Thermodynamics Of BTZ Black Hole Research Articles

Thermodynamics of BTZ black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics

Thermodynamics of BTZ black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics

Revisiting the thermodynamics of the BTZ black hole with a variable gravitational constant* *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12275216, 12105222, 12247103)

The thermodynamics of BTZ black holes are revisited with a variable gravitational constant. A new pair of conjugated thermodynamic variables are introduced, including the central charge C and chemical potential μ. The first law of thermodynamics and the Euler relationship, instead of the Smarr relationship in the extended phase space formalism, are matched perfectly in the proposed formalism. Compatible with the standard extensive thermodynamics of an ordinary system, the black hole mass is verified to be a first order homogeneous function of the related extensive variables, and restores the role of internal energy. In addition, the heat capacity has also resulted in a first order homogeneous function using this formalism, and asymptotic behavior is demonstrated at the high temperature limit. The non-negativity of the heat capacity indicates that the rotating and charged BTZ black holes are thermodynamically stable.

Extended thermodynamics and complexity in gravitational Chern-Simons theory

We study several aspects of the extended thermodynamics of BTZ black holes with thermodynamic mass M=alpha m+gamma frac{j}{ell } and angular momentum J = αj + γℓm, for general values of the parameters (α, γ) ranging from regular (α = 1, γ = 0) to exotic (α = 0, γ = 1). We show that there exist two distinct behaviours for the black holes, one when α > γ (“mostly regular”), and the other when γ < α (“mostly exotic”). We find that the Smarr formula holds for all (α, γ). We derive the corresponding thermodynamic volumes, which we find to be positive provided α and γ satisfy a certain constraint. The dependence of pressure on volume is unremarkable and strictly decreasing when α > γ, but a maximum volume emerges for large J ≫ T when γ > α; consequently an exotic black hole of a given horizon circumference and temperature can exist in two distinct anti de Sitter backgrounds. We compute the reverse isoperimetric ratio, and study the Gibbs free energy and criticality conditions for each. Finally we investigate the complexity growth of these objects and find that they are all proportional to the complexity of the BTZ black hole. Somewhat surprisingly, purely exotic BTZ black holes have vanishing complexity growth.

Quantum corrections to thermodynamics of BTZ black hole

The motivation behind this study is to enumerate the leading order corrections to the thermodynamics of BTZ black hole (named after three scientists; Banados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli). We first analyze the effect of quantum corrections (motivated from string theory and loop quantum gravity) on various thermodynamic variables for uncharged and stationary BTZ black hole. We, later on, endow charges and rotations to the same black hole and rederive all the expressions once again. The comparative analysis is done between the corrected and uncorrected thermodynamics via plots.

Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of induced Liouville gravity

In this paper we describe a Liouville gravity which is induced by a set of quantum fields (constituents) and represents a two-dimensional analog of Sakharov's induced gravity. The important feature of the considered theory is the presence of massless constituents which are responsible for the appearance of the induced Liouville field. The role of the massive constituents is only to induce the cosmological constant. We consider the instanton solutions of the Euclidean Liouville gravity with negative and zero cosmological constants, some instantons being interpreted as two-dimensional anti-de Sitter $AdS_2$ black holes. We study thermodynamics of all the solutions and conclude that their entropy is completely determined by the statistical-mechanical entropy of the massless constituents. This shows, in particular, that the constituents of the induced gravity are the true degrees of freedom of $AdS_2$ black holes. Special attention is also paid to the induced Liouville gravity with zero cosmological constant on a torus. We demonstrate the equivalence of its thermodynamics to the thermodynamics of BTZ black holes and comment on computations of the BTZ black hole entropy.