Thematic Axes Research Articles

SCHOOL ATTENDANCE AND CHILDREN'S BIORYTHMS. SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT THEIR SCHOOL TIME, AND OUT – OF SCHOOL TIME AND ITS RELATION TO SCHOOL ATTENDANCE

In recent decades, there has been a strong interest in the relation between the biorhythms and school attendance. It is a fact that school attendance, and therefore school time, can largely determine students’ daily life, their biological functions, and their learning processes. The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between students' biorhythms and their school performance. More specifically, the research focuses on students' perceptions of their time, school and non-school, as well as, how time is associated with school attendance. More particularly, emphasis is placed on students' time in extracurricular activities and how this time relates to their performance in school life. It explores students’ perceptions of various activities they can develop during their school time, as well as the emotions they experience while participating in the school program. The research sample consists of students attending schools of the Secondary Education of the Prefecture of Kozani. Specifically, students from A’, B', C' Gymnasium and A' Lyceum participated in the research (252 students in total). A written structure questionnaire was selected as a tool for data collection, which included closed-ended questions and it was completed individually by the students. The questionnaire included 22 questions. The statistical processing of the collected data was done with the SPSS statistical program and led to the finding that students prefer to manage a part of their school time on their own and that non-school time helps them acquire new knowledge with pleasure. They believe that the lessons should be alternated with practical activities and they do not prefer the school time to last 90 minutes. Additionally, they do not think that their performance in mathematics and language is better in the first hours. The thematic axes of the questionnaire are the following: a) the time in the daily life of the students, b) the wishes of the students in relation to the school time, c) the time in the school and the daily life of the students, d) the time in the school and activities within the school. The results of the research lead to the finding that students prefer the activities they do outside of school because they are more enjoyable for them, since they have chosen them. The activities that students do outside of school come from the personal choices of students, while the activities that students have outside of school have better performance in school activities. There is a positive correlation between school performance and math and language lessons, as students believe that in the early morning hours they can perform better in math and language. 
 
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The relationship between proxy agency and the medical decisions concerning pediatric patients in palliative care: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe children’s agency and that exercised by parents and health professionals in palliative care, along with structural limitations imposed by the conditions of inequality, will provide a new perspective from medical anthropology and biomedicine to improve pediatric palliative care in complex therapeutic scenarios.The main purpose of the study was to analyze the ways in which pediatric patients have agency in relation to their parents and palliative care (PC) professionals within the hospital setting, as well as the structural circumstances that constrain said agency.MethodA hospital ethnography (by means of non-participant observation and interviews) of the palliative care (PC) unit in a children’s hospital was conducted over the course of six months. A thematic analysis was performed using the ATLAS.ti software .ResultsThirteen cases were reconstructed of underage patients of both sexes patients together with their families; five health professionals were interviewed. The analysis identified the following 6 thematic axes, around which this article is organized: 1. The relationship between the exercise of proxy agency and the medical decisions concerning underage patients. 2. Negotiating agency and support in decision-making. 3. Child autonomy. 4. The experiences of health professionals. 5. Limitations of palliative care. 6. Bureaucratization of palliative care.ConclusionsIn pediatric palliative care, agency is a process whereby different agencies intertwine: lack of pediatric patients ‘agency, the parents’ agency, the parents’ agency as representatives of their children (proxy agency), and the agency of health professionals. The concept of relational agency is proposed, defined as a set of group actions and decision-making centered around the pediatric patients’s agency and the proxy agency.

Clock hours of food and nutrition education in curricula of undergraduate nutrition programs: a two-country comparison

ABSTRACT Objective To make a critical and comparative analysis of curricula of Brazilian and Portuguese higher education institutions in terms of clock hours and semester distribution of food and nutrition education in undergraduate nutrition programs, also assessing the main differences among courses classified into thematic axes and professional practice areas. Methods The curricula of fifteen Brazilian and eleven Portuguese nutrition programs were collected and classified into thematic axes and professional practice areas with the method of Document Analysis. Next, we performed statistical analysis regarding the total and proportional clock hours of instruction and their semester distribution to assess the differences between the two countries. The variables of interest were the hours of Food and Nutrition Education and their semester distribution. Results The Food and Nutrition Education axis was the second smallest one, with statistically significant differences among the axes (2.2% of curricula; p<0.001). Brazilian higher education institutions showed greater total clock hours of Food and Nutrition Education (p=0.018), Human and Social Sciences (p=0.003), Public Health (p<0.001), as well as a wider dispersion and lower relative weighted mean for the semester offering of courses (p=0.004) of Food and Nutrition Education courses. Portuguese higher education institutions showed greater total and proportional clock hours of instruction for Exact Sciences (p<0.005; p=0.001, respectively) and more proportional hours of Biologic and Health Sciences (p<0.001). Conclusion Our study found a reduced presence of the area of Food and Nutrition Education in the undergraduate training of nutritionists in both countries.

Mental health and workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: an international literature Survey

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that Covid-19 reached a pandemic level. In this regard, quarantine measures were applied by governmental organizations. Such measures had a negative impact on the mental health of the whole population, and thus, of the workers. This study aims to survey the international literature on aspects of mental health in workers in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, available in the Scopus database. The methodology used is classified as exploratory, descriptive, and quantitative with a bibliometric approach. After searching and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 217 documents were retrieved. For analysis, 7 thematic axes were organized, pointing out the main findings of each topic. As results, it was found that there is an important academic production on mental health aspects of health professionals, and less investigations with workers from other contexts. Still, it was identified that Brazilian researchers have played an important role in the production of this knowledge. It is concluded that the entire scientific community is engaged, especially in the health field, to conduct investigations addressing aspects of mental health and workers in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Actions for children's mental health on Unified Health System (SUS) Primary Health Care: an integrative review of Brazilian literature.

This paper aimed to characterize actions directed to children's mental health (CMH) in Primary Health Care (PHC), based on an integrative review of Brazilian literature (2006-2017). The searches were carried out from LILACS, SciELO and VHL Network databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were identified for analysis, which were presented in three thematic axes: 1) Characterization of the demands on CMH for PHC; 2) Actions and interventions on CMH carried out in PHC; and 3) Difficulties and propositions for the implementation of actions on CMH in PHC. The literature points, as the main actions, the identification of CMH problems and their referral to care by specialties. Some studies described specific actions of professionals such as physicians, pediatricians, and psychologists. Interventions of a local character or in partnerships with universities were also identified. The analysis of this material indicated that PHC has been considered as an important field of action in CMH, but that nevertheless requires greater investments, especially in professional training and work organization.

PUBLIC POLICIES IN BRAZIL: systematic literature review

The present study aims to analyze the Evolution of public policies in Brazil from 2010 to 2019, on the perspective of their development, actors and social movements involvement and of the development of the public policies cycle phases. It were identified thirty relevant studies that were also relevant and in accordance to the approached issue. The analysis enabled the Division of the articles in thematic axes, and thus a better presentation of the results and discussion, being them: context of public policies in Brazil, actors and social movements and public policies cycle. The analysis of public policies in Brazil can be considered recent, however with great advances that survived since the Federal Constitution.

Women and leprosy: interferences and experiences*

Objective: to know the interferences of leprosy in women's lives and how they reinvent themselves in coping with the disease. Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The theoretical-methodological framework adopts an approximation to the cartographic method and some concepts of schizoanalysis, which were used to analyze the data. The tools used to produce the data were the interview and the logbook. The interviews were conducted from July to November 2019, at the participants' homes. Results: the group consisted of nine women. To display the data, we were inspired by Deleuze's ideas about difference and repetition. The results were organized in three thematic axes that address the lives of these women affected by leprosy, which accompany concerns, anxieties and worries about the effects of the disease. The transformations in the female body, the financial maintenance itself due to the comorbidities caused by leprosy and its difficulties in guaranteeing rights are elements strongly pointed out by women. Conclusion: there is overlap and interference of the female condition in a patriarchal society that still accompanies it. We bet on the strength of becoming-a-woman and the need to consider them in their singularities and in their context for producing care permeated by meetings of the affirmation of the power of life.

Women and leprosy: interferences and experiences.

Objective: to know the interferences of leprosy in women's lives and how they reinvent themselves in coping with the disease.Method: a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The theoretical-methodological framework adopts an approximation to the cartographic method and some concepts of schizoanalysis, which were used to analyze the data. The tools used to produce the data were the interview and the logbook. The interviews were conducted from July to November 2019, at the participants' homes.Results: the group consisted of nine women. To display the data, we were inspired by Deleuze's ideas about difference and repetition. The results were organized in three thematic axes that address the lives of these women affected by leprosy, which accompany concerns, anxieties and worries about the effects of the disease. The transformations in the female body, the financial maintenance itself due to the comorbidities caused by leprosy and its difficulties in guaranteeing rights are elements strongly pointed out by women.Conclusion: there is overlap and interference of the female condition in a patriarchal society that still accompanies it. We bet on the strength of becoming-a-woman and the need to consider them in their singularities and in their context for producing care permeated by meetings of the affirmation of the power of life.

Nursing work in the COVID-19 pandemic and repercussions for workers' mental health.

To reflect about the work context of nursing professionals in the COVID-19 pandemic and the repercussions for these professionals' mental health. This is a theoretical reflective study with two thematic axes: i) Pandemic by COVID-19: epidemiological condition, manifestations, and preventive measures; ii) Precariousness of work in times of pandemic and impacts on the worker's mental health. The COVID-19 pandemic made explicit the reflects of precariousness in the health sector. For example, the psychological suffering of nursing workers was evidenced due to the scarcity of personal protective equipment, the weakness in the description of the protocols and the flows for the effective control of infections, the long working hours, the inadequate professional training for crisis scenario and uncertainty in relation to therapeutic measures. The present article brings to light the aggravation of a scenario that raises the potential for negative impact on the mental health of nursing workers.

O AMBIENTE DE NEGÓCIOS NOS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESPÍRITO SANTO VISTO POR UM INDICADOR COMPOSTO

This article has the aim to present the Indicador de Ambiente de Negócios (IAN) developed to follow a set of factors that can improve Espirito Santo State's Municipalities. This work begins with a discussion of the term business environment and how axes of indicators were chosen to address the issue at the municipal level. Next, the statistical methodology is presented to permit the aggregation of a composite indicator and the comparing values in different years. The results of IAN are shown in sequence opening for the four thematic axes, infrastructure, market potential, human capital, and fiscal management. Lastly, an exercise is made to observe a dataset deviation at the municipalities level as an example to IAN's application to build more robust diagnostics.

Risks of occupational illnesses among health workers providing care to patients with COVID-19: an integrative review.

Objective:to analyze evidence concerning the risks of occupational illnesses to which health workers providing care to patients infected with COVID-19 are exposed.Method:integrative literature review conducted in the following online databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science (WoS), Excerpta Medica Data-Base (EMBASE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Scopus (Elsevier). Original articles published between November 2019 and June 2020, regardless of the language written, were included. A descriptive analysis according to two categories is presented.Results:the sample is composed of 19 scientific papers. Most were cross-sectional studies with an evidence level 2C (n=17, 90%) written in English (n=16, 84%). The primary thematic axes were risk of contamination and risk of psycho-emotional illness arising from the delivery of care to patients infected with COVID-19.Conclusion:the review presents the potential effects of providing care to patients with COVID-19 on the health of workers. It also reveals the importance of interventions focused on the most prevalent occupational risks during the pandemic. The studies’ level of evidence suggests a need for studies with more robust designs.

Salutogenic resources for promoting teachers’ vocal health

ABSTRACT Purpose: to understand what salutogenic resources have been developed to promote public school teachers’ vocal health. Methods: a descriptive exploratory qualitative study, carried out from September to October 2017, with teachers from the initial grades of five schools in the public school system. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were carried out, submitted to thematic analysis in the light of salutogenic theory. Results: thirty teachers participated and four thematic axes emerged: Voice perception in daily work; Voice’s aggressive factors; Salutogenic resources to promote vocal health; Practices for vocal health promotion. The following internal salutogenic resources were highlighted: the family and social bond; social relations and the propelling resources of a psychological and spiritual order. As potentialities to promote vocal health: water intake, creativity in classroom activities, quality of sleep, performance of a speech therapist, and development of health promotion practices at school. Conclusion: teachers identify and mobilize salutogenic resources to promote the health of their voices. However, it is necessary to reformulate practices in the school context to improve teachers’ vocal health and quality of life.

RPS Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís): history, objectives and methods.

This paper describes the history, objectives and methods used by the nine Brazilian cohorts of the RPS Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas and São Luís) Common thematic axes are identified and the objectives, baseline periods, follow-up stages and representativity of the population studied are presented. The Consortium includes three birth cohorts from Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State (1978/1979, 1994 and 2010), four from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State (1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015), and two from São Luís, Maranhão State (1997 and 2010). The cohorts cover three regions of Brazil, from three distinct states, with marked socioeconomic, cultural and infrastructure differences. The cohorts were started at birth, except for the most recent one in each municipality, where mothers were recruited during pregnancy. The instruments for data collection have been refined in order to approach different exposures during the early phases of life and their long-term influence on the health-disease process. The investigators of the nine cohorts carried out perinatal studies and later studied human capital, mental health, nutrition and precursor signs of noncommunicable diseases. A total of 17,636 liveborns were recruited in Ribeirão Preto, 19,669 in Pelotas, and 7,659 in São Luís. In the studies starting during pregnancy, 1,400 pregnant women were interviewed in Ribeirão Preto, 3,199 in Pelotas, and 1,447 in São Luís. Different strategies were employed to reduce losses to follow-up. This research network allows the analysis of the incidence of diseases and the establishment of possible causal relations that might explain the health outcomes of these populations in order to contribute to the development of governmental actions and health policies more consistent with reality.

Suturing Skills for Medical Students: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify all published evidence on teaching suturing skills for medical students. We aimed to outline significant positive teaching outcomes and devise a comprehensive framework for the optimal teaching of suturing skills for medical students. We searched MEDLINE® (via Ovid), EMBASE and SCOPUS databases until July 2019 with no language restriction using predefined 'Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO)' criteria. Data were summarised in discrete thematic axes using a qualitative synthesis approach. Our search yielded a total of 2,562 articles, out of which 25 were included in the final data synthesis. We provide a structured breakdown of educational interventions including participants, instructors and nature of teaching intervention. We also describe discrete means for assessment of performance and retention of suturing skills. Based on those we propose a standardised framework on teaching suturing skills for novices. To our knowledge this is the first systematic review investigating teaching interventions used to teach suturing skills in medical students. After extraction of individual positive teaching outcomes and utilising widely known learning theories and principles, we devised a comprehensive framework for more efficient and cost-effective teaching of suturing skills to medical students in the future.

Music and Interculturality: Service-Learning Project in University Contexts

AbstractService-learning, as an educational proposal in the university field, supposes an experience of improvement in learning. Music is undoubtedly a universal tool of social nature that facilitates the implementation of this type of educational innovation experience, helping students learn to be professionally competent while being useful to others. This article describes the experience and evaluation of service-learning carried out in the Faculty of Education Sciences of Santiago de Compostela with students in degrees and primary schools with a mention of music. The educational proposal was implemented in the hospital-classroom of the Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela and local libraries. The purpose of implementing the service-learning project in subjects was to significantly improve learning and motivation through community service, using, as central axes, the preparation of a musical show and its corresponding teaching materials where the thematic axes the preparation of a musical show and its corresponding teaching materials interculturality. The purpose of working on this theme with students of children and primary school educational levels or degrees was to provide teachers with resources through music and art. The results were found satisfactory for students, concluding that this type of teaching practice improves both the quality of teaching and the durability and compression of learning.

Covid-19 and repercussions in mental health: a narrative review of literature.

To identify the repercussions on mental health of groups and populations in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic. Narrative review carired out in three databases, in March 2020, using the descriptors mental health and coronavirus. A total of 19 publications were analyzed, organized in a synoptic chart, containing type of publication, authors, country, sample, objective, and main results. From this analysis, two thematic axes emerged: identification of problems and vulnerable groups in mental health; and mental health interventions and actions. The first axis showed manifestations of suffering - anguish, insomnia, anger, stress, fear. The second revealed the need to build government policies and general guidelines; production of information and communication; and mental health care practices. The repercussions on mental health in the population intensified with the pandemic, identifying vulnerable groups, and the need to build coping strategies and policies aimed at mental health during epidemics.

The institutionalized Buen Vivir: a new hegemonic political paradigm for Ecuador

Buen Vivir has recently emerged in Latin America as an alternative societal model to the historical liberal (or neoliberal) and Marxist ones. The article focuses on its Ecuadorian variant and, more specifically, the institutionalized version embodied in the 2008 Constitution and the policies of the Citizens’ Revolution governments. This version is the particular result of the convergence of three different currents and has become the hegemonic ideology in the country. The article describes its main thematic axes and appraises its originality, as well as the theoretical and practical contributions.

OBSERVATÓRIO DA DEMOCRACIA DE ALFENAS/MG: POSSIBILIDADES E DESAFIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS ATRAVÉS DO PARLAMENTO JOVEM

This text is a report on the experience of the outreach project Observatory of Democracy, by implementing the Youth Parliament in Alfenas / MG. The project aimed to enhance spaces for training and for political democratic education and human rights education, articulating actions through the Youth Parliament. Its methodology consisted of planning and sharing workshops, lectures, plenary sessions and informational materials in partnership with civil entities and the City Council. It also reflects on the possibilities and limits of an outreach action in human rights education articulated through the Youth Parliament. Among the possibilities, the use of the structure and the thematic axes developed by the Assembly of Minas, the articulation between the legislative power, university and civil associations. Among the challenges, the low investment of the Chambers in political education and the consequent disarticulation of schools in educational actions.

Mobile learning in the teaching of mathematics: a conceptual cartography

Designing a mobile learning environment for mathematics education requires an understanding of how technology relates to various epistemological and pedagogical systems. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze scientific literature on mobile learning in mathematics teaching through the axes of conceptual mapping within the framework of qualitative research. The analysis categories were: notion, categorization, characterization, differentiation, methodology and exemplification. The contribution of this work refers to the definition of mobile learning in the teaching of mathematics considering its characteristics, such as context creation, social interaction, multimedia content and usability. It was identified that mobile learning increases the possibilities of electronic learning and enables ubiquitous learning when the student is immersed in the learning context. The studies analyzed do not report a precise methodology that allows evaluating the relevance of the design of a mobile learning environment. However, it was identified that the choice of the pedagogical principles and the definition of a thematic axis are fundamental. In addition to the demand for teachers' theoretical, pedagogical and digital skills. This work provides elements that could guide further research and applications.

La radicalización de la modernidad. Ideas y debates de la Francia contemporánea

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este artículo conjunta dos tradiciones argumen- tativas que nutren la teoría política: la que se construye a partir de la lectura empática y analítica de grandes teóricos y la que da cuerpo al ensayo riguroso y convocante del encuentro entre pensador y texto, en este caso del intelectual francés Pierre Rosanvallon. Aquí se exponen y analizan ejes temáticos y problemáticas centrales de la obra de este historiador, a la luz de sus propias premisas conceptuales, configuradas en un permanente interlocución con científicos sociales y filósofos con los que ha dialogado. Pluralismo teórico y originalidad definen a este autor. A su vez, su pensamiento se contextualiza con los desarrollos sociales, políticos y culturales que permiten ponderar las propias visiones y diagnósticos de Rosanvallon. </span></p></div></div></div>