Theory Of Disintegration Research Articles

CHAOTIC DISINTEGRATION OF A LIQUID WALL FILM: A MODEL OF AN AIR-BLAST ATOMIZATION

This experimental and theoretical study is devoted to the description of an air-blast atomizer of the prefilming type, in particular, to the modeling of the drop diameters in a spray generated by such an atomizer. In air-blast atomizers of this kind, a liquid film is formed by an impact of a primary spray onto a prefilmer. This liquid film is then disintegrated by a strong air coflow. In this study the chaotic disintegration theory is used to estimate the typical size of the liquid fragments. These fragments are formed due to the high velocity gradients in the liquid film. The theoretical predictions agree well with the experimental data.

Theory of Disintegration of the Nucleus by Neutron Impact

Theory of Disintegration of the Nucleus by Neutron Impact

The Essential Elements of Dabrowski's Theory of Positive Disintegration and How They Are Connected

The purpose of this article is to present Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration (TPD; Dabrowski, 1964) in a thorough and accessible manner so that those in the gifted community can better understand it and its usefulness to the field of gifted studies. The article goes beyond what has typically been presented in recent research literature on the theory and discusses the major theoretical elements and how they are interconnected, to give a taste of the theory's complexity. In the article, levels of development, developmental dynamisms, overexcitabilities, and other foundational aspects of the theory are described. In addition, the author provides examples of how TPD has already been used with gifted populations and challenges the reader to look at the interdisciplinary applications that exist beyond the boundaries of gifted studies.

Positive Maladjustment as a Transition From Chaos to Order

Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration describes patterns and explains mechanisms of human development and has been successfully applied to understanding of gifted individuals. This article shows how the concepts of chaos theory and self-organization such as the sensitivity to initial conditions, positive and negative feedback, bifurcation points, and attractors provide new insights into understanding the personality development of gifted adolescents. According to Dabrowski, positive disintegration is the mental development described by the process of transition from lower to higher levels of mental life and is stimulated by tension, inner conflict, struggle, anxiety, and despair. This article introduces a conceptual model of this process as the sequence of transitions from a point attractor (the primary integration) through a periodic attractor (the unilevel disintegration), to a chaotic attractor (the spontaneous multilevel disintegration), and continues through the process of self-organization to an emerging order (the organized multilevel disintegration) and finally to an order with increasing complexity (the secondary integration).

Theory of Positive Disintegration as a Basis for Research on Assisting Development

Dabrowski's ideas about personality development are not only a source of practical recommendations for assisting the development of persons of varied age but can also be an inspiration for research. The theory is exceptionally helpful in describing developmental phenomena. Cases of multilevel development were studied in autobiographies of 7 participants. Research results not only confirm the basic assumptions of the theory but are a fitting point of departure for further investigations of human development. This study showed that the beginnings of positive disintegration could be traced to between ages 5 and 7. In addition, an understanding adult plays a key role in the transition from unilevel to multilevel development, and religion and art play a significant role in multilevel development.

Organizational Communication Networks and its Structural Changes Correlates to Organizational Disintegration

Email networks in contemporary organizations are fairly representative of the underlying communications networks. We show that changes in communication networks have implications for studying organization disintegration. In this paper, we analyzed the changing communication network structure at Enron Corporation during the period of its disintegration (2000-2001). Our goal was to understand how communication patterns and structure were affected by organizational disintegration. Drawing on (social) network disintegration theory, we tested several propositions using the Enron email corpus: 1) Number of cliques increases 2) Communication network becomes increasingly centralized, and 3) Connectedness among the top management executives increases, as organizations move towards disintegration. The results of the analyses and their implications indicate that during organizational disintegration process there are: higher level of clique activities, tendency toward greater decentralization, and increased connectivity among top management.

Fears of violence among English young people: Disintegration theory and British social policy

Young people are not only the perpetrators of violence; they are also the victims of violent acts. This leads to the question of how young people handle potential risk and how they can reduce the danger of becoming victims. The article stresses the topic of juvenile experience and fear of violence. Starting with a description of the nature of social disintegration in the north of England and the social consequences of social change at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the author focuses on the experience of young people who are affected by changes in social policies, such as the governmental response to antisocial behavior, which is generally considered to be the cause of escalating youth crime. It is pointed out that young people's experience of social disintegration is more complex than generally considered. Based on one of the few qualitative studies in this research field, the study outlines the reasons for fear of violence by presenting comments by young people in two cities and three smaller towns in the north of England. In particular, it looks at the experience of young people in public spaces, the effect of excessive alcohol consumption, young people's fears around illegal drugs and violence, strategies young people use to remain safe, and factors that tend to reduce perceived safety. The authors question the wider societal view that young people are passive and innocent objects: this view has consequences regarding the drive to reduce and avoid violence (by adult society) but also can result in increased insecurity for young people. For this reason, the article also provides a new political approach regarding the communal context.

Right‐wing extremist violence among adolescents in Germany

What are the preconditions for right-wing extremist violence among German youths? For several years, the rate of this violence has been increasing in Germany, and the same can be observed for right-wing extremist orientations characterized by the coming together of ideologies of unequal worth and the acceptance of violence as a mode of action. And although it is emphasized that approval of and willingness to use violence do not automatically lead to actual acts of violence, this article suggests that the existence of these convictions in society helps to legitimize attitudes that become expressed in violence, in particular among youths.This article presents a five-stage process model that portrays the underlying preconditions for acts of right-wing extremist violence, the contexts in which such violence takes place, and the factors that cause it to escalate. This structural model is used to outline central empirical findings of recent German quantitative and especially qualitative studies about right-wing extremist violent offenders. For analytical reasons, the basic elements of the process model (socialization, organization, legitimation, interaction, and escalation) are treated separately. The authors also examine right-wing extremist violence from a disintegrative perspective. Given that intersubjective recognition is an existential human need, right-wing extremist violence is understood as a "productive" way of dealing with individual recognition deficits. On the basis of the integration dimensions of social disintegration theory, three fundamental recognition needs are distinguished. Right-wing extremist violence can best be explained as a consequence of recognition deficits in all three central integration dimensions.

The role of social work in the context of social disintegration and violence

Violence and the violence discourse are very similar from country to country: focus on youth, preponderance of males among perpetrators and victims, disproportionate involvement of migrants and indigenous people, greater prevalence with socioeconomic disadvantage and low education, and the impact of underlying factors such as political disintegration, exclusion from the consumer lifestyle, and inadequacies of social institutions. In social disintegration theory, the basic explanatory backdrop is the dynamic relationship of integration and disintegration between and within the different spheres: individual and functional system integration, integration into society, and integration into the community. (Relative) exclusion from work, consumption, and democratic processes combined with experience of socioemotional deficits seem to give a particularly strong boost to socially unacceptable forms of particularist integration and to favor collective and individual acceptance of violence. When subjects draw balances of personal recognition and of the achieved and achievable scope to organize their life, the latter orientations appear subjectively more likely to meet their expectations than socially (more) accepted modes of behavior.The central conclusion on social reactions to violence in general and professional social work in particular is that rather than relying on admonishment, punishment, or curative measures, or some combination of these, to combat violence, there is a need for wide-ranging long-term options for those acutely affected and at risk to have the long-term scope to organize their own lives-to experience life control, recognized integration, and development of competences. Those who experience being the organizer of their own life have no need of violence as a form of self-assertion.

The E-theoretic descent functor for groupoids

The paper establishes, for a wide class of locally compact groupoids Γ, the E-theoretic descent functor at the C ∗ -algebra level, in a way parallel to that established for locally compact groups by Guentner, Higson and Trout. Section 2 shows that Γ-actions on a C 0 ( X ) -algebra B, where X is the unit space of Γ, can be usefully formulated in terms of an action on the associated bundle B ♯ . Section 3 shows that the functor B → C ∗ ( Γ , B ) is continuous and exact, and uses the disintegration theory of J. Renault. Section 4 establishes the existence of the descent functor under a very mild condition on Γ, the main technical difficulty involved being that of finding a Γ-algebra that plays the role of C b ( T , B ) cont in the group case.

Overexcitabilities: A new way to think about talent?

Researchers and educators in the field of gifted education have been tantalized by the promise that Dabrowski's Theory of Positive Disintegration, with its depiction of intensities or overexcitabilities (OEs), provides a means for identifying gifted students that is different than the usual standardized tests. Thus far, most information on OEs has been provided by a questionnaire, which is made up of 21 open‐ended questions. In this study, the Overexcitability Questionnaire II (OEQII), a Likert‐type survey for addressing the OEs, was used to distinguish between typical and gifted students, and various subgroups of gifted and talented students. Results suggest that there are several differences on the OEQII's five subscales: Psychomotor, Intellectual, Imagina‐tional, Sensual, and Emotional OEs for gender groups, elementary‐ and middle‐school students, and typical and gifted students.

Dabrowski's Theory of Positive Disintegration and Giftedness: Overexcitability Research Findings

During the past 20 years, a significant body of literature has emerged focusing on the application of Dabrowski's theory of positive disintegration (TPD) to the study of gifted individuals. Although much of this literature is prescriptive, some research reports spanning this time period are available. A perusal of research on TPD's applicability to gifted individuals indicates that the focus has been Dabrowski's notion of overexcitability (OE). This article reviews OE research, contrasts it with Dabrowski's approach to research with gifted individuals, and argues that researchers should emulate Dabrowski's approach in future investigations.

Disintegration‐of‐measure techniques for commuting multivariable weighted shifts

We employ techniques from the theory of disintegration of measures to study the Lifting Problem for commuting n‐tuples of subnormal weighted shifts. We obtain a new necessary condition for the existence of a lifting, and generate new pathology associated with bringing together the Berger measures associated to each individual weighted shift. For subnormal 2‐variable weighted shifts, we then find the precise relation between the Berger measure of the pair and the Berger measures of the shifts associated to horizontal rows and vertical columns of weights. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 47B20, 47B37, 47A13, 28A50 (primary), 44A60, 47‐04, 47A20 (secondary).

An Analysis of the Content of Large Bodies in Meteor and Fireball Streams

The issue of the presence of meter- and decameter-sized bodies in meteor and fireball streams is of fundamental importance in the context of the theory of disintegration of parent bodies. Our observations, which have been carried out since 1995, indicate that such bodies are present in the Perseid, α-Capricornid, Leonid, and Coma-Berenicid meteoric streams. A catalogue is presented here for the parameters of the detected bodies. The spatial density of the meter-sized bodies is estimated based on the observational material. Within the errors, our estimates agree with the estimates based on the extrapolation of meteor and fireball data. An analysis of the observations suggests some inferences on the structure of the streams under study.

Retention Model of Single-Electron Memory (SEM) Using Disintegration Theory

Article Retention Model of Single-Electron Memory (SEM) Using Disintegration Theory was published on December 1, 2005 in the journal International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation (volume 6, issue 4).

An Instrument for the Measure of Dabrowskian Overexcitabilities to Identify Gifted Elementary Students

The ElemenOE is a Likert-scaled observation checklist developed in this study to measure 5 personality characteristics in elementary school children, with predictive validity for identifying giftedness. The characteristics, named “overexcitabilities,” are described within the context of Dabrowski’s Theory of Positive Disintegration. Five scholars of Dabrowski’s theory rated an initial 100 items for content validity. The 61 strongest items comprised the pilot instrument, which teachers used to describe 373 students. Exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation found factors that related to the 5 OEs. Items with loadings of less than .5 were eliminated, thus creating the 30-item ElemenOE. Teachers used the ElemenOE to describe 171 gifted and nonidentified children. A discriminant analysis yielded one function that significantly discriminated between groups. The ElemenOE classified 76% of gifted students and 42% of nonidentified students as having similar OE profiles. These results indicate that, with revisions, the ElemenOE may be useful in identifying gifted students who are missed by traditional identification measures.

Dynamics of a liquid lamella resulting from the impact of a water drop on a small target

The dynamics of a circular liquid lamella resulting from the collision of a water drop with a small disc–like target was studied experimentally and theoretically. Such a type of collision also acts as a model of drop impacts on plane surfaces in the absence of liquid friction, and therefore for more widespread collisions of drops of inviscid liquid with solid surfaces. We propose a simple model to describe the dynamics of the lamella resulting from the drop impact and also predict the structure of the liquid flow in the lamella. It is based on the observations that during the drop collision with the target, the liquid is ejected at an approximately constant flow rate with a velocity that significantly decreases in time. The resulting distributions of velocities, local flow rates and film thickness in the lamella are calculated. Besides, we have measured the distribution of the local Weber numbers by generating Mach–like rupture waves (we have called them Mach–Taylor waves) in the lamella, which follows the Taylor theory of disintegration of fluid sheets. Unknown parameters of the model are obtained from the comparison between the theoretical expression for local Weber number and the experimental data. The time evolution of the lamella diameter was obtained by numerical integration of the model. It was found that during the lamella life, zones of metastability could be formed in the lamella. In these zones a propagating rupture hole cannot be transported away by the flow and it yields to destabilization. One metastability zone expands from the target towards the external rim, and it is the opposite for the other one.

Particle Weights and Their Disintegration II

The first article in this series presented a thorough discussion of particle weights and their characteristic properties. In this part a disintegration theory for particle weights is developed which yields pure components linked to irreducible representations and exhibiting features of improper energy-momentum eigenstates. This spatial disintegration relies on the separability of the Hilbert space as well as of the C*-algebra. Neither is present in the GNS-representation of a generic particle weight so that we use a restricted version of this concept on the basis of separable constructs. This procedure does not entail any loss of essential information insofar as under physically reasonable assumptions on the structure of phase space the resulting representations of the separable algebra are locally normal and can thus be continuously extended to the original quasi-local C*-algebra.

Self-Concept and Giftedness: A Multi-Theoretical Perspective

The purpose of this article is to discuss factors that affect the self-concept of gifted individuals. The Pyryt Mendaglio Self-Perception survey is introduced to describe three theoretical perspectives on self-concept: reflected appraisals, social comparison, and attribution. Each of these theories suggests positive and negative influences on gifted students’ self-concepts. Dabrowski’s Theory of Positive Disintegration is introduced to provide a unique perspective on self-concept-namely that the expected positive or negative self-evaluation is contingent upon the individual’s level of development.

The model of internal column of hollow cathode vacuum discharge

Analyzes the characteristics of rarefied, nonequilibrium-state plasmas in the internal column of a hollow cathode discharge (HCD). The analysis is based on the theory of plasma disintegration in a strong electric field (Dreicer 1959, 1960). It is demonstrated that this process has a crucial influence upon the forming of directed flux of electrons with energy values 20-30 eV at the exit of the hollow cathode. The obtained values significantly exceed the energy of thermal motion of electrons in the plasma disintegration zone. A new method is suggested of calculating electron density and electric field intensity in respect to the axis of the internal column in the channel model of the discharge. In addition, a method is presented of calculating the length of the internal column and the energy of the directed electron flux at the exit of the hollow cathode on the basis of HCD fundamental parameters.