Thin Layer Chromatography Studies Research Articles

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Mouth Wash

The importance of oral and dental hygiene has been known from the beginning of civilization to the 21st century. Patients and dentists are faced with a wide variety of mouthwash products containing a variety of active and inactive ingredients. Making an informed decision about the suitability of a particular product for a particular patient can be a complex task. Many popular herbal products help fight plaque and periodontal disease, but they have only been used for a short time and only as an adjunct to other oral hygiene measures such as brushing and flossing. Natural mouthwashes may offer significant advantages over chemical mouthwashes. If a mouthwash can be developed using natural products that can be easily prepared at home and is safe to use, it could lead to an improvement in people's overall dental health. A variety of natural ingredients and materials have been used in this study. Thin layer chromatography was then performed to confirm the quality of the materials used. Subsequently, physical evaluation, pH measurement, stability studies, thin layer chromatography and antibacterial studies were carried out. The study concluded that the developed herbal mouthwash is a significant, therapeutically effective and suitable drug delivery agent with undoubtedly high potential, albeit at a low cost. Therefore, increased use of herbal preparations is necessary to avoid side effects. This study is an attempt to outline natural substances that can be used as effective mouthwashes.

Coupling thin layer chromatography with mass spectrometry for detection and identification of sertraline and its metabolite in the urine

The aim of the study was to detect sertraline and its metabolites in urine under standardized thin layer chromatography (TLC) screening conditions and identify the metabolites using the mass spectrometry method. Materials and methods. Urine samples, collected within 30 hours in portions of 20–50 mL, commenced from the seventh hour after the administration of a single therapeutic dose of the drug. The sample preparation process involved dilute acid hydrolysis, followed by the extraction of the native compound and metabolites with chloroform at a pH of 8–9. Thin layer chromatography studies of the extracts were conducted using four unified TLC systems recommended by The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists for general drug screening. Chromatograms were subjected to color reactions with a variety of chromogenic reagents. For the analysis of eluates from chromatograms, a Varian 1200 L mass spectrometer (Netherlands) equipped with a dual quadrupole mass analyzer was employed. Identification was performed through direct sample introduction into the ion chamber, electron-impact ionization (70 eV), and full ion scanning mode. Results. The spot of the native drug on the chromatogram was identified by the Rf, value. Metabolite of sertraline was identified as N-desmethyltrihydroxysertraline by the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. Conclusions. The study demonstrated the ability of TLC to detect sertraline and its metabolite, N-desmethyltrihydroxysertraline, in urine after the administration of a single therapeutic dose of the drug. The chromatographic mobility of the native compound and N-desmethyltrihydroxysertraline in the unified TLC screening systems, along with the results of their visualization using chromogenic reagents for toxicological drug screening, was determined. Furthermore, the potential of coupling TLC with mass spectrometry for the separation, detection, and confirmatory identification of sertraline and its metabolic products in urine was established.

Bioprospecting of Adhatoda vasica for Identification of Novel Compounds using Chromatographic Methods and Screening for Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Activity

This investigation column eluted fractions of leaf Adhatoda vasica of was assessed for its phytochemical screening, column chromatography, thin layer chromatographic studies, protease activity, anti-inflammatory activity, antidiabetic activity and antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening reflects the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, emodin’s, Quinone’s. Column chromatography method was used for purification of bioactive compounds. Thin layer chromatographic study was carried out by using various solvent system of different type of polarity of n- butanol, acetic acid and acetone. TLC profiling shows pure band at 254nm and 366 nm. The strong “proteolytic activity” also pointed out in purified fraction of eluted fraction. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation fraction 3, showing highest activity 75% followed by fraction 5 (62.73%), membrane stabilization assay fraction 6 (80.23%) followed by fraction 3 (64.65%) and proteinase inhibitory activity of fraction 5(88%) followed by fraction 7 (87.68%) at concentration 500 µg/ml. Aspirin (90.87%) was used as standard drug for the study of anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro antidiabetic activity was performed using Alfa amylase inhibition assay. Highest activity was showed in fraction 4 (79.05 %) and fraction 5 (77.05 %) at concentration 500 µg/ml. Antioxidant activity was performed by reducing power assay fraction number 2 has higher absorbance 1.04 at 500µg/ml followed by reducing power of column eluted fraction was compared with ascorbic acid as standard showing higher absorbance 0.93 at 500µg/ml.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF 4-THIAZOLIDINONE ANALOGUES OF 2-AMINO-5-CHLOROPYRIDINE

The synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones of 2-amino-5-chloropyridine was performed by novel method of stirring involving the cyclocondensation of the appropriate Schiffs bases (2a–c) with thioglycolic acid, followed by the addition of zinc chloride in the presence of molecular sieves. Characterization of the synthesized compounds, determination of purity and identity of the compounds using following spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques- Solubility,Thin Layer Chromatographic studies, Ultra-Violet studies,Rotational and vibrational studies (FT-IR), 1H-NMR studies. The compounds were investigated for their Anticonvulsant activity by isoniazid induced convulsions in mice model.Compound3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl) thiazolidin-4-one(3c)was found to be the most activeand compound 3-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) thiazolidin-4-one (3a) was found to be less active among the tested compound according to pharmacological evaluation exhibited anticonvulsant activity.

Identification of Substances from the Extracts of Sea Weeds Grateloupia Filicina and Gracelaria Corticata from Visakhapatnam Coast Using Chromatography Techniques.

Sea weeds belonging to the Rhodophyceae (red algae) are an important source of bio active substances of medicinal value. Many of these substances are used in the drug development to treat diseases caused by bacterial and fungal infections, inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well as cancerous diseases. The paper chromatographic studies reveals that Grateloupia filicina contained photosynthetic pigment carotene and Gracelaria corticata contained the amino acid leucine. The thin layer chromatographic studies indicates that Grateloupia filicina contained amino acid phenylalanine and Gracelaria corticata contains Leucine. All the three substances having pharmaceutical importance

Synthesis, Computational and Pharmacological Evaluation of 7-(2-(2- (3- (Substituted Phenyl) Acryloyl) Phenoxy) Ethoxy)-4-Methyl-2H-Chromen- 2-Ones as CNS Agents.

Motivated by the exciting biological potential for the use of hybrid molecules in medicine and therapy. It is anticipated that the coumarin-chalcone hybrids for skeletal muscle and antianxiety action will be investigated using a chemical hybridization technique. Due to its numerous benefits, including high effectiveness, mode of action at receptors, minimal adverse effects, and improved pharmacokinetic features, naturally occurring and synthesized hybrid compounds are prospective sources for novel drug development techniques. In opinion of these applications, we here designed some coumarin-chalcone hybrids and explored them for skeletal muscle and antianxiety potential. Using a chemical hybridization strategy, coumarin-chalcone hybrids have been synthesized and evaluated for skeletal muscle and antianxiety activity. The target compounds were synthesized by reaction of 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarion with haloalkane to afford 7-(2- bromoethoxy)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one which was further treated with hydroxychalcones. The structures of target compounds were confirmed on the basis of their Melting Point, Thin Layer Chromatography, IR, 1HNMR and Mass studies. The computational properties of target compounds were also determined through online software. Skeletal muscle and antianxiety potential were performed in Swiss albino mice. The coumarin-chalcones hybrids showed skeletal muscle and antianxiety potential in Swiss albino mice and computational properties of the target compounds were also showed similarity as compared with diazepam. Among the target compounds, the fluoro group containing compound was found to be more potent as compared to the standard drug diazepam.

Pharmacognostic evaluation and development of quality control parameters for Berg-e-Bed-Sada (leaf of Salix alba L.)

In the Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani (ASU) systems of medicine, Salix alba L. is used as a remedy for a number of illnesses like rheumatic inflammation, painful muscles, fever, diarrhea, jaundice, gout, leucoderma (vitiligo), jaundice, etc. The current study revealed macro-, micromorphology, powder microscopy, physicochemical, high-performance thin layer chromatography and quality control factors studies to authenticate and standardize the leaf of S. alba. The microscopic analysis of powder drug showed various identification characters such as trichomes, druses of calcium oxalate crystals, crystal fibers, etc. Whereas, different physicochemical parameters like moisture content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, alcohol extractive, and water extractive were also standardized within permitted limits. Likewise, all quality control factors, including heavy metals, microbiological load, aflatoxins, and pesticide residue were determined to be within acceptable ranges, evidencing that the use of Salix alba leaf is safe and lacks of dangerous toxins. The purposeful and unintentional use of adulterants and substitutes are regular malpractices in the trade of herbal raw materials. As a result, this study helps to fix the standards for S. alba leaf, which can help in preventing drug adulteration, substitution, incorrect identification, and authentication.

Development and Validation of Analytical Standards of Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) shell based on Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Chromatographic Techniques

Background: Cocos nucifera Linn. belongs to the Arecaceae family and is the only accepted species from the genus Cocos. Coconut shell is a usually discarded material from the plant source Cocos nucifera Linn. However, scientifically validated data regarding the chemical and conforming therapeutic profile of Coconut shell is not available till date. It is important to develop analytical standards of Coconut shell using pharmacognostic, phytochemical and chromatographic techniques. Materials and Methods: The present analytical study was designed to determine the organic compounds present in the active fraction of dried ripe Coconut shell and to develop drug standards using powder microscopy, quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis and TLC techniques. Results: Powder microscopy and preliminary phytochemical analysis of Cocos nucifera Linn. endocarp indicated the presence of high fibre content in the drug. Further studies revealed the test drug as a rich source of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids and tannins. Bioactive chemical profile and analytical standards of the test drug were derived by Thin Layer Chromatographic studies as well. Conclusion: The findings of the current research work ensued in establishing the botanical and analytical standards for Coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn.) shell.

Fructooligosaccharides as molecular markers of geographic origin, growing region, genetic background and prebiotic potential in strawberries: A TLC, HPAEC-PAD and FTIR study

Strawberries are one of the most consumed fruits worldwide. Scientific research has revealed unique nutraceutical properties, mainly steaming from their content of polyphenols and fructooligosaccharides (FOS), well known prebiotics. Here, we report the fingerprint (chemical composition) of strawberries as molecular markers of geographical origin, growing region, and genetic background, after analyzing different strawberry varieties grown and collected in Mexico and Canada by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy – principal component analysis (FTIR-PCA). The most abundant carbohydrates in all cases were glucose and fructose. The highest levels of sucrose were observed in Canada-grown strawberries, while Mexico-grown varieties presented the highest FOS abundance. There were clear and distinct patterns correlating FOS isomers determined by HPAEC-PAD and geographic origin. FTIR-PCA second derivative spectra also allowed the classification and differentiation of all strawberry varieties grown in both countries. We suggest that carbohydrates fingerprinting could be associated to specific environmental growing conditions, and not only to genetic makeup.

NEUROPHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF DOLICHANDRONE ATROVIRENS (ROTH) LEAF EXTRACTS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sedative and anxiolytic property of the leaves of the Dolichandrone atrovirens (D. atrovirens) The chloroform and ethanolic extracts of leaves were analysed for their phytochemical constituents by phytochemical screening and thin layer chromatography studies. The acute toxicity in albino mice showed no clinical signs of toxicity in the 2000 mg kg-1 dose administration orally. The extracts were orally administered to the group of animals to study the neuropharmacology activity, such as sleep induced by drugs methods, spontaneous motor co-ordination, locomotor activity, hole board test and light dark test. The extracts significantly (p<0.001) prolonged the sleeping time of mice, reduced motor co-ordination and anxiety. The results obtained from these experimental models confirmed that chloroform and ethanolic extracts of leaves of D. atrovirens possess central nervous depressant activity and anxiolytic activity. The ethanolic extract shows better activity compared to chloroform extract.

Antioxidant Study of Coffea Cruda

Background: Coffea cruda (family Rubiaceae) has great therapeutic significance in Indian system of medicine due to its rich antioxidant activity. Coffea cruda is the major source of antioxidant compounds as it has strong ability to inhibit the process of oxidation in the body which attributes to its high antioxidant activity. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate antioxidant study of Coffea cruda alcoholic extract. Objectives:The present study was designed to investigate the HPTLC study and anti-oxidant activity of of Coffea cruda alcoholic extract. Materials and methods: Anti-oxidant activity of alcoholic extract of Coffea cruda was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Total phenol, Total flavonoid content, ABTS and FRAP assay methods. Whereas, HPTLC study performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plate where, mobile phase used was toluene: acetone (7:3, v/v). HPTLC UV detection was performed at 254 nm. Results:The result revealed that different antioxidant assays of alcoholic extract of Coffea cruda seed shows prominent antioxidant activity and High performance thin layer chromatography study indicates the presence of alkaloid compound caffeine in chloroform extract of Coffea cruda. Conclusion:The present study justifies Coffea cruda medicinal usage in traditional medicines. High antioxidant potentials are the reason for its cure and healing properties.

Evaluation of the healing properties of Garcinia brasiliensis extracts in a cutaneous wound model

Wound healing is a complex process that can leave pathological scars, especially in case of infections from opportunistic microorganisms. In this context, herbal medicines open up great possibilities for investigation. One of the species of interest native to Brazil is Garcinia brasiliensis ("bacupari"). Traditionally known for treating wounds and ulcers, G. brasiliensis presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobials properties. But, its wound healing profile in experimental models, in order to validate its efficacy, is still litle studied. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate, in an infected cutanous wound model, the potential of formulations incorporated with G. brasiliensis leaves extracts. Crude extract (CE), Ethyl Acetate Fraction (EAF) and Hexanic Fraction (HF) were submitted to phytochemical assays, high performance thin layer chromatography (HTPLC) and cytotoxicity studies. CE and EAF were also tested for microbicidal properties and incorporated in cream and gel formulations at 10% concentration. After stability testing, the gel formulations with CE or EAF at 10% were selected and applied to skin wounds infected or not with Staphylococcus aureus in Wistar rats. The healing potenttial of the extracts was verified by the expression of the protein Annexin A1 (AnxA1), related to the processes of inflammation and antifibrotic function, the cells immunostaining for Gasdermin-D (GSDM-D), a marker of pyroptotic cell death, and the dosage of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 inflammatory mediators. Phytochemical studies indicated the presence of compounds of pharmacological interest, including Catechin, Quercetin and Berberine in addition to low cytotoxicity of CE and EAF at 10%. After the 6-day topical treatments, CE and EAF gel formulations demonstrated to control the pruritus formation process. The treatments decreased AnxA1 expression and the amount of cells immunostained for GSDM-D, and increased the expression of MCP-1 in infected wounds. Together, the results show important anti-inflammatory profile and skin healing potential of CE and EAF from G. brasiliensis leaves, even in infected lesions, with therapeutic perspectives.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Herbal Plant: Alangium lamarkii (Alangiaceae)

Alangium lamarkii (Alangiaceae) is commonly known as “Ankol”. In Ayurveda the leaves of the plant is useful in treatment of inflammations, blood disorders, burning sensation, spermatorrhoea, gleets, acute fever and lumbago. The root is acrid, pungent, heating, anthelmintic and alterative and useful in treatment of biliousness and inflammations etc.. The root bark is used in piles whereas fruits are considered as purgative, expectorant and carminative. In order to ensure the use of genuine and authentic material in the preparation of herbal formulations, pharmacognostical and phytochemical methods of standardization of the plant has been carried out in the present work. Macroscopic, microscopic and physico-chemical characters of the leaves of Alangium lamarkii has been carried out. Preliminary phytochemical analysis and thin layer chromatographic studies have been performed on the various extracts of the leaves of Alangium lamarkii. All these pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies can be used as a diagnostic tool for the correct identification of the plant and also to test adulteration if any.

PHYSICO - CHEMICAL AND HPTLC STUDIES OF LIMONIA CRENULATA (ROOT)

Herbal medicines have gained popularity as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of many diseases due to their high efficacy and low side effects. With increasing demand for safer drugs, attention has been drawn to the identity, purity and strength of the herbal medicines. Hence, there is a need for standardization and development of reliable quality protocols using modern techniques of analysis for the herbal drugs. In the present paper an attempt was made to lay down the pharmacopoeial standards of Limonia crenulata Roxb. (Root) based on its physico-chemical and HPTLC analysis. Determination of physico-chemical parameters such as total ash, acid insoluble ash, water and alcohol soluble extractive values and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) studies of the chloroform extract of the plant material were carried out. The solvent system, Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (5: 2: 0.1) efficiently resolved the components present in the crude extract. The physico-chemical and HPTLC studies on root of Limonia crenulata yielded a set of qualitative and quantitative parameters or standards that can serve as an important source of information to ascertain the identity and to determine the quality and purity of the plant material. These studies enable the identification of the plant material for future investigation and form an important aspect of drug studies.

Pharmacognostic Evaluation and Establishment of Quality Parameters of Leaves of Prosopis cineraria

The present work focus to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies on the leaves of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce (family: Fabaceae). The plants resources which are used in pharmaceutical formulation standardization was evaluated on the basis of various organoleptic properties, physical characteristics, and physico-chemical properties. Different Physicochemical parameters ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, foreign matter, fluorescence analysis, pH, TLC and HPLC were evaluated. Macroscopically seeds the total ash, acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash were found to be 7.06%, 3.14%, and 69.3% w/w respectively. Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water soluble extractive values (hot)were 4.865 %, 19.092 %, 12.19%, 24.82%w/w respectively. The pH of 1% and 10% aqueous solution was found to be 6.4 and 6.8 respectively. Primary phytochemical screening indicated the existence of sterols, tannins, flavonoids, amino acids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, saponins and alkaloids. Thin layer chromatographic studies also had been done on ethanolic and hexane extracts. HPTLC fingerprinting is a valuable method for the quantitative determination of phytochemicals present herbal medicine. HPTLC fingerprinting Showing the presence of Gallic acid in ethonolic extract.Rf value calculated and repoted.in plant organoleptic and physico-chemical properties changed due to geographical diversity and time of collection of sample. The present work therefore, attempts to report necessary pharmacognostical and standardization parameters the leaves of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce (family: Fabaceae) which will help to identify and development of the drug.

Pharmacognostic study of roots and aerial parts of less explored Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC.from Betaab Valley, Pahalgam, Kashmir, India

Plant derived products have sparked considerable attention due to their versatile applications. The plants are among the richest bio-resource of drugs for traditional and modern medicines and leads for synthetic drug development and various pharmaceutical intermediates. Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC. is reported as a medicinal herb of Apiaceae family. It is also known as White-leaf Hogweed and traditionally reported to be effective in various disease conditions like skin diseases, sunburn, and external tumours. The present work deals with the pharmacognostic evaluations of root and aerial parts of H. candicans. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis was carried out along with various physicochemical analysis, phytochemical screening as well as thin layer chromatography studies. Moreover, the presence of heavy toxic metals by ICP-OES method was also evaluated. The pharmacognostic studies of H. candicans showed the presence of prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, anomocytic stomata, reticulate and spiral xylem vessels along with lignified fibres with two types of covering trichomes. Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the occurrence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, phytosterols, diterpenes, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, fats and oils. The estimation of various physicochemical constants could be beneficial in determining various quality control standards for crude drug. The findings from this study would be beneficial for the identification of H. candicans.

In Vitro Cytotoxic activity of Rhinacanthin Enriched Extract from Leaves of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz., (Acanthaceae) against Neuroblastoma Cell Line

In the present study, the shade dried powdered leaves of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz., was subjected to maceration with ethyl acetate, concentrated and evaporated to dryness. The ethyl acetate extract was subjected to anion exchange column chromatography and the isolated rhinacanthin enriched extract was analyzed by thin layer chromatography and fourier-transform infrared studies. In the present study, the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the rhinacanthin rich extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L) Kurz., over SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and compared with the standard drug doxorubicin. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, quinones, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acids and tannins. The thin layer chromatography profiling showed the presence of secondary metabolites in various mobile phase systems. Fourier-Transform Infrared analysis of rhinacanthin enriched extract confirmed the presence of functional groups including 1, 4-quinone carbonyl component. The results of in vitro cell line studies revealed a dose dependent cytotoxic effect on human neuroblastoma cell lines with an IC50 value of 88.9 μg/ml. Thus the results validate the potential of rhinacanthin enriched extract against neuroblastoma cancer and based on this initial screening, further studies at elucidation of its molecular mechanism as cancer therapeutics can be undertaken.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE WHOLE PLANT OF NEPTUNIA PROSTRATA L. IN CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED RATS

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of the whole plant of Neptunia Prostrata L.
 Methods: The whole plant was collected and identified as Neptunia Prostrata L. The collected plants were shade dried and pulverized to fine powdered of particle size (#) 40. It was then defatted with petroleum ether for 24 hour and soaked with methanol and ethanol, respectively. The extracts was filtered and distilled off using a rotary evaporator. The phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out and thin layer chromatography study was also done. Acute toxicity study and in vivo hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract using CCL4 (carbon tetra chloride) induced model was investigated.
 Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides (saponins), flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic, steroids and terpenoids. Thin-layer chromatography of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts with their fractions using different solvents were performed by taking petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (2:8) as mobile phase system and were able to observe the presence of many spots. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Neptunia prostrata at doses till 2000 mg/kg was found safe and shows good hepatoprotective activity by showing decreased levels of serum SGOT (serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase), SGPT (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) when compared with the standard drug silymarin.
 Conclusion: The preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol and ethanolic extract shows phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and chromatographic studies indicates the presence of several components in varying abundance. The decrease of serum bilirubin level by the methanolic extract of the plant shows hepatoprotective activity. It has confirmed the traditional claim for its use in the treatment of jaundice.

High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting and antioxidant study of Mangifera indica mother tincture

Background Mangifera indica is widely used in the Homoeopathy systems of medicine. In Homoeopathy, Mang. ind. is one of the indicated medicines for passive haemorrhages, uterine, renal and gastric problems. Mangiferin is a xanthanoid present in leaves, stalks barks, peel and kernel of the mango plant. Mangiferin has antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and analgesic properties. Therefore in the current study, we have tried to identify mangiferin and its antioxidant properties in Mang. ind. homoeopathic mother tincture. Objective The aim of the present study wais to identify Mangiferin, Total Phenol Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) in Mang. ind. homoeopathic mother tincture. Materials and Methods Mangiferin (A) was used as a primary reference standard and in sample In-house prepared mother tincture (B) and two different market samples (C and D) were used. An authentic sample of Mang. ind. bark was received from the Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy, Emerald, Tamil Nadu, India for preparation of in house mother tincture. Results We have successfully identified Mangiferin in Mang. ind. in-house prepared mother tincture (B) and two market samples (C and D) by HPTLC. Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) was determined by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Conclusion High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography study confirms the presence of Mangiferin whereas U. V spectroscopy proves to be a useful tool for in-vitro antioxidant assay study.

Isolation, Characterization and Phytochemical Evaluation of Active Compound Coumarin from Oldenlandia corymbosa (Linn)

Medicinal plants have served through ages, as a constant source of medicaments for the exposure of a variety of diseases. Plants are known to provide cures for various human illnesses and are a rich source of phyto constituents having diversified pharmacological properties. Oldenlandia corymbosa (L.) (syn. Hedyotis corymbosa Lam., Thai name Ya-Lin-Ngu), a member of the family Rubiaceae, is widely distributed in tropical regions of Asia. The decoction of whole plants is used in traditional medicine for antipyretic purposes to decrease body temperature. Pharmacologically, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties of plant extracts have been reported. This plant is well known to contain mainly iridoid glucosides. The whole plant contains reducing sugars, amino acids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides and alkaloids. The present aim of the study is to extraction and isolation of bioactive compound from Oldenlandia corymbosa (L.). The isolation and characterization analysis included, Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, GC-MS and Spectroscopy studies (IR, NMR, and MASS). The presences of coumarin in the methanolic fraction revealed that the isolated constituent is most active compound. Isolation of bioactive compound coumarin may help in identification of various pharmacological activities and carrying out further research in Oldenlandia corymbosa (L.).