Terminology Of Theory Research Articles

Chinese terminology studies

Abstract A single but collective, multifaceted, and multidimensional theory of terminology relies on the contributions of scholars in different ways and in different languages. Local terminology practice and exploration back-feed the general theory and jointly contribute to the completion of a comprehensive theoretical framework. This paper analyzes the application of terminology as the driving force of the discipline, which includes standardized application, domain-specific communicative application, and cross-cultural/cross-lingual application. Specifically, the characteristics of terminology translation practice in China are introduced, with terminology translation conducted as a practice of knowledge dissemination and discourse contribution bound by and affecting Chinese language. Then, several characteristics of Chinese terminology studies are introduced. It is pointed out that Chinese terminology studies, based on the answering of the local terminology problems in China, have universal value for the construction of terminology as a whole discipline.

Čitalac "s lampom na raskršću" - Kišovi koncepti čitaoca i Kiš kao čitalac

Pictured as an introduction into the study of the same name due to be published in the book Some Real And Possible Worlds, this paper focuses on Kiš as the reader of the works of others and his own works, as well as on the types of readers in his poethics. That is where the writer's concept, i. e. the concepts of readers originate from. (The study consists of the following sections: 1. The reader and narrative metalepsis in the novel Mansarda, 2. The naive and insightful reader in Garden, Ashes, and Early Sorrows, 3. The ideal reader: Hourglass 4. Muromancy. Readers of the marks on the wall in the prose of Danilo Kiš 5. The reader as an interpreter and the interpreter as a reader, 6. Kiš's explicit concept/concepts of the reader.) Although his understanding is not expressed as a firm theoretical system, thus the concept is spoken about in a wider sense, the research confirms that Kiš was one the most curious readers of his time, a writer who intensively reflected on reading, who knew well the old methodological orientations in the reading theory and followed the contemporary ones. By adopting specific terminology and typology of reading theory and modifying it according to his own writing and reading experience, by themetising the act of reading in his prose and characterising his heros by means of what they read, Kiš demonstrated astonishing inventiveness and research passion. He already showed it in the novel Mansarda, which points out those problems of reading that will be actualised and systematised by classic narratology but cleared up only later by post-classic narratology: narration in the first person and duplication/replication of the author's I, the problem of boundary beetween life and literature, narrative metalepsis etc.

МИНИМАЛЬНЫЕ ВЕРШИННЫЕ РАСШИРЕНИЯ ЦВЕТНЫХ ПОЛНЫХ ГРАФОВ

The article proposes the results of the search for minimal vertex extensions of undirected colored complete graphs. The research topic is related to the modelling of full fault tolerant technical systems with a different type of their objects in the terminology of graph theory. Let a technical system be Σ, then there is a graph G(Σ), which vertices reflects system’s objects and edges reflects connections between these objects. Type of each object reflected in a mapping of some color from F = {1,2…,i} to the corresponding vertex. System’s Σ vertex extension is a graph G(Σ) which contains additional vertices. System reflected by graph G(Σ) can work even if there are k faults of its objects. Complete graph is a graph where each two vertices have an edge between them. Complete graphs have no edge extensions because there is no way to add additional edge to the graph with a maximum number of edges. In other words, the system reflected by some complete graph cannot be able to resist connection faults. Therefore the article research is focused on vertex extensions only. There is a description of vertex extensions existence condition for those colored complete graphs. This paper considers generating schemes for such minimal vertex extensions along with formulas, which allows to calculate number of additional edges to have an ability to construct minimal vertex extension.

CIVIL RECONCILIATION TORT THEORY: MAKING TORTS PRIVATE AGAIN

This article is largely a reaction to civil recourse tort theory and an attempt to recapture a tort theory that is more thoroughly private. The competing civil recourse and corrective justice conceptions of tort law as private are near the heart of this article, hence its title. While corrective justice and civil recourse theories both see tort law as essentially private, civil recourse theorists argue that tort is private, at least in part, because it is victim-initiated. An important thesis of this article is that tort is victim-initiated because it is private, not vice-versa. The Aristotelian conception of corrective justice suggests that corrective justice, unlike distributive justice, is an essentially private affair, and, indeed, perhaps the very private nature of tort law provides the simplest answer to civil recourse theory -- tort law is essentially private and is structured to encourage the private resolution of any disequilibrium created by the tortfeasor’s conduct. When a putative tortfeasor chooses to avoid injurious conduct (the heart of instrumentalist tort theory), this is a private decision. When a tortfeasor voluntarily repairs harm that he caused, this is an essentially private resolution of the problem. But when a victim acts against the tortfeasor through the courts, the state necessarily gets involved. In this way, civil recourse theory is less private than corrective justice theory. This article proceeds as follows. First, it surveys the three most popular contemporary tort theories, corrective justice, instrumentalism, and civil recourse theory, along with the theory proposed here, civil reconciliation theory. Second, the nature of each tort theory is illuminated by associating each theory with a different stage of a putative tortious interaction. Finally, a partial taxonomy of civil reconciliation tort theory terminology is presented, followed by a brief conclusion.

El Cine y la Villa Malaparte de Capri.

La Pelle, novel or autobiographical story by Curzio Malaparte and La Pelle, film by Liliana Cavani. Written hypotext and visual hypertext in terminology of literary and interartistic theory. On the other hand there are Il disprezzo, novel by Alberto Moravia and Le Mépris, film by Jean-Luc Godard, in a similar condition. There is always an intermediate step: it is the script, written but already prefiguring moving images. We can consider it both hypotexts of the novel and hypertext of the film. In Liliana Cavani’s film, the Malaparte house is necessarily the same as in the novel, where it appears and is explicitly described. However in the case of Le Mépris it is a choice of Godard, since the reference to the house in the novel only prefigures that the house is in Capri and has nice views to Punta Campanella. As we will see some of the locations, when adapting to the configuration of the Malaparte, extract from the house specific original possibilities of the film and in some way they bring new approaches of greater plasticity to the scenes while, however, the dialogues between the characters remain almost intact. One example is the way in which a singular element such as the upper terrace of the house replaces the beach where Molteni, the screenwriter, finds his wife Emilia. The same terrace appears as well as the set of the Odyssey version that begins to be shoot precisely at the end of Le Mépris.

Variação terminológica denominativa no universo da cana-de-açúcar: um estudo de fatores condicionantes

Este artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares de um estudo sobre a variação terminológica no universo da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. O estudo toma como pressuposto teórico-metodológico, sobretudo, a Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÉ, 1999, 2003) e o modelo teórico da variação terminológica de Freixa (2002, 2013), que apresenta seis causas para a variação terminológica. A partir desses pressupostos, o estudo utiliza-se de um corpus com características diversificadas: textos orais produzidos por especialistas com alto grau de especialização, atuando em diferentes contextos comunicativos, como entrevistas televisionadas, palestras e aulas; textos escritos de diferentes gêneros, também elaborados por especialistas, como artigos científicos, apostilas de curso de Agronomia, relatórios técnicos, sites do setor sucroalcooleiro, teses e dissertações. A pesquisa cruza diferentes fatores de variação e tenta apresentar os mais relevantes para a variação terminológica denominativa

Conservação dos bens culturais móveis em papel: termos-chave em português e seus equivalentes em russo

Este artigo visa descrever e analisar questões de Terminologia e Tradução do par linguístico português-russo relacionadas à pesquisa terminológica “A Linguagem do Patrimônio Cultural Brasileiro: Conservação dos Bens Culturais Móveis”. A pesquisa visava descrever práticas textuais da área, explicitando sua organização conceitual e terminológica, e incluiu: a compilação de corpora em português, espanhol, francês, inglês, italiano e russo; a identificação de termos em português; a busca de equivalentes para esses termos nas línguas citadas; e a criação de uma base terminológica on-line multilíngue de acesso gratuito. As investigações basearam-se nos pressupostos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT); na noção de equivalência tradutória de Hurtado Albir; nos preceitos metodológicos da Linguística de corpus; e em trabalhos anteriores do Projeto Terminológico Cone Sul (Termisul).

Recommendations for Implementing Gamification for Mental Health and Wellbeing.

Gamification is increasingly being proposed as a strategy to increase engagement for mental health and wellbeing technologies. However, its implementation has been criticized as atheoretical, particularly in relation to behavior change theory and game studies theories. Definitions of the term “gamification” vary, sometimes widely, between and within academic fields and the effectiveness of gamification is yet to be empirically established. Despite this, enthusiasm for developing gamified mental health technologies, such as interventions, continues to grow. There is a need to examine how best to implement gamification in mental health and wellbeing technologies in a way that takes quick production cycles into account while still emphasizing empirical investigation and building a rigorous evidence base. With reference to game studies and the medical (eHealth/mHealth) literature, this article interrogates gamification for mental health and wellbeing by examining core properties of the game form. It then explores how gamification can best be conceptualized and implemented for mental health and wellbeing goals from conceptualization through to iterative co-development and evaluation that accommodates software development schedules. Finally, it summarizes its conceptual analysis into recommendations for researchers and designers looking to do so. These recommendations are: (1) assess suitability, (2) implement to support, (3) assess acceptability, (4) evaluate impact, and (5) document comprehensively. These recommendations aim to encourage clear language, unified terminology, the application and evaluation of theory, comprehensive and constant documentation, and transparent evaluation of outcomes.

Ieskats latviešu folkloristikas terminoloģijas attīstībā

Latvian literary terminology and folklore studies terminology have many connections. Both areas have been comparatively understudied; especially, systemic and comprehensive analysis of folklore terminology should be carried out in broader research, which would require in-depth studies of emergence, loan, choice, use, inheritance, and succession of terms. This article mostly deals with historical or chronological aspect, providing a view into some essential lexicographic, monographic, and other resources of terms. The article aims to provide a view into the development of Latvian terminology in the 20th century (more precisely – from the beginning of independent Latvia until the restoration of independence after the Soviet occupation), paying attention to several resources of terminology. To reach the aim, a number of essential term sources of the field, which have had an impact on future terminology use and development, have been selected; characteristic of the resources is given, and specific examples are provided to illustrate the tendencies of the field’s terminology development. The publications, personalities, events, and discussions of the time help to understand what has happened in the newest terminology development period. The article draws from the following essential resources of terminology, which have had an impact on the Latvian folklore studies terminology: “Latvian Encyclopaedia” (Latviešu konversācijas vārdnīca, 1927–1940), “Introduction into Latvian Folk Poetry” (Ievads latviešu tautas dzejā, 1940) by Ludis Bērziņš (1870–1965), “General Conceptions about Folk Poetry” (Pamatjēdzieni par tautas dzeju, 1937) by Anna Bērzkalne (1891–1956), “Latvian Folklore” (Latviešu folklora, 1948) by Jānis Niedre (1909–1987), the Terminology Commission’s 8th Bulletin (1950), “Language of Latvian Folk Songs” (Latviešu tautasdziesmu valoda”, 1961) and “Works in Folklore Studies” (Raksti folkloristikā, 1968) by Arturs Ozols (1912–1964), “History of Latvian Folklore Studies” (Latviešu folkloristikas vēsture, 1989) by Ojārs Ambainis (1926–1995). The theoretical framework of the research consists of the studies in terminology theory and history by Māris Baltiņš and Valentīna Skujiņa, and the folklore studies history research by researchers at the Institute of Literature, Folklore and Art of the University of Latvia (Māra Vīksna, Dace Bula, Rita Treija, Anda Kubuliņa, Baibas Krogzeme-Mosgorda). Also, the minutes of the Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences Terminology Commission available at the Latvian Academy of Sciences archive have been studied.

A incidência da variação denominativa na compreensão do conceito especializado na área da lexicografia: um estudo com universitários brasileiros

Neste trabalho, embasados nos pressupostos teóricos das teorias cognitivas da Terminologia, tivemos por objetivo analisar a incidência da variação denominativa para a compreensão do conceito especializado no âmbito da Lexicografia. Para isso realizamos um estudo experimental com estudantes de Letras de uma universidade brasileira. Aplicamos uma prova de compreensão leitora a partir de textos de Lexicografia que apresentavam conceitos especializados mediante variação. Os resultados mostraram que a variação influencia cognitivamente no processo de compreensão textual e, portanto, possui uma incidência para o leitor na forma como este compreende e constrói o conceito.

Costa Rica Central Valley gastronomic lexicon structuring from an ontological arrangement

This paper describes how terminology and ontologies interact in a coherent and exhaustive manner, and how the neological appearance is obtained from the derivation of the specificity and functionality of a specific corpus. This research shows categories that do not exist either in the Glossary of Costa Rican popular cuisine (SEDÓ MASÍS, 2008), or in the Dictionary of Costarriquenismos (QUESADA PACHECO, 2012). The omission of some of these categories clearly shows that the terms have been historically organized taking into account only the lexical factor, but not the conceptual organization. Therefore, this study intends to play with the "disagreement" between speakers and specialists to show that a reorganization of the terms of an area is possible. For this, a corpus of 596 recipes and 4652 ingredients for ontological representation was compiled. Each ontological class was defined by means of its functionality in the recipes. The ontological architecture is formalized through the postulates of Basic Formal Ontology (SMITH, 2014) and is schematized by means of Protégé. In addition, the terminological theories of Cabré (1999), Fedor de Diego (1995) and Roche (2007, 2009) are used.

ANTHROPOMORPHIC METAPHORICAL MODEL “PERSON” AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN DENTAL AND CRANIO — MAXILLOFACIAL TERMINOLOGY

Objectives: to make a brief overview of the theories of metaphor and modern terminologytheories (Communicative theory of terminology, Socio-cognitive theory of terminology, Framebased theory of terminology); to identify metaphorization as a highly productive lexico-semanticway of forming terminology in dental and cranio-maxillofacial scientific discourse; to demonstrateEnglish/Bulgarian terminology development based on anthropomorphic metaphorical model“Person” and its sub-models: “Conditions”, “Body parts”, “Physical abilities”, “Society”, “Qualities”.Materials and research methods. Sixty (60) monosyllabic and compound metaphorical terms inEnglish and Bulgarian academic languages have been selected and discussed applying the methodsof definition analysis, conceptual integration, cognitive analysis, component analysis, metaphoricalmodelling. Discussion and results of the study. Theories of metaphor and terminology are consideredin the context of their contribution to the development of specialized medical language. By means ofmetaphorization (analogy, similarity, likeness, comparison) new terminological structures are formedin dental and cranio-maxillofacial terminology systems. The emphasis is on anthropomorphicmetaphorical model “Person” denoting various anatomical structures, diseases, syndromes,symptoms, surgical techniques. Conclusions. The following conclusions have been made: 1. Humansphere in its numerous manifestations — physical, moral and intellectual qualities, social activity,illness, death — is an “eternal theme” in the context of language historical development. 2. Due to itshigh terminological productivity the anthropomorphic metaphorical model “Person” expands andenriches the terminological resource of dental medicine and cranio-maxillofacial surgery; increasesmedical terminological competence and facilitates communication at a specialized level. 3. Term formation is a living contemporary trend subject to management by specialists and terminologywith regard to any further standardization of the international dental and cranio-maxillofacialterminology.

SPECIFICS OF MEDICAL EPONYMOUS TERMINOLOGY (IN VIEW OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND BULGARIAN MEDICAL DISCOURSE)

Objectives: to give a general preliminary idea of the terminological unit; to summarizethe basic postulates of Frame — based Terminology Theory (FBTT); to outline the aspects ofmedical eponyms; to form medical eponymous models in English, Russian and Bulgarian academiclanguages; to emphasize practical dimension of the present study (application in language trainingprocess, expanding linguistic medical competence). Materials and research methods. 34 compoundEnglish, Russian and Bulgarian eponymous terms (including synonymous variants of the threelanguages) have been discussed. Methods of definition analysis, conceptual integration, cognitiveanalysis, eponymous modelling, etymological analysis have been applied. Discussion and results ofthe study. A brief description of the parameters of specialized language term is suggested. Framebased Terminology Theory by Pamela Faber (2005–2007) and its basic postulates are discussed.Interdisciplinarity and multidimensionality of the medical domain are indicated in the context ofmedical terminology. The emphasis is on medical eponyms denoting various diseases, syndromes,symptoms and named after great scientists, mythological heroes and literary characters. Conclusions.The following conclusions have been made: 1. Specialized language terminological unit is definitive,accurate, unambiguous, consistent with language norms, scientifically relevant, semantically complete.2. Medical eponymous terminology is expressive; immortalizes the memory of great minds ofmedicine, mythological and literary characters; provokes medical students» curiosity, expandingtheir knowledge. 3. Medical eponymous terminology base is multidimensional in terms of cognitive,linguistic, socio-communicative and pedagogical aspects.

Nominative Specificity of English Marketing Terminology

Introduction. The paper deals with the concepts of a term and terminology as they considered both in classical general theory of terminology and cognitive linguistics. The field of English economic terminology provides extensive material for the terminologists to develop and clarify theoretical guidelines helping to understand the nature of scientific and professional nominations that constitute the aim of presented reseach. The processes of term formation viewed through the cognitive approach are considered in connection with conceptualization and categorization and help to reveal the creative nominative models of marketers as it is seen vital within an antropocentric focus of linguistic studies.Methodology and sources. A general theory of terminology is based upon the approach in which the nature of concepts, conceptual relations, the relationships between terms and concepts and assigning terms to concepts are of prime importance. But in fact, terminology is closely linked to an activity carried out within the field of knowledge and thus it is inseparable from its social context and its obvious applications. Methods of cognitive analysis applied for the study of terminilogies are supposed to overcome contradictions of the previous century of terminology studies. English marketing terms under consideration were extracted from the professional dictionaries and handbooks. The thematic group chosen as the illustrative example is consumer terminological group.Results and discussion. Nominative originality of marketing terminology has been revealed within the idea of continually changing specific autonomous and self-sufficient consumer models reflected in micro-systems of terms nominating and verbalizing holistic concepts of the authors. Nomination of the typical individuals (customers) by the terms discussed in the presented paper reflects deep and various psychological characteristics of individuals. As it seems, all these parameters form the foundation of the professional domain of modern markets in accordance with the existing conceptual knowledge, verbalized by terms.Conclusion. The study is relevant since the research of conceptualization and categorization in the professional fields of knowledge seems to be an understudied area. The more interdisciplinary is the area of professional knowledge, the more integrated are specific features of terminological nomination, and the more sophisticated is the termformation used by the experts.

La terminologie juridique.

There are many ways to approach and analyze juridical terminology. Every approach is useful, even though for a great number of linguists juridical vocabulary is not really considered as a terminology. The first part of this paper is devoted to the presentation of the state of art in the field under scrutiny, including traditional approaches (savant language, technical language, pure language, ‘general’ theory of terminology) and more recent approaches (socioterminology, text mining terminology, communicative theory of terminology, frame terminology, sociocognitive approach, pragmaterminological approach). The second part explains how the philosophy of language can shed some light on juridical terminology. For this branch of human sciences, legal words and groups of words are lexical units used in legal discourses. Thus, relevant analysis perspectives include enunciation, reference, extension, predication and speech acts.

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY AS A PART OF THE MATRIX OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE (IN VIEW OF ENGLISH AND BULGARIAN ACADEMIC LANGUAGES)

The article discusses medical terminology and its contemporary developmental perspectives in English and Bulgarian academic languages based on extensive illustrative material. The research focus is on the following active term-forming processes: lexico-semantic, lexico-morphological, lexico-syntactic, word borrowing and related linguistic phenomena - specialization, metaphorization, metonymization, affixation, composition, formation of medical terms-word combinations, direct translation, free translation, introduction of English medical terminology into Bulgarian, etc. Multidimensionality of medical terminology base in terms of cognitive, linguistic, socio-communicative and pedagogical aspects has been proved. The basic postulates of the last three modern theories of terminology are summarized.

Conceptual Framework for Creating a Digital Business Ecosystem Based on Marketing

The growth of market competition, its transition to regional and international levels, the development of information technologies as well as dramatic changes in consumer behaviour determine the development of global market trends, which necessitates the study of a methodology to form distribution channels, from the viewpoint of digital connectivity and transition to a more complex global system. The paper discusses the conceptual framework for creating a digital business ecosystem as a combination of three components: the consumer’s ecosystem, the producer’s ecosystem and the communicative connecting core. The object of research is a distribution system that operates in a market environment. The research is based on the application of the descriptive-analytical and comparative methods as well as the method of semantic and structural analysis, the method of monitoring the content of terminology in theoretical and applied papers within the chosen field of study. Significant development trends have been identified in the theory of global value chains and supply chains, the strategic goal of which is not to dominate, but to keep the balance that generates added value. The ecosystem formation theory terminology is enriched by introducing the concept of “a digital ecosystem” into the scientific circulation. The role of the consumer as a full participant in the business ecosystem, who is engaged in the process of creating additional consumer value, is determined.

“Pacemakers report”: GDR pedagogical innovators and the collection of Pädagogische Lesungen, 1952–1989

ABSTRACT This article focuses on a library collection containing around 9,000 titles of Pädagogische Lesungen [Pedagogical Lectures] (PL), compiled and centrally awarded in the GDR from 1961 to 1989. This contribution gives an initial overview of the current state of research and a comprehensive description of the material diversity of the collection. Besides the historical specificity and heterogeneous composition of the unique material, the article also examines the function and use of the lectures within the centrally organised system of teacher training in the GDR. From an educational and contemporary educational perspective, the scientific utilisation of this multilayered source material is highly lucrative, since it can provide information on the (re)production, mediation and transformation of subject-specific content and school-specific knowledge. Professional debates reflected in those lectures provide valuable inspiration for research into the history and practice of subject teaching in the GDR, as well as for the professionalisation of teachers. In addition to questions concerning the relationship between theory and practice or terminology, the collection can also be used to trace the availability and emergence of new media and materials, which were reflected in the methodological-didactic design of subject teaching and also in the preparation of the PL themselves. Thus, the expansive material offers diverse approaches to research for a wide range of disciplines such as linguistics and cultural sciences, historical and political sciences, and information and media sciences as well as subject didactics.

A terminologia do domínio do ciclismo no Brasil: casos de variação entre os termos que denominam as partes principais da bicicleta de estrada

O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste em analisar a terminologia do domínio do ciclismo de estrada veiculada por manuais desse tipo de veículo difundidos no Brasil, refletindo, especificamente, sobre as variantes dos termos denominativos das partes principais da bicicleta de estrada encontradas nesse tipo de documento. Para tanto, adotamos os princípios teóricos e metodológicos da Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÉ, 1999) e também nos baseamos nos critérios propostos por Faulstich (1997, 2001) para estabelecer as variantes terminológicas. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, destacamos a presença de 7 casos de variantes lexicais e 22 de variantes geográficas. Com base nesses dados, verificamos que muitos manuais divulgados no Brasil por empresas europeias foram traduzidos para o português de Portugal, o que nos levou a encontrar um grande número de variantes geográficas em nossas análises, uma vez que partimos do português do Brasil. Com este estudo, esperamos, então, que possamos contribuir com uma melhor comunicação nessa área, sobretudo, no contexto brasileiro.

Enem em Libras como Corpus Linguístico: Metodologia para Produção de Glossários em Libras

A implementação das políticas linguísticas e de acessibilidade tem contribuído para a ampliação dos espaços de atuação da comunidade surda. Exemplo disso é o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), que desde 2017 tornou-se acessível para estudantes surdos apresentando a prova traduzida para a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Dessa forma, a videoprova pode ser considerada como um documento de registro da língua em questão para as diversas áreas do conhecimento a qual o exame se destina. Assim, este artigo propõe a prova do Enem em Libras como corpora linguísticos para estudos léxico-terminográficos, bem como delimita os passos metodológicos para a construção de um Glossário em Libras digital, tendo como exemplo a área de ciências biológicas. O presente trabalho fundamenta-se na teoria comunicativa da terminologia proposta por Cabré (1999) focada nos princípios da poliedricidade do termo, do caráter comunicativo da terminologia e na variação. Esta proposta é importante por viabilizar que o pesquisador compile seu próprio banco de dados e material de pesquisa, além disso, contribui para o aprimoramento do fazer terminográfico e para a ampliação dos registros de terminologias nas diversas áreas do conhecimento.