow the three-part model proposed by Campbell (departure — initiation — return). This allows us to conclude that a powerful autochthonous Korean cultural stratum contributed to the formation of a specific syncretic worldview in Korea during the Three States and United Silla period (traditional dates: 1st century B.C. — 10th century A.D.), which integrated Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism into a single system and was reflected in the official chronicle compiled in the 12th century. The Confucian historiographer's representation of these substrates (given a certain ability of these teachings to assimilate each other's concepts) was cemented by myth, which, together with the Confucian canon, set the principles of text organization, plot models, and ways of presenting historical events. The susceptibility of Korean Confucianism at this historical stage to mythology allowed mythological cosmology to integrate quite easily into the Confucian world-building narrative, and to deal with subjects that were previously considered taboo for Confucian ethics in classical Orientalism, such as the manifestations of the Oedipus complex. The interpretation of history as a moral and ethical drama brings official Confucian historiography closer to political myth in its modern interpretation and allows us to evaluate the historical text in a new way.

Tikanga and the Law

This paper is based on the transcript from a presentation given at the New Zealand Asian Lawyers Wānanga on Tikanga and the Law given on 3 May 2023. This paper offers one of many explanations of tikanga and is an entry level introduction only to a complex kaupapa. This paper traverses briefly a proposed three-part model of recognition of tikanga. The first part of the model is a methodology of engagement. The second part is the notion of kaitiaki as a controlling principle. The third part is tikanga-enabling processes. The last two steps of the methodology are covered briefly due to time restraints.
 Keywords: tikanga; normative system; recognition; methodology of engagement; tikanga-enabling processes; common law.

Ocaasional forms of nominal verbs in modern Georgian poetic discourse

Verbal occasionalism is abundant in the language of Georgian fiction; Along with informativeness, these unusual forms are charactarized by brevity and emotional coloring. In the modern Georgian poetic discourse, the production models of verbal occassionisms according to the surname, paronomasian syntagms, where the name of the same root stands next to the named verb (subordinate, direvt addition or other member of the sentence, punitive neologisms of an ironic tone, as well as productive stems and adverbial elements of such verbs. Semantic and stylistic nuances are also important, which together with informativeness, indicate the wide word-making potential and flexibility of the Georgian language. To express the instrumentality in avtive verbs in the present tense, a three-part model is used: 1) I+noun+stem+av; 2) U- +noun stem+av; 3) A- = base of the name _topic sign. In the main participle, the preverb is used as a wordforming function. Verbal instrumentals are formed bt a twopart model:noun+stem+av theme marker. In the case of medioactive and mediopassive verbs, there is two-part model: noun stem+ subject sign. The nominal verbs has the marker -ob, when the active verbs has the marker eb,av, in the oassive voise forms has the marker -eb. Nouins, adjectives, numerals and adverbs are used to form new verbs. In short, the new form of the verb is obtyained by adding affixes from other parts of speech.

Husserl’s three-part model for intentionality: an examination of players, play acts, and playgrounds

ABSTRACT In this analysis, I employ Husserl’s three-part description of intentionality to show how a player/play act/play object model for consciousness helps us see play more clearly. I review Suits’ logic-based attempts to amend Huizinga’s overly inclusive characterization of play. However, I do so on what I see as stronger phenomenological grounds by describing four kinds of experience embedded in Suits’ work-play dichotomy. I analyze two species of play-fortified work – namely, work that requires intrinsic enhancement and work that does not. I also describe two species of play – namely, play that is compromised and play that is unfettered. I conclude by summarizing advantages of phenomenological analyses and underlining the important distinctions this philosophic method uncovers within traditional work and play categories.

Household energy use response to extreme heat with a biophysical model of temperature regulation: An Arizona case study

Rising temperatures associated with climate change are impacting household energy use. Many of today’s industrial-technological-urban humans thermoregulate in the face of varying temperatures using extra-metabolic energy use for heating and cooling our indoor microclimates. Previously, household energy use as a function of temperature change over seasons and time has been described using a three-part model of thermoregulation, the Extra-Metabolic Scholander-Irving model (EMSI), where energy use is lowest in the thermal neutral zone around room temperature and increases in colder and hotter temperatures. However, the EMSI model has only been evaluated for moderately warm cities to date, covering only two parts of the three-part model and lacking evaluation of data for extremely hot temperatures. We show that household energy use in Arizona, a U.S. state that includes hot semi-arid environments, varies across topography, and increases in response to the hottest summer months–exemplifying the third part of the EMSI model. Additionally, household energy use is lowest in the spring and fall and increases in response to colder temperatures in the winter. This relationship has hysteresis related to differences in household income; service regions with lower-income households delay the onset of extra-metabolic energy use for cooling. We use this model to gain predictive insights into energy use demand due to ongoing warming in the context of the desert city of Yuma, Arizona, where a relatively small increase in mean temperatures of ~1.5°C since the Industrial Revolution produced a 20-day increase (6%) in cooling days annually. Our study expands the EMSI model of thermal regulation to the previously missing hot part of the model, thereby gaining insights into the unique challenges of sustaining extra-metabolic thermoregulation in the face of global warming.

High volume of slag and polypropylene fibres in engineered cementitious composites: microstructure and mechanical properties

The use of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) is increasing owing to its high tensile strength and ductility; however, little attention has been paid to substitutes for its ingredients. Blast furnace slag instead of fly ash and polypropylene (PP) fibres instead of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres may be considered to be appropriate alternative substitutes. Therefore, the present study aimed to produce an ECC with a large proportion of slag and PP fibres that would achieve high strength and ductility characteristics and create controlled microcracking behaviour under tensile stresses (i.e. strain-hardening behaviour). The specimens made from ECC thus prepared were subjected to compressive, four-point bending, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. The results showed that a slag/cement ratio of 0.5 in ECC led to the highest compressive strength (55.6 MPa) and modulus of rupture (MOR) (7.0 MPa), while the corresponding energy absorption was fairly high. The results of XRD and SEM analyses indicated that applying the slag/cement ratio of 0.5 led to a homogenous cement matrix and produced the highest calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) in the ECC microstructure. Finally, to predict the load–deflection of specimens, a three-part model was proposed and verified with other available data.

Hate Influencers’ Mediation of Hate on Telegram: “We Declare War Against the Anti-White System”

Hate influencers play a critical role in platforming hate. In this article, we illustrate how visible (forward-facing) and invisible (faceless) hate influencers mobilize far-right hate groups in the mobile socio-sphere. Based on our digital multimodal walkthrough method and multimodal discourse analysis, we analyze 16 Telegram channels for two designated hate groups. We focus our analysis on Proud Boys content related to the 6 January attack on Capitol Hill and the White Lives Matter rallies across North America in 2021. To illustrate how hate influencers mobilize these groups, we introduce a three-part model that entails the process (mobile mobilization), means (discourses), and ends (actualizing the objective of the hate group).

Literary Traditionalism in Romanian Russian-Language Publications of the Second Half of the 20th Century

The author examines Romanian Russian-language publications by the representatives of literary traditionalism issued after the Second World War. The article reveals the features of Romanian literary traditionalism and the specifics of its reflection in the large magazine “Mysl”, which was the main printing body of this trend in the period between the two World wars. The article presents the history and landmarks of this magazine. The author explains complicated post-war political course attitude towards literature, aspirations of which often did not coincide with the requirements of the time. The paper concludes about the positive and negative sides of the publications of traditionalist writers in the 1960s — 1980s, where the very possibility of such publications was a positive event, and the negative one was the concealment of a much larger number of unpublished parts of the heritage of Romanian literary traditionalism behind a small number of publications. From the circle of authors of the “Mysl” magazine, successive traditionalist writers are singled out, whose works in the post-war period were published in translations into Russian. Within the framework of Romanian literary traditionalism, the author distinguishes its main directions — autochthonism and expressionism. The analysis of the differences and similarities between them is supported by the consideration of the texts of the works of representatives of both directions, reflected in Russian translations. The paper concludes on the complex three-part model of Romanian literary traditionalism, the core of which is the concept of “village”; and the author highlights the features of interaction of all the components around the centre of this model. The relevance of the article is due to the small number and inaccessibility of these publications caused by the one-time and olden publications abroad, rare publications in our country and the lack of republications.

A biological integrity framework for describing animal welfare and wellbeing

Ethical treatment of animals is the keystone of livestock production. Assessment of welfare is integral to assurance that animals experience a good life. Underpinning assurance are concepts of what constitutes good welfare, a good life and wellbeing. This review examines the concepts of welfare and wellbeing and the frameworks that have been developed for describing their scope. Historically, the tripartite model of welfare (feeling well, functioning well, leading a natural life) has been translated into the Five Freedoms (FF), Five Domains (FD), Good Life (GL), Welfare through Competence (WtC) and OIE World Organisation for Animal Health Welfare Principles frameworks. These frameworks provide scaffolds for numerous welfare assessment schemes. However, the three-part model of wellbeing (eudaimonia, hedonia, social interaction) lacks an explicit assessment framework, although FD, GL and WtC implicitly address aspects of wellbeing. Whereas positive affective (hedonic) experiences are considered to constitute positive welfare, positive aspects of eudaimonic function and social interaction are considered to be aspects of wellbeing above and beyond any indirect contribution they make to positive affective experiences (i.e. positive welfare). In this view, positive health is more than the absence of ill-health and positive social interactions are more than freedom from social isolation. New phenotypes in farm animals identified through analysis of sensor data are providing new perspectives on the functional integrity of biological processes that align well with concepts of wellbeing. These analyses draw on methods in resilience theory to examine stability in complex dynamic systems, specifically, uniformity of trajectories, periodicity of biorhythms and complexity of networks. A framework is proposed that loosely partitions FF, FD, GL and WtC into inputs, opportunities, and outcomes. The framework positions the outcome of biological integrity within the context of input constraints that can generate harms and deficiencies, and environmental opportunities that can foster acquisition of competencies and flourishing. It combines the eudaimonic, hedonic and social aspects of wellbeing within the tripartite terminology of welfare. It is hoped that the framework can help orientate new descriptions of biological function in farm animals derived from sensor data within the broader literature on welfare and wellbeing.

Marijuana on Main Streets? The Story Continues in Colombia: An Endogenous Three-part Model

Marijuana on Main Streets? The Story Continues in Colombia: An Endogenous Three-part Model

Documentation of Drug-Related Problems with ICD-11: Application of the New WHO Code-Set to Clinical Routine Data.

Drug-related problems (DRPs), i.e., adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medication errors (MEs), constitute a serious threat to the patient's safety. DRPs are often insufficiently captured by clinical routine documentation, and thus, they frequently remain unaddressed. The aim of this study was to assess the coverage and usability of the new 11th revision of the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) to document DRPs. We refined the 'Quality and Safety Algorithm' from the ICD-11 Reference Guide and used it for DRP reporting to code 100 different anonymized DRPs (50 ADRs and 50 MEs) in a German hospital. The ICD-11 three-part model consisting of harm, cause, and mode was used whenever they were applicable. Of 50 ADRs, 15 (30.0%), such as drug-induced osteoporosis, were fully classifiable and codable by the ICD-11, whereas 35 (70.0%), such as drug-induced hypokalaemia, could not be fully classified due to sanctioning rules preventing the postcoordination (i.e., a combination of specific codes, such as drug and diagnosis). However, coding without the loss of information was possible in the 35 of these 35 (100.0%) ADR cases when we were deviating from the cluster code order of the Reference Guide. In all 50 MEs, the mode could be encoded, but for none of the MEs, postcoordination, i.e., the assignment of the ME to a specific drug, was allowed. In conclusion, the ICD-11 three-part model enables us to acquire more detailed documentation of DRPs than the previous ICD versions did. However, the codability, documentation, and reporting of DRPs could be significantly improved by simple modifications of the current ICD-11 sanctioning rules and by the addition of new ICD-11 codes.

Трехчастная модель политики идентичности в системе обеспечения национальной безопасности

The article analyzes current issues to ensure national security, national interests and sovereignty of the Russian Federation in the socio-cultural and humanitarian spheres. The author examines the practical and theoretical significance of the three-part model of state identity politics proposed by V.Sh. Surguladze in the monograph «Identity Politics in the Realities of Ensuring National Security».

КОСМОПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ МИРА В РАННЕМ ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ЮРИЯ КУЗНЕЦОВА

The purpose of this article is to consider the cosmopolitan aspect of Yuri Kuznetsov’s early works. Kuznetsov was the Russian poet of the 2nd half of the 20th century. The main method of research for us is the method of ontological poetics, and elements of interdisciplinary and comparative analysis. It allows us to consider an artistic text in the context of consciousness and subconsciousness, archetypes and phenomena of the surrounding being. They, in turn, form a personal author’s myth. Yuri Kuznetsov creates his own poetic myth based on the real events of his own biography. In particular, the phenomenon of war has a key influence on it. The author is a “children of war” generation representative (born in 1941). His father died at the front in 1944. This fact determines Yuri Kuznetsov’s further outlook and path in literature. The article examines a number of the poet’s early poems. The opposition of Nature and War concepts can already be traced to each other at this stage. The latter is portrayed as an unnatural phenomenon that hinders the development of personality. Nature symbolizes life and natural dynamics, and War symbolizes halt and death, lack of dynamics. It comes into direct conflict with the laws of Nature. The leitmotif of the poet’s early work is the idea of man and nature’s unity. Such unity, in the end, allows us to build a progressive cosmopolitan model of the Home-Universe. It consists of three parts: Family-Home, Motherland-Home, and Planet-Home. The cosmopolitan orientation of Yuri Kuznetsov’s poems is manifested in his craving for the idea of “world citizenship”. At the same time, the fundamentally important fact is not the rejection of the Motherland and one’s own cultural identity, but their inclusion in a common threefold ontological model. The article also attempts to compare Yuri Kuznetsov’s work with the ideas of Russian symbolism representatives of the early 20th century. Conclusion. Based on the interdisciplinary analysis of the literary text, here are the following research results: 1. In poet Yuri Kuznetsov’s early works there is a process of upward movement along the vertical axis: from the personal myth and the lyrical “I/me” to the universal human experience. The latter, at the same time, is a unifying factor leading to the formation of an anti-war position. 2. The poet’s early works use cosmopolitan motives in the context of the verb “to create” which is semantically equivalent to the verbs “to generate” and “to build”, as well as connotatively close to the ontological processes of dynamics and movement. The verb “to create” is also opposed to the concept of War and is considered as part of the author`s anti-war position. Creativity acts both as an anti-destructive manifesto and as a means of uniting elements of the artistic world scattered by war. We should note that the author’s artistic world is closely connected with his biography and personal family history. 3. Through creativity Yuri Kuznetsov attempts to comprehend the phenomenon of War in three interdependent contexts: family, country and planet (“all people”). This approach allows us to come to the conclusion that war is incompatible with the natural course of things, that is, in fact, with the laws of Nature. 4. The sphere of the unconscious plays a key role in the formation of the author’s anti-war position and the stepped three-part model of the House. One more important connotation of the verb “to create” is connected with it. This connotation can be defined as the process of integrating the personal author’s unconscious into the collective unconscious (“great”). At the same time, a prerequisite for successful integration is a “storm”, a certain dynamic involving vertical ascent. The conclusions of such integration lead the author to the idea of “world citizenship” and universal interconnection. This, in turn, forms an anti-war position based on the similarity of the two sides in the “friend-foe” opposition.

Актуальные проблемы изучения нартского эпоса

The research aims to identify the main issues in the study of the Nart epic and to reveal the picture of the epic universe by providing insight into archaic semantics of mythoepical images, motifs and episodes. The paper analyses approaches to solving the issue of determining the national primary basis of the epic. The paper addresses the inconsistency of determining the original core of epic tales based on typologically similar plots and motifs; identifies the plots and motifs in the Nart legends of the Ossetians reflecting the three-part model of the world; substantiates the necessity of studying the Nart mythological worldview in all the national versions in order to clarify their relationship. Scientific novelty of the research lies in proposing a new approach to determining the primary basis of the epic through the analysis of the Nart mythological worldview in the national versions. The research findings have allowed the author to determine the plots and motifs characterising the national features of the Nart mythological worldview in the epic tales of the Ossetians. Revealing the Nart worldview makes it possible to distinguish between the national and the typological features of plots and motifs, which in turn helps to identify the genesis of the national versions of epic tales.

Emotional burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals

Currently, one of the most pressing concerns of labor psychology and healthcare is emotional burnout in healthcare professionals. During the COVID- 19 pandemic this condition has become very significant due to it takes a lot of physical, phychoemotional and ethical commitment of medical personnel. Emotional burnout is a syndrome that derives from chronic stress and leads to the depletion of personal, emotional, and energy resources of a person in the professional life. It is an dynamic sequential process and relevant to stress stages (the alarm stage, the resistance stage and the exhaustion stage). There are many various factors inducing the burnout syndrome: social, political, economic, bureaucratic, etc. In the process of studying this phenomenon, different models of emotional burnout were proposed. The most famous model is the three-part model of burnout by С. Maslach, which includes emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and a decrease in personal achievements. In Russia V. V. Boyko has been studying the burout phenomenon. There are three main stages of emotional burnout (alarm, resistance and exhaustion), which have a close connection to stress stages; each stage has a specific combination of symptoms. According to a number of authors, burnout syndrome is closely related to empathy, therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between the level of empathy and the degree of emotional burnout in healthcare professionals for planning further psychological support for the prevention of this syndrome.

Assessing gender parity in intrahousehold allocation of educational resources: Evidence from Bangladesh

• Gender gap study in intrahousehold allocation of educational resources in Bangladesh. • Three-part model built for analyzing hou seholds with secondary school age children. • Profemale bias found in enrollment from double-difference and three-part models. • Promale bias found in total education expenditure and core share among enrollees. • Female Stipend Programs partially explain this contradirectional bias. Gender parity in education—an important global development goal—has been primarily measured through school enrollment, and the gender parity in education quality has received limited attention until recently. We address this issue by highlighting the intrahousehold allocation of education expenditure. We extend the hurdle model into a three-part model to enable decomposition of households’ education decisions into enrollment, total education expenditure, and share of the total education expenditure on the core component, or items relating to the quality of education such as private tutoring. We apply this model to four rounds of nationally representative household surveys from Bangladesh, a country that offers a unique setting in South Asia with the Female Stipend Programs (FSPs), a nationwide gender-targeted conditional cash transfer program. We demonstrate a strong profemale bias in the enrollment decision but contrasting promale bias in the other two decisions, conditional on enrollment. We argue that this contradirectional gender gap is unique to Bangladesh and that it can be explained partly by the FSPs. Both the three-part model and a separate analysis of double-difference model show that the FSPs promoted girls’ secondary school enrollment. However, the FSPs did not narrow the gender gap in the intrahousehold allocation of educational resources. Consistently, we find a gender gap in on-time completion of secondary school. Our findings collectively highlight the complex interplay of intrahousehold decisions and underscore the importance of minding the gender gap in the quality of education and implementing complementary policies to address it in developing countries.