Theoretical Physics Research Articles

Integration of quantum physics theories to understand open government data (OGD) adoption by the government

PurposeThis paper aims to further the understanding of Open Government Data (OGD) adoption by the government by invoking two quantum physics theories – percolation theory and expander graph theory.Design/methodology/approachExtant research on the barriers to adoption and rollout of OGD is reviewed to drive home the research question for the present study. Both the theories are summarized, and lessons are derived therefrom for answering the research question.FindingsThe percolation theory solves the riddle of why the OGD initiatives find it difficult to seep across the hierarchical and geographical levels of any administrative division. The expander graph theory builds the understanding of the need for having networking among and within the key government personnel for bolstering the motivation and capacity building of the operational personnel linked with the OGD initiative. The theoretical understanding also aids in the implementation and institutionalization of OGD in general.Originality/valueIntersectionality of domains for conducting research on any theme is always a need. Given the fact that there are innumerable challenges regarding the adoption of OGD by the governments across the world, the application of the two theories of quantum physics might solve the quandary in a befitting way.

Perception and illusion: replies to Sethi, Speaks and Cutter

ABSTRACT I reply to comments on my book Perception (Routledge 2021) by Umrao Sethi, Jeff Speaks and Brian Cutter. Sethi objects to my representational view of perception on the ground that that having an experience of a color or shape can enable you to know what that color or shape is like only if it is actually present in the experience. Speaks has a very interesting discussion of my puzzle of the laws of appearance for the representational view. And Cutter asks what I have against 'neural sense datum theory'. In my responses, I try to take the discussion forward. At the end, I develop a new argument against reductive physicalist theories of sensible qualities.

A geometric framework for interstellar discourse on fundamental physical structures

This paper considers the possibility that abstract thinking and advanced synthesis skills might encourage extraterrestrial civilizations to accept communication with mankind on Earth. For this purpose, a notation not relying upon the use of alphabet and numbers is proposed, in order to denote just some basic geometric structures of current physical theories: vector fields, [Formula: see text]-form fields, and tensor fields of arbitrary order. An advanced civilization might appreciate the way here proposed to achieve a concise description of electromagnetism and general relativity, and hence it might accept the challenge of responding to our signals. The abstract symbols introduced in this paper to describe the basic structures of physical theories are encoded into black and white bitmap images that can be easily converted into short bit sequences and modulated on a carrier wave for radio transmission.

Rhetorical analysis techniques in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy

The diversity of languages of the digital real has led to the creation of new communication models which incorporate formal, synthetic, and approved-by-areas codes for smart communication. The emblem of our society is the Mood virtual communicator: this replaces words and sentences with algorithms and acronyms. Our course of direction is heading inexorably towards digital codes that transmit pre-established semantics generated by a fixed sentence. Thus, it makes sense to discuss communication styles. And what does education consist of? Although we can take sides with fixed and standardized synthetic communication, we also call for respect for traditional and cultural values in individual societies. Still, we call into question the methodologies of study and reference models, which are currently used for virtual communication. The disciplines of theoretical linguistics, computational linguistics, mathematics, quantum physics, sociology, psychology, pedagogical theories, and other related subjects are all included in Social Sciences and Digital Media. This work aims to present an unwavering logical progression that transitions from normative grammar to formal grammar to then examine the features of a poetic text, such as Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, from several perspectives.

Spectral solutions for fractional Klein–Gordon models of distributed order

The Klein–Gordon equation is a fundamental theoretical physics concept, governing the behavior of relativistic quantum particles with spin-zero. Its numerical solution is crucial in fields like quantum field theory, particle physics, and cosmology. The study explores numerical methodologies for solving this equation, highlighting their significance and challenges. This study uses the collocation method to approximate fractional Klein–Gordon models of distributed order based on Shifted Jacobi orthogonal polynomials and Shifted fractional order Jacobi orthogonal functions. While, the distributed term (integral term) was treat using Legendre–Gauss–Lobatto quadrature. It assesses residuals through finite expansion and yields accurate numerical results. The method is more factual and fair when initial and boundary conditions are enforced. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the method’s accuracy, particularly in fractional Klein–Gordon models of distributed order. Furthermore, we offer a few numerical test scenarios to show that the method is able to maintain the non-smooth solution of the underlying issue.

Electromagnetic Transverse Modes in Periodic Structures: Mathematical Analysis and Engineering Applications

This study explores the electromagnetic transverse modes in periodic structures, combining mathematical analysis with practical engineering applications. We showcase how the deliberate arrangement of materials, using Maxwell's equations and Bloch's theorem, may control and guide electromagnetic waves for novel applications in devices. We emphasize the progress made in photonic crystals and metamaterials, which have resulted in significant developments in fields such as optical computing and stealth technologies. The debate encompasses the potential of computational methods to further improve the functions of materials and devices. This paper highlights the important interaction between theoretical physics and applied engineering, which lays the foundation for future technical advancements in wave manipulation.

Complexity in tame quantum theories

Inspired by the notion that physical systems can contain only a finite amount of information or complexity, we introduce a framework that allows for quantifying the amount of logical information needed to specify a function or set. We then apply this methodology to a variety of physical systems and derive the complexity of parameter-dependent physical observables and coupling functions appearing in effective Lagrangians. In order to implement these ideas, it is essential to consider physical theories that can be defined in an o-minimal structure. O-minimality, a concept from mathematical logic, encapsulates a tameness principle. It was recently argued that this property is inherent to many known quantum field theories and is linked to the UV completion of the theory. To assign a complexity to each statement in these theories one has to further constrain the allowed o-minimal structures. To exemplify this, we show that many physical systems can be formulated using Pfaffian o-minimal structures, which have a well-established notion of complexity. More generally, we propose adopting sharply o-minimal structures, recently introduced by Binyamini and Novikov, as an overarching framework to measure complexity in quantum theories.

Theoretical and experimental study of strain localization phenomenon based on phase transition theory

In the study of large-scale localized strain features, localized strain can lead to energy release and seismic effects. From the macroscopic process of localized strain, it is found that localized deformation is accompanied by structural weakening, which is due to phase changes in rocks. The phase change corresponds to the secondary phase transition process in physics. The present study illustrates this phenomenon from the perspective of secondary phase transition theory in statistical physics, combining the localized strain features on a large scale. Theoretical analysis and experimental studies were carried out using three brittle rocks, including marble, granite and red sandstone. First, two perturbation methods, i.e., Krylov–Bogoliubov method and Poincare method, are used to calculate the higher-order control equations in analytical model. The influences of control equation coefficients on the strain localization process are analyzed. Then the uniaxial compression tests are carried out on the three rocks to record the strain process. Finally, the theoretical and experimental results are compared to analyze the strain localization phenomenon. The comparison results show that both the Krylov–Bogoliubov solution and the Poincare solution in the analytical model can well describe the evolution characteristics of localized strain. It indicates that the theoretical model is valid and has high accuracy. The Poincare method better simulates the nonlinear phenomenon of strain localization. The present study provides a new theoretical method to better understand the strain localization phenomenon.

LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 sensitivities to reheating in plateau models of inflation

We study the sensitivity of LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 to the reheating temperature and the inflaton coupling in three types of plateau-potential models of inflation, namely mutated hilltop inflation, radion gauge inflation, and α-attractor T models. We first find relations between model parameters and CMB observables in all models. We then perform Monte Carlo Markov Chain based forecasts to quantify the information gain on the reheating temperature, the inflaton coupling, and the scale of inflation that can be achieved with LiteBIRD and CMB-S4, assuming a fiducial tensor-to-scalar ratio r̅ ∼ 0.02 and neglecting foreground contamination of the B-mode polarization spectrum. We compare the results of the forecasts to those obtained from a recently proposed simple analytic method. We find that both LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 can simultaneously constrain the scale of inflation and the reheating temperature in all three types of models. They can for the first time obtain both an upper and lower bound on the latter, comprising the first ever measurement of the big bang temperature. In the mutated hilltop inflation and radion gauge inflation models this can be translated into a measurement of the inflaton coupling in parts of the parameter space. Constraining this microphysical parameter will help to understand how these models of inflation may be embedded into a more fundamental theory of particle physics.

Impact of Fluid Distribution and Petrophysics on Geophysical Signatures of CO2 Storage Sandstone Reservoirs

AbstractCarbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a key element to achieving net‐zero energy challenge timely. CCS operations require the integration of geophysical data, such as seismic and electromagnetic surveys, numerical reservoir models and fluid flow simulations. However, the 10–100s m resolution of seismic imaging methods complicates the mapping of smaller scale rock heterogeneities, while borehole measurements commonly show large fluctuations at sub‐cm scales. In this study, we combine laboratory data, well‐logging, rock physics theories and a proof‐of‐concept time‐lapse seismic modeling to assess the effect of pore‐scale fluid distribution and petrophysical heterogeneities on the expected performance of whole‐reservoir CCS operations in deep saline aquifers, by analogy to the Aurora CCS site, North Sea. We monitored the elastic and electrical properties of three sandstone samples with slightly different physical and petrographic properties during carbon dioxide (CO2) flow‐through tests under equivalent in situ effective pressure. We inferred the CO2‐induced damage in the rocks from the variations of their hydromechanical properties. We found that the clay fraction, CO2‐clay chemical interactions, and porosity were the main factors affecting both the CO2 distribution in the samples and the hydromechanical response. We used seismic modeling of well‐log data and the laboratory results to estimate the reservoir‐scale time‐lapse seismic response to CO2 injection and to assess the effect of the rock heterogeneities in our interpretation. The results show that disregarding the effect of rock heterogeneities on the CO2‐brine fluids distribution can lead to significant misinterpretations of seismic monitoring surveys during CCS operations in terms of both CO2 quantification and distribution.

Hamiltonian Computational Chemistry: Geometrical Structures in Chemical Dynamics and Kinetics.

The common geometrical (symplectic) structures of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and classical thermodynamics are unveiled with three pictures. These cardinal theories, mainly at the non-relativistic approximation, are the cornerstones for studying chemical dynamics and chemical kinetics. Working in extended phase spaces, we show that the physical states of integrable dynamical systems are depicted by Lagrangian submanifolds embedded in phase space. Observable quantities are calculated by properly transforming the extended phase space onto a reduced space, and trajectories are integrated by solving Hamilton's equations of motion. After defining a Riemannian metric, we can also estimate the length between two states. Local constants of motion are investigated by integrating Jacobi fields and solving the variational linear equations. Diagonalizing the symplectic fundamental matrix, eigenvalues equal to one reveal the number of constants of motion. For conservative systems, geometrical quantum mechanics has proved that solving the Schrödinger equation in extended Hilbert space, which incorporates the quantum phase, is equivalent to solving Hamilton's equations in the projective Hilbert space. In classical thermodynamics, we take entropy and energy as canonical variables to construct the extended phase space and to represent the Lagrangian submanifold. Hamilton's and variational equations are written and solved in the same fashion as in classical mechanics. Solvers based on high-order finite differences for numerically solving Hamilton's, variational, and Schrödinger equations are described. Employing the Hénon-Heiles two-dimensional nonlinear model, representative results for time-dependent, quantum, and dissipative macroscopic systems are shown to illustrate concepts and methods. High-order finite-difference algorithms, despite their accuracy in low-dimensional systems, require substantial computer resources when they are applied to systems with many degrees of freedom, such as polyatomic molecules. We discuss recent research progress in employing Hamiltonian neural networks for solving Hamilton's equations. It turns out that Hamiltonian geometry, shared with all physical theories, yields the necessary and sufficient conditions for the mutual assistance of humans and machines in deep-learning processes.

Facile construction of pectin-based hesperidin microcapsules: Solubilization, stability, loading process, and release mechanism

Constructing carrier materials with polysaccharides to enhance the solubility of insoluble active ingredients is a crucial strategy for improving bioavailability. This research constructed pectin-based hesperidin microcapsules (PHM) through self-assembly processes in the deep eutectic solvent, improving the solubility, storage stability, and bioavailability of hesperidin (HES). PHM exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (91.7%) and loading capacity (11.5%), with a small particle size (1.73 μm). The interaction mechanism was clarified through physical characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The vitro release demonstrated that the release ratio of PHM was only 6.4% in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), but reached 80.9% in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The release mechanism of PHM in SGF followed Fickian diffusion, while in SIF followed skeleton dissolution diffusion with a stable rate. Furthermore, the cell cytotoxicity experiments confirmed the remarkable biocompatibility of PHM toward human colon cells, which suggested its potential application in food and pharmaceutical fields.

Meta-photonics: A bridge between physical association and digital models in photonics

Recently, the burgeoning field of metaverse has facilitated the convergence of digital scenarios and the real world to achieve unprecedented interaction patterns. Inspired by this digital approach, we propose the concept of meta-photonics to gain insight into the photonics underlying increasingly complex phenomena, while traditional physics theory is not keeping pace with current observations. Here, we are armed with different deep learning models to build intrinsic dimensions among different physical elements and bring together amplitude, phase, polarization conversion ratio, extinction ratio, unwrapping phase, surface electric field, and connected domain, most of which have never been reported, based on the results of the forward and inverse models. This approach reveals an opportunity to catalyze the discovery of more enigmatic associations among different concepts and paves the way for tailoring more flexible optical responses in the vibrant world of meta-photonics.

Walking recognition

This article intends to analyze how walking recognition operates in a mechanical system that deals with uncertainty and the use of it to create biopolitical power. The objectives are to identify the physics theory how they connect with the philosophical approach. The hypothesis is that this system works in a structure identical to quantum physics laws. New algorithmic techniques have led to the exercise of Foucauldian biopolitical disciplinary power over bodies in the present, using uncertainties about the future as a raw source for defining interventions. Algorithmic prediction, and the panopticon model, are rooted in the desire to understand and exert power over bodies. It was found that, a predictive algorithm implies distinct temporal lines and expands time, which resonates with Schrödinger's model of possibilities and uncertainties, particularly when the observer's intervention can alter the state of affairs. While the past offers limited raw material for manipulation (as in the book "1984"), the future provides an inexhaustible speculative source of hypothetical scenarios (as in Isaac Asimov's book "Foundation") for AI, potentially diminishing the centrality of human self-determination over lives.

The Transformative Role of Group Theory in Physics

This article investigates the significant impact of Group Theory within the field of physics, having a particular focus on its application in comprehending difficult physical systems and phenomena. This report centers on the application of Lie groups, rotational groups, the Poincaré and Lorentz groups in order explain complicated features of physics. The report methodically discusses the role of the SU (2) group in Lie groups, the exploration of the rotational symmetries of the SO(3) group, and the significance of Lorentz transformations in special relativity with results demonstrate how Group Theory explains the nature of angular momentum in quantum mechanics and the limitations of the Schrödinger equation under Lorentz transformations. In addition, how the Poincaré group in special relativity is utilized. However, the scope of Group Theory's applications in physics is vast and multifaceted, making it challenging to encapsulate all its facets in a single report. This expansive field continues to evolve, promising further insights and innovations in the understanding of the physical universe.

Feynman Diagrams beyond Physics: From Biology to Economy

Feynman diagrams represent one of the most powerful and fascinating tools developed in theoretical physics in the last century. Introduced within the framework of quantum electrodynamics as a suitable method for computing the amplitude of a physical process, they rapidly became a fundamental mathematical object in quantum field theory. However, their abstract nature seems to suggest a wider usage, which actually exceeds the physical context. Indeed, as mathematical objects, they could simply be considered graphs that depict not only physical quantities but also biological or economic entities. We survey the analytical and algebraic properties of such diagrams to understand their utility in several areas of science, eventually providing some examples of recent applications.

Simple formulation of no-cloning and no-hiding that admits efficient and robust verification

Incompatibility is a feature of quantum theory that sets it apart from classical theory, and the inability to clone an unknown quantum state is one of the most fundamental instances. The no-hiding theorem is another such instance that arises in the context of the black-hole information paradox, and can be viewed as being dual to no-cloning. Here, we formulate both of these fundamental features of quantum theory in a single form that is amenable to efficient verification, and that is robust to errors arising in state preparation and measurements. We extend the notion of unitarity—an average figure of merit that for quantum theory captures the coherence of a quantum channel—to general physical theories. Then, we introduce the notion of compatible unitarity pair (CUP) sets, that correspond to the allowed values of unitarities for compatible channels in the theory. We show that a CUP set constitutes a simple “fingerprint” of a physical theory, and that incompatibility can be studied through them. We derive information-disturbance constraints on quantum CUP sets that encode both the no-cloning/broadcasting and no-hiding theorems of quantum theory. We then develop randomized benchmarking protocols that efficiently estimate quantum CUP sets and provide simulations using IBMQ of the simplest instance. Finally, we discuss ways in which CUP sets and quantum no-go theorems could provide additional information to benchmark quantum devices. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

The Observer and the General Centrality of Particles

According to the latest cosmological theories, the universe that began expanding with the Big Bang is a homogeneous and isotropic universe whose expansion continues to this day. According to cosmologists, based on this principle, the universe does not have a specific spatial center, and the special geometry considered for this viewpoint necessitates that any point in space can be considered the center of the universe. On the other hand, cosmologists consider the Big Bang as a point on a timeline, not a spatial occurrence. They state that our current best understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe is in line with the Standard Model of Cosmology (SMC), also known as the Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model. This model is based on two main theories of physics: General Relativity (GR) and the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP). General Relativity is used to understand how the expansion of the universe is affected by the matter and energy within it, with gravity being the curvature of spacetime caused by the presence of mass and energy. Also, in this theory, a dimensionless quantity can be used to compare the time experienced by different observers in a gravitational field. This dimensionless quantity is often shown as the time dilation factor (Lorentz factor with the symbol γ, gamma). Alongside this theory, the Standard Model of Particle Physics describes the fundamental particles constituting matter and the three forces: electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear, governing the interactions of these particles. In this model, physicists often express time inversely as energy with the unit of giga-electron volts (GeV) and use it as a framework to understand the behavior of various particles in the early universe. Parallel to these theories, T-Consciousness Cosmology introduces the Spherical Cosmos Model (SCM). This model challenges the spatial centrality found in the standard cosmological model, which is based on the principle of isotropy. By doing so, SCM assigns a special place to the Milky Way galaxy, and consequently, to Earth, which is supported by results obtained from measurements and observations made from the depths of the cosmos. In this viewpoint, time is divided into Longitudinal Time and Transverse Time. The type of time defined in the theory of relativity as a four-dimensional intertwined spacetime is introduced here as an Entropic Time Force, which is a subcategory of Transverse Time. This challenges the definitions provided in SMPP or GR, raising questions about whether time should be considered a dimension or a quantity. T-Consciousness Cosmology states that the cosmos and every one of its components are subject to the Taheri Uncertainty Principle, and further considers them as virtual, by virtue of how they are defined by this principle. This principle can be examined from various angles, and in this discussion, it is approached from the perspective of time. On the other hand, the Taheri Uncertainty Principle segues to theories such as the Temporal Centrality of Particles, Time Continuity, and Time Uncertainty based on the special vantage point of the human observer, highlighting the fundamental role of humans in giving meaning to these concepts.

Adjoint Reidemeister torsions of some 3-manifolds obtained by Dehn surgeries

Abstract We determine the adjoint Reidemeister torsion of a $3$ -manifold obtained by some Dehn surgery along K, where K is either the figure-eight knot or the $5_2$ -knot. As in a vanishing conjecture (Benini et al. (2020, Journal of High Energy Physics 2020, 57), Gang et al. (2020, Journal of High Energy Physics 2020, 164), and Gang et al. (2021, Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 25, 1819–1845)), we consider a similar conjecture and show that the conjecture holds for the 3-manifold.

A Birth–Death Toy Model for a Measure of Consciousness

The ancient Ouroboros symbolism (one who eats oneself) is here integrated into a simple birth–death clustering process that needed nothing but itself for a transition from indistinguishable phases to a sort of higher-level “conscious” phases. Birth and death coefficients are formulated in terms of odd and even exponentials used to represent a suitable form for conscious states via the internal transfer of information. This toy model may ideally quantify conscious states having inner causes via an Ouroboros index 0 < [Formula: see text] < 1. The value [Formula: see text] = 0 lends to infinite loops and the limiting values [Formula: see text] →1 disclose transformation into awareness. Relationships with physics theories of consciousness and the use of the Ouroboros index to discern about conscious-like states in Artificial Intelligence systems are discussed. Consciousness and freedom of will may go side-by-side in the model when [Formula: see text] is extended to be a complex number modulus.