Thermal Stability Research Articles

Temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensing performance of 2D black phosphorus.

Temperature is an important parameter to be monitored in new wearable electronic devices. Layered black phosphorus (BP) has inherent good thermal stability and semiconductor properties and has a promising application as a temperature sensing layer. Here, we investigate the temperature sensing properties of BP, using in situ Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques. Flexible sensors are constructed, and temperature response is investigated in the range of 6-38 °C. The prospect application for monitoring the temperature of human body parts is demonstrated. The results show that the BP-based temperature sensors demonstrate good negative temperature coefficient characteristics and display high sensitivity and reproducible sensing performance. The temperature-dependent performance suggests the feasibility of BP as a sensitive layer in a wide temperature range. This work paves the way for exploring new applications of amazing layered materials, such as BP, in wearable electronic devices.

Structural and Biochemical Analysis of Butanol Dehydrogenase From Thermotoga maritima.

Butanol dehydrogenase (BDH) plays a crucial role in butanol biosynthesis by catalyzing the conversion of butanal to butanol using the coenzyme NAD(P)H. In this study, we observed that BDH from Thermotoga maritima (TmBDH) exhibits dual coenzyme specificity and catalytic activity with NADPH as the coenzyme under highly alkaline conditions. Additionally, a thermal stability analysis on TmBDH demonstrated its excellent activity retention even at elevated temperatures of 80°C. These findings demonstrate the superior thermal stability of TmBDH and suggest that it is a promising candidate for large-scale industrial butanol production. Furthermore, we discovered that TmBDH effectively catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes to alcohols and exhibits a wide range of substrate specificities toward aldehydes, while excluding alcohols. The dimeric state of TmBDH was observed using rapid online buffer exchange native mass spectrometry. Additionally, we analyzed the coenzyme-binding sites and inferred the possible locations of the substrate-binding sites. These results provide insights that improve our understanding of BDHs.

Supramolecular Binding of Phosphonate Dianions by Nanojars and Nanojar Clamshells.

Despite the widespread use of phosphonates (RPO32-) in various agricultural, industrial, and household applications and the ensuing eutrophication of polluted water bodies, the capture of phosphonate ions by molecular receptors has been scarcely studied. Herein, we describe a novel approach to phosphonate binding using chemically and thermally robust supramolecular coordination assemblies of the formula [RPO3⊂{cis-CuII(μ-OH)(μ-pz)}n]2- (Cun; n = 27-31; pz = pyrazolate ion, C3H3N2-; R = aliphatic or aromatic group). The neutral receptors, termed nanojars, strongly bind phosphonate anions by a multitude of hydrogen bonds within their highly hydrophilic cavities. These nanojars can be synthesized either directly from their constituents or by depolymerization of [trans-CuII(μ-OH)(μ-pz)]∞ induced by phosphonate anions. Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, UV-vis and variable-temperature, paramagnetic 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, along with chemical stability studies toward NH3 and Ba2+ ions, and thermal stability studies in solution are employed to explore the binding of various phosphonate ions by nanojars. Crystallographic studies of 12 different nanojars offer unprecedented structural characterization of host-guest complexes with doubly charged RPO32- ions and reveal a new motif in nanojar chemistry, nanojar clamshells, which consist of phosphonate anion-bridged pairs of nanojars and double the phosphonate-binding capacity of nanojars.

Thermally and Mechanically Stable Perovskite Artificial Synapse as Tuned by Phase Engineering for Efferent Neuromuscular Control.

The doping of perovskites with mixed cations and mixed halides is an effective strategy to optimize phase stability. In this study, we introduce a cubic black phase perovskite CsyFA(1-y)Pb(BrxI(1-x))3 artificial synapse, using phase engineering by adjusting the cesium-bromide content. Low-bromine mixed perovskites are suitable to improve the electric pulse excitation sensitivity and stability of the device. Specifically, the low-bromine and low-cesium mixed perovskite (x = 0.15, y = 0.22) annealed at 373 K allows the device to maintain logic response even after 1000 mechanical flex/flat cycles. The device also shows good thermal stability up to temperatures of 333 K. We have demonstrated reflex-arc behavior with MCMHP synaptic units, capable of making sensory warnings at high frequency. This compositionally engineered, dual-mixed perovskite synaptic device provides significant potential for perceptual soft neurorobotic systems and prostheses.

Effect of stigmasterol and polyglycerol polyricinoleate concentrations on the preparation and properties of rapeseed oil-based gel emulsions

Emulsion gels mimic the rheological properties of solid and semi-solid fats, offering a viable solution to replace conventional fats in low-fat food formulations. In this study, gel emulsions stabilized with stigmasterol (ST) and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) complexes were prepared. Initially, we examined the effect of the ST/PGPR complex on the mechanism of gel emulsion stabilization. Our findings revealed that the gel emulsion formulated with 3% PGPR and ST exhibited a robust structure, effectively stabilizing the entire system and ensuring uniform distribution, and increasing ST concentration led to greater stability of the gel emulsion system. Stability assessments demonstrated that gel emulsions containing 3% PGPR and varying ST concentrations exhibited remarkable thermal stability and effectively delayed oil oxidation. These results underscore the high stability of gel emulsions stabilized with the ST/PGPR complex, highlighting their potential as a margarine substitute.

Monoclonal Antibodies Engineered with Fc Region Mutations to Extend Protection against Fentanyl Toxicity.

Fentanyl and other synthetic opioids are the leading cause of drug-related deaths in the United States. mAbs that selectively target fentanyl and fentanyl analogues offer a promising strategy for treating both opioid-related overdoses and opioid use disorders. To increase the duration of efficacy of a candidate mAb against fentanyl, we selected three sets of mutations in the Fc region of an IgG1 anti-fentanyl mAb (HY6-F9DF215, HY6-F9DHS, HY6-F9YTE) to increase binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). The mAb mutants were compared against unmodified (wild-type [WT], HY6-F9WT) anti-fentanyl mAb for fentanyl binding, thermal stability, and FcRn affinity invitro, and for efficacy against fentanyl and mAb half-life invivo in mice. Biolayer interferometry showed a >10-fold increase in the affinity for recombinant FcRn of the three mutant mAbs compared with HY6-F9WT. During an acute fentanyl challenge in mice, all FcRn-mutated mAbs provided equal protection against fentanyl-induced effects, and all mAbs reduced brain fentanyl levels compared with the saline group. Serum persistence of the mutant mAbs was tested in Tg276 transgenic mice expressing human FcRn. After administration of 40 mg/kg HY6-F9WT, HY6-F9DF215, HY6-F9DHS, and HY6-F9YTE, the mAbs showed half-lives of 6.3, 26.4, 14.7, and 6.9 d, respectively. These data suggest that modification of mAbs against fentanyl to bind to FcRn with higher affinity can increase their half-life relative to WT mAbs while maintaining efficacy against the toxic effects of fentanyl, further supporting their potential role as a therapeutic treatment option for opioid use disorder and overdose.

Host-Guest Interactions of Ruthenium(II) Arene Complexes with Cucurbit[7/8]uril.

Cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]s) have been recognized for their chemical and thermal stability, and their ability to bind many neutral and cationic guest molecules makes them excellent hosts in a range of supramolecular applications. In drug delivery, CB[n]s can enhance drug solubility, improve chemical and physical drug stability, and allow for triggered and controlled release. This study aimed to investigate the ability of CB[7] and CB[8] as molecular hosts to bind ruthenium(II) arene complexes that are current anticancer lead structures in the area of metallodrugs. Both, experimental and computational methods, led to insights into the binding preferences and geometries of [RuII(cym)Cl2]2 (1; cym = η6-p-cymene), [RuII(cym)(dmb)Cl2]) (2; cym = η6-p-cymene; dmb = 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene), and [RuII(cym)(pta)Cl2] (3, RAPTA-C; cym = η6-p-cymene; pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phospha-adamantane) with CB[7] and CB[8]. Competition experiments by mass spectrometry revealed clear preferences of 2 for CB[8] and 3 for CB[7]. Based on a comparison of the associated interaction energies from quantum chemical calculations as well as experimental data, 3@CB[7] clearly prefers a binding mode, where the pta ligand is located inside the cavity of the host, and the metal ion interacts with two of the carbonyl groups on the rim of CB[7]. In contrast, complex 2 binds in two different orientations with interaction energies similar to those of both CB[n]s, with the cym ligand being either inside or outside of the cavity. These findings suggest that ruthenium(II) arene complexes are able to form stable host-guest interactions with CB[n]s, which can be exploited as drug delivery vehicles in further metallodrug development to improve their chemical stability.

Enhancing geopolymer performance with silane-functionalized graphene oxide: Efflorescence reduction, pore refinement, and improved high-temperature properties

Geopolymer materials offer environmental benefits and strong mechanical properties but face limitations such as efflorescence, shrinkage, thermal stability and poor mechanical performance at high temperatures. This study introduces a novel solution using silane-functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites (GO-APTS) to address these challenges. Experiments on metakaolin-based geopolymers demonstrate that incorporating GO-APTS improves dispersion, enhances mechanical strength, refines pore structures, and boosts resilience to high temperatures while reducing shrinkage and efflorescence, without compromising the workability of the mixes. Although the structural integrity of the material at nanoscale degrades beyond certain temperatures, the overall thermal resistance is significantly increased, with treated geopolymers displaying a ∼6 % improvement in porosity, ∼20 % higher residual compressive strength and ∼15 % reduction in shrinkage compared to control samples after exposure to heat. Our work reveals the promising potential of silanized graphene oxide nanocomposites in crafting cementitious materials suitable for high-temperature applications, paving the way for their broader use in innovative construction and industry solutions.

Two-dimensional platinum borides: A Dirac nodal line quantum electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

Two-dimensional (2D) catalysts exhibiting high carrier mobility, near-zero Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*), and an active basal plane are highly desirable for optimizing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, fusing these attributes within a solitary material encounters profound difficulties. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we have identified the PtB2 monolayer is such a candidate, demonstrating exceptional dynamical, thermal, and mechanical stability. The band structure analysis reveals that the PtB2 monolayer features double Dirac points along its high-symmetry lines. The estimated Fermi velocity of the PtB2 monolayer is as high as 7.8×105m/s, close to that of graphene. By scanning the Dirac points in the first Brillouin Zone, the Dirac points constitute a nodal-line semimetal with a loop centered at the Γ point. This nodal line is anticipated to facilitate charge transfer between the catalyst surfaces and reaction intermediates, potentially enhancing catalytic efficiency. Importantly, PtB2 monolayer boasts superior HER performance, with a nearly zero ΔGH* of 0.057 eV at its boron-dominant sites. The application of a subtle 1% strain serves to reduce its ΔGH* to an even more favorable −0.003 eV, suggesting significantly improved HER capabilities. When layered in a bilayer form, the PtB2 exhibits van der Waals (vdW) type interlayer interactions. Remarkably, we found that varying the stacking order can effectively alter the nodal line's shape and, accordingly, the PtB2 layer's catalytic properties. The distinctive combination of a Dirac nodal line, ideal Gibbs free energy, and expansive active sites positions the PtB2 monolayer as a competitive 2D quantum catalyst for hydrogen production.

Bromelain Immobilized onto Clay-Carboxymethylcellulose Composites for Improving Nutritive Value of Soybean Meal.

Improvement of nutritional value and reduction of antinutritional factors (ANFs) of soybean meal (SBM) for animal feed applications could be achieved by using bromelain immobilized onto bentonite (Bt)-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) composites. The composite with mass ratio between CMC to calcium ion (Ca2+) at 1:20 provided the highest enzyme activity, immobilization yield higher than 95%, with superior thermal and storage stabilities. Performance of the immobilized bromelain for soybean protein hydrolysis was further studied. The results showed that at 60 °C, the immobilized bromelain exhibited the highest efficiency in enzymatic hydrolysis to release free alpha amino nitrogen (FAN) as a product with high selectivity and to effectively reduce SBM allergenic proteins within 30 min. In conclusion, immobilization of bromelain onto Bt-CMC composites leads to stability enhancement of the enzyme, enabling effective improvement in SBM quality in a short treatment time and showing great potential for application in animal feed industries.

High-pressure effects on the electronic properties and photoluminescence of Ag-doped CsCu2I3.

CsCu2I3 is a popular lead-free metal halide perovskite with good thermal and air stability. To facilitate its applications in optoelectronics, Ag doping and high pressure are employed in this work to improve the optoelectronic properties of CsCu2I3. Using first-principles calculations and experiments, the structural phase change of 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3 is found to occur at about 4.0 GPa. This reveals the regulation of band structures by hydrostatic pressure. In addition, the high pressure not only increases the emission energy of photoluminescence of 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3 by more than 0.2 eV, but also increases the emission intensity by multiple times. Finally, the origin of luminescence in 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3 is attributed to the I vacancies. This work provides insight into the structure and optoelectronic properties of 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3, and offers significant guidance for the design and manufacturing of future luminescence devices.

Polyimide impregnated silver nanowire-titanium oxide core–shell nanostructures as ultra-stable flexible transparent electrode for multiple applications

Silver nanowires (AgNWs)-based flexible-transparent conducting electrode (f-TCE) have various optoelectronic applications. Although, bare AgNW-based f-TCE faces challenges of poor adhesion with the substrate, rough surface and low thermal stability. In this work, we demonstrate preparation of f-TCE by coating a very thin layer of TiO2 over AgNWs to form AgNW-TiO2 core–shell structures. Due to very thin TiO2 film in core–shell structure, the amorphous TiO2 converted into crystalline and delivered excellent conductivity at low curing temperature of 100 °C. The adhesion and roughness issues are solved by impregnating the core–shell AgNW-TiO2 within polyimide (PI) matrix. The PI impregnated AgNW-TiO2 core–shell structure as f-TCE delivered excellent stability after 5000 times of bending and number of peeling off cycles. The as prepared f-TCE delivered sheet resistance (Rs) of 8.61 Ω/sq with transmittance of 85 % at 550 nm and Rs of 4.2 Ω/sq with transmittance of 81 % when cured at 250 °C. The surface temperature of f-TCE was found to increase up to 90 °C in 40 s after applying 4 V of supply indicating its potential as transparent heater. In addition to that the CIGS solar cell fabricated by utilization of our f-TCE exhibited efficiency of 9.6 %, demonstrating its applicability for photovoltaic applications.

Heterologous expression, characterization, and application of recombinant thermostable α-amylase from Geobacillus sp. DS3 for porous starch production

Novel Geobacillus sp. DS3, isolated from the Sikidang Crater in Dieng, exhibits promising characteristics for industrial applications, particularly in thermostable α-amylase production. Recombinant technology was used to express thermostable α-amylase in E. coli BL21(DE3) to overcome high-temperature production challenges. The study aimed to express, purify, characterize, and explore potential applications of this novel enzyme. The enzyme was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) at 18 °C for 20 h with 0.5 mM IPTG induction. Purification with Ni-NTA column yielded 69.23 % from the initial crude enzyme, with a 3.6-fold increase in specific activity. The enzyme has a molecular weight of ±70 kDa (±58 kDa enzyme+11 kDa SUMO protein). It exhibited activity over a wide temperature range (30–90 °C) and pH range (6–8), with optimal activity at 70 °C and pH 6 with great stability at 60 °C. Kinetic analysis revealed Km and Vmax values of 324.03 mg/ml and 36.5 U/mg, respectively, with dextrin as the preferred substrate without cofactor addition. As a metalloenzyme, it showed the best activity in the presence of Ca2+. The enzyme was used for porous starch production and successfully immobilized with chitosan, exhibiting improved thermal stability. After the fourth reuse, the immobilized enzyme maintained 62 % activity compared to the initial immobilization.

Biologically inspired piezoresistive MEMS acoustic vector sensor for underwater applications

Underwater acoustics has assumed a pivotal role in the detection, navigation, communication, and target identification of ships and submarines. In recent years, advancements in noise reduction from marine vessels have underscored the significance of underwater acoustic vector sensors. This paper presents a novel approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of a two-dimensional Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) vector acoustic sensor tailored for underwater environments. Traditional underwater acoustic vector sensors often employ doped polysilicon or silicon/germanium sensing films on rigid silicon substrates. The inflexible nature of silicon substrates necessitates labor-intensive and costly chemical-mechanical polishing processes to achieve submicron thickness, often requiring extended clean-room usage. In contrast, this work proposes a simplified, cost-effective, and scalable alternative. The sensor design utilizes reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the sensing material and Kapton as the substrate, chosen for their unique properties. rGO exhibits high carrier mobility and low intrinsic noise, ensuring clear signals with minimal external interference, thereby improving measurement accuracy in challenging environments. Kapton provides excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance, along with superior insulating properties that reduce electrical noise, enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. The designed vector sensor leverages the piezoresistive transduction principle, incorporating a thin piezoresistive film of rGO on a flexible Kapton substrate via a straightforward drop-casting method. Inspired by the sensory mechanisms of aquatic life, the two-dimensional vector sensor not only detects pressure associated with acoustic signals but also discerns the direction from which these low and ultralow frequency signals originate. The device's performance characteristics, sensitivity, and directivity are comprehensively evaluated through static, dynamic, and acoustic tests conducted in both air and water mediums. Static tests reveal the piezoresistive behavior of rGO under applied displacement, yielding displacement sensitivities of 0.0279 V/mm and 0.0276 V/mm for axial and radial displacements, respectively. Dynamic and acoustic tests demonstrate the sensor's capability to detect low-frequency signals spanning from 0.25 Hz to 200 Hz, exhibiting a smooth and favorable frequency response. In air, the sensor exhibits receiving sensitivities ranging from −15.18 dB to −19.75 dB (X-channel) and −13.67 dB to −16.67 dB (Y-channel). In the underwater environment, these values range from −134.40 dB to −138.93 dB (X-channel) and −131.83 dB to −136.93 dB (Y-channel). Notably, the variation in receiving sensitivity across channels in both air and water is limited to within 6 dB. Furthermore, the device showcases a symmetrical directivity pattern resembling the shape of an "8," with an approximate sensitivity of −136.66 dB, a significant improvement compared to the −165 dB sensitivity of conventional polysilicon underwater vector sensors. These experimental findings affirm the feasibility of the proposed underwater vector sensor, based on the piezoresistive effect and MEMS technology, highlighting its two-dimensional directivity capabilities.

Comparative assessment of thermal oils and water as working fluids in parabolic trough collectors for enhanced solar power generation

Examining the thermal behavior of specific working fluids, namely Syltherm800 and TherminolVP-1, in parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) is imperative for enhancing power generation. This study addresses a crucial gap by conducting computational fluid dynamics simulations through COMSOL Multiphysics software and experimental tests to explore the advantages of utilizing thermal oils over water as a working fluid in PTCs. Experimental tests were performed on a water-based PTC in Iraq to validate the numerical model, considering various operating conditions such as input temperature (323.15–423.15 K) and mass flow rates (0.00926–0.0556 kg/s). Key parameters including output temperature, thermal efficiency, useful heat, and total heat losses were evaluated. The numerical model was validated against experimental data, showing good agreement with an overall discrepancy of 1.7% for the current experiments and 3.18% for literature results. The results indicated that Syltherm800, particularly with a high mass flow rate, outperformed TherminolVP-1 and water in terms of overall thermal performance. The optimal PTC thermal efficiency was achieved in July with a mass flow rate of 0.0556 kg/s and an input temperature of 348.15 K. The optimal range for PTC thermal efficiency over four months was between 50% and 70%. The endorsement of thermal oils in PTCs is supported by their low vapor pressure, superior thermal stability, and extended lifespan.

Flammability, Toxicity, and Microbiological Properties of Polyurethane Flexible Foams

The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of calcium phosphinate (HPCA) and aluminum phosphinate (HPAL) in synergistic systems with organophosphorus compounds, i.e., diphenylcresyl phosphate (CDP) and trichloropropyl phosphate (TCPP), on the thermal stability, flammability, smoke density, and emission of toxic gases during the thermal decomposition of polyurethane (PUR) foams. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), along with cone calorimetry and microcalorimetry, were used to assess the influence of fillers on the thermal stability and flammability of PUR foams. The analysis of toxic gas products was performed with the use of a coupled TG–gas analyzer system. The optical density of gases was measured with the use of a smoke density chamber (SDC). The obtained results showed an increase in thermal stability and a decrease in the flammability of the PUR composites. However, the results regarding smoke and gas emissions, as well as toxic combustion by-products, present ambiguity. On one hand, the applied flame retardant systems in the form of PUR-HPCA-CDP and PUR-HPCA-TCPP led to a reduction in the concentration of CO and HCN in the gas by-products. On the other hand, they clearly increased the concentration of CO2, NOx, and smoke emissions. Microbiological studies indicated that the obtained foam material is completely safe for use and does not exhibit biocidal properties.

Reducing the carbon footprint of Hevea rubber carbon composites using surface-modified fly ash

CO2 intensive carbon black (CB) as filler material in natural Hevea rubber-based composites needs to be partially replaced by suitable fillers. In this study, a novel surface modified filler (SuMo FA) was made by encapsulating fly ash (FA) with a polysulphide coating. This SuMo FA was hydrophobic, minimized leaching, and was morphologically ideal as partial replacement filler of CB in Hevea rubber-based composites. This SuMO fly ash and unmodified FA was compounded from 5, 10 and 20 parts per hundred rubber (phr) accounting for partial substitution of CB at 5, 10, 20 and 40 (by weight (wt%)), respectively. The tensile properties and Shore A hardness were practically unchanged with unmodified FA at 5 wt% CB replacement. SuMo FA performed better, retaining tensile properties up to 20 wt% CB replacement. Major decreases were seen only at 40 wt% CB replacement. Chemical crosslink densities decreased somewhat with increasing ash content, while thermal stability remained constant. The encapsulation reduced the leachability of toxic heavy metals from SuMo FA to below United States-Environmental Protection Agency limits opening up the use of such composites in consumer markets in addition to industrial ones. Thus, SuMo FA is a promising waste-derived filler that can be used to partially replace carbon black in rubber composites without loss of mechanical properties or thermal stability.

Rifabutin loaded inhalable β-glucan microparticle based drug delivery system for pulmonary TB

Inhalable microparticle-based anti TB drug delivery systems are being investigated extensively for Tuberculosis [TB] treatment as they offer efficient and deep lung deposition with several advantages over conventional routes. It can reduce the drug dose, treatment duration and toxic effects and optimize the drug bioavailability. Yeast derived β-glucan is a β-[1–3/1–6] linked biocompatible polymer and used as carrier for various biomolecules. Due to presence of glucan chains, particulate glucans act as PAMP and thereby gets internalized via receptor mediated phagocytosis by the macrophages. In this study, β-glucan microparticles were prepared by adding l-leucine as excipient, and exhibited 70% drug [Rifabutin] loading efficiency. Further, the sizing and SEM data of particles revealed a size of 2–4 µm with spherical dimensions. The FTIR and HPLC data confirmed the β-glucan composition and drug encapsulations efficiency of the particles. The mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] and geometric standard deviation [GSD] data indicated that these particles are inhalable in nature and have better thermal stability as per DSC thermogram. These particles were found to be non-toxic upto a concentration of 80 µg/ml and were found to be readily phagocytosed by human macrophage cells in-vitro as well as in-vivo by lung alveolar macrophage. This study provides a framework for future design of inhalable β-glucan particle based host-directed drug delivery system against pulmonary TB.

Amide wax-assisted interfacial compatibilization of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene for high-performance wood-plastic composites

ABSTRACT The interfacial compatibility between wood fibers and plastics is one of the key problems in the preparation of high-performance wood-plastic composites (WPCs). However, the current compatibilization strategy primarily relies on a single compatibilizer, but the resulting effect is less than ideal. In this study, the combination of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) and amide wax (AW) was adopted for the synergistic compatibilization of WPCs. This approach enabled the high mobility of AW to fully penetrate the surfaces and voids of wood fibers, facilitating the interfacial migration of MAPE and resulting in strong compatibilization effects. The dual compatibilization mechanism was revealed based on the results of polarized light microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As a consequence, the WPCs compatibilized by MAPE and AW compounds possessed better thermal stability, as well as slightly higher dynamic modulus and complex viscosity. The tensile strength and flexural strength of the WPCs reached to 55 and 45 MPa, increased by approximately 26% compared to the WPCs compatibilized by single MAPE. The dual compatibilization strategy can effectively solve poor interfacial adhesion of WPCs, enabling the preparation of high-performance and environmental-friendly WPCs, and also be readily extended to other composites.

Chemical Modification of Cu2O Nanoparticles with Triacetoxy(Vinyl)Silane: Enhanced Dispersion, Abrasion Resistance, and Thermal Stability in Acrylic Coatings

Chemical Modification of Cu2O Nanoparticles with Triacetoxy(Vinyl)Silane: Enhanced Dispersion, Abrasion Resistance, and Thermal Stability in Acrylic Coatings