Textual Perspective Research Articles

Long-term care insurance and implementation for older people in China: a systematic review of textual evidence protocol.

The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize and compare policies and implementation strategies on long-term care insurance for older people in China. Current information about China's long-term care insurance from a textual perspective is limited. Due to late inception and fragmented management, textual evidence on this topic will offer a unique perspective on the structure and implementation strategies of long-term care insurance policies in China. The population of this review will be adults aged 60years or over. The phenomena of interest will be long-term care insurance policies and implementation strategies in China. Published sources and gray literature in English and Chinese since 2016 will be included. Exclusions will apply to hospitalized individuals as well as those under 60years of age, who are permanently disabled due to illness or disability. The proposed systematic review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of textual evidence. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, Embase, (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). For gray literature, we will conduct an advanced Google search as well as searching ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. Additionally, we will search the websites of local governments in pilot cities. The JBI critical appraisal checklist for textual evidence will be used to evaluate the quality of textual sources. All identified sources will be retrieved and assessed in detail by 2 independent reviewers. Data extraction and synthesis will be conducted using the JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information. A meta-aggregative approach will be employed to synthesize data and conclusions, which will be graded using ConQual. A recommendation will be issued as a Good Practice Statement. PROSPERO CRD42023414967.

『공손룡자』의 위작 여부 연구 - 직하학파와 오행 사상을 중심으로

The question of whether Gongsun Longzi is an authentic text remains a subject of scholarly debate, with opposing views arguing that the entire text is spurious, only certain sections are inauthentic, or that it is entirely genuine. This study defines spurious texts as those that cannot be considered contemporaneous with the era of Gongsun Long and seeks to identify which portions of Gongsun Longzi fail to meet this criterion. First, this study examines the disputed chapter “Jifu” and the latter half of Gongsun Longzi, identifying a shared feature: both “Jifu” and the blue-white dialogue (qingbai wenda) in “Tongbian lun” contain political arguments rooted in the intellectual tradition of the Zhixia School. Second, it analyzes the Five Elements theory as presented in the blue-white dialogue in “Tongbian lun”, taking into account the historical evolution of Five Elements theory and the recorded relationship between Zou Yan and Gongsun Long. Based on this analysis, the study concludes that the blue-white dialogue in “Tongbian lun” is better understood as a composition created after Gongsun Longzi’s time. Through this investigation, the study argues that the blue-white dialogue in “Tongbian lun” cannot be considered a work contemporaneous with Gongsun Longzi. If substantiated, this argument may provide insights into the previously noted differences between the first and the second halves of the Gongsun Longzi. Furthermore, by distinguishing between the School of Names’ original focus on the relationship between names and actualities and political arguments incorporating Five Elements theory, it becomes possible to reevaluate the pure philosophical thought of the School of Names during Gongsun Longzi’s era. From a textual perspective, this analysis may also contribute to clarifying the relationships and chronological order among “Jifu”, the Lüshi Chunqiu, and the Kongcongzi.

De la cohésion et de la cohérence dans le texte modianien : Analyse de quelques procédés discursifs participant de la rupture thématique.

Any attentive reader to the organization of the Modian text will certainly be surprised by the profusion of fragmented phrase structures that are divided and disjoined, forms which do not conform to the model of the canonical sentence and other elements of inconsistency or rupture within the narrative frame. This sounds evident in any novel of Modiano to be convinced about it. One can notice the presence of a set of unfinished sentences, the use ellipsis marks, and see how one is overwhelmed by a plethora of figures such as parcellarization, ellipse, reluctance ... which, by the syntactic discontinuities and thematic rupture generate, commonlythe influence of the textual organization and sometimes compromise the narrative texture. It is within this the context that our study is framed. Through a stylistic analysis of the phrase structures, approached from a textual perspective, we seek to define closely the influence of the use of all these procedures on textual cohesion and coherence while assessing their effects on narration in order to understand how the Modian text generates meaning.

A Study of Racial Equality in Islam and Blackness by Jonathan A.C. Brown (Hadith Approach)

This study intends to analyze the racism addressed by a progressive Islamic Western academic Jonathan A.C. Brown in his book Islam and Blackness. Racism is influenced by a certain perception of race and blackness that originated in the Western world, particularly in the United States. This perception has had a significant impact on worldwide discussions and debates. Particularly, there is still an obvious distinction between black and white in the social sphere. Qualitative research depends on written material obtained through library research and is conducted through dialogue with primary sources. The analytical hadith approach employed is domain analysis, which is utilized for the purpose of exploration and content analysis. According to Brown, the issue of racial equality arises from varying ethnic preferences in different regions. Culture has a crucial role, thus, the components of attraction that are most potentially vulnerable to change are those influenced by cultural conditioning. Meanwhile, in the sharia tradition, the Prophet, serving as the primary advocate, explicitly commands the necessity of breaking the most severe social boundaries in his community. The most effective solution, therefore, is in the dedication of individual, community, and communal leaders to transcending the divisions of race, socioeconomic status, and culture. Jonathan A.C Brown properly explores the intersection of science and religion to realize the racial equality, specifically focusing on three levels of integration: the textual perspective, the scientific perspective, and the philosophical-transformative perspective.

Historical Continuity in the Morphological Marking of Subjectivity? Textual Perspectives on the Origin of English Adverbial "-ly" in Late Old and Early Middle English

In spite of the fact that the Present-Day English “adverbial signature” – the suffix ‑ly – is peculiar to English among the Germanic languages and that its emergence seems to conflict with general tendencies of language change in English – the loss of inflectional endings and the fact that English is otherwise happy to allow zero-derivation – neither the early history of ‑ly in Old and Middle English nor the exact date and reasons for its remarkable spread have been fully understood. Recently, the subjective semantics of adverbs in ‑ly have received considerable attention, in both synchronic and diachronic studies. This claim for a particular subjective (abstract or figurative) meaning of adverbs in ‑ly, however, rests almost exclusively one study, Donner’s lexicographical examination of MED material (1991). This chapter inspects the potential of comprehensive textual studies for the suggested subjective semantics in the early use of ‑ly, focussing on two late Old English translations of the Theodulfi Capitula and the early Middle English poem The Owl and the Nightingale, one of the earliest idiomatic and colloquial English texts.

The Christian interpretations on the nature of heaven’s mandate in late Ming and early Qing dynasties

This paper aims to examine in detail the Christian interpretations on the Confucian concept of the nature of the heaven’s mandate [天命之性] during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties from historical and textual perspective. Neo-Confucians of the Song Dynasty interpret the nature of the heaven’s mandate as human nature, believing that heaven endowed humans with reason, known as the heavenly principle [天理]. In the late Ming period, Christian missionaries such as Jesuits in China used Confucian classics to convey Christian thoughts, interpreting the heaven’s mandate as God’s mandate and the nature of the heaven’s mandate as the spirituality bestowed by God, which is equated with the soul. They also used the nature of the heaven’s mandate as a criterion for determining the authenticity of a teaching (religion[教]), asserting that Christianity is the true teaching (religion). Thus, Christianity in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties provides a new interpretation on the nature of the heaven’s mandate and promotes the integration of Christian and Confucian thoughts through this interpretation.Contribution: The paper provides a detailed review of the history of Christian interpretations on the nature of the heaven’s mandate during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Currently, there is limited scholarly research on the theological thoughts of Christianity during this period. This study not only enhances the understanding of the new interpretations by Christianity but also aids in comprehending the theological ideas of Christianity during the late Ming and early Qing periods. By reinterpreting Confucian classics, Christianity endowed them with new meanings, offering valuable references for the localisation of Christian theology and the study of cross-cultural exchange.

A Hierarchical Network for Multimodal Document-Level Relation Extraction

Document-level relation extraction aims to extract entity relations that span across multiple sentences. This task faces two critical issues: long dependency and mention selection. Prior works address the above problems from the textual perspective, however, it is hard to handle these problems solely based on text information. In this paper, we leverage video information to provide additional evidence for understanding long dependencies and offer a wider perspective for identifying relevant mentions, thus giving rise to a new task named Multimodal Document-level Relation Extraction (MDocRE). To tackle this new task, we construct a human-annotated dataset including documents and relevant videos, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first document-level relation extraction dataset equipped with video clips. We also propose a hierarchical framework to learn interactions between different dependency levels and a textual-guided transformer architecture that incorporates both textual and video modalities. In addition, we utilize a mention gate module to address the mention-selection problem in both modalities. Experiments on our proposed dataset show that 1) incorporating video information greatly improves model performance; 2) our hierarchical framework has state-of-the-art results compared with both unimodal and multimodal baselines; 3) through collaborating with video information, our model better solves the long-dependency and mention-selection problems.

The Writing of the Body in the Kumarajiva from the Imagery of the Sun

Across multiple civilizations, the sun has been for centuries considered an extremely prized cultural symbol with numerous connotations. In "Kumarajiva" by Shi Jincun, the sun is a recurring symbol that plays a significant role in the story's emotional transformation of the protagonist. Therefore, it is interesting to delve deeper into the meaning of this image. This essay aims to analyze the coexistence of the two suns in Kumarajiva, which represent human and buddhist nature, respectively, with their various cultural connotations. It also seeks to uncover the narrative idea of the supremacy of the body in the work by highlighting the rivalry and differences between the two suns. This paper aims to bridge the gap between the study of narrative and literary history by examining the similarities between the concept and the principle of neo-sensationalist creativity. It will also offer textual perspectives on the genre attribution of Shi Zhecun, a case that has garnered significant attention in literary history.

The Minangkabau Interpretation of The Qur’an: Tradition and Characteristics of The Minangkabau Interpretation of The Qur’an

This article examines the interpretation of the Quran in Minangkabau from the perspectives of the method of interpretation, interpretation techniques, and interpretation schools of thought. Exegesis of the Quran is one of the sciences that Urang Siak (students) must study in the surau. With a passion for the Quran, literature relating to the Quran was discovered, which is the product of scholars from Minangkabau. The literature extends from Mahmud Yunus' Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim to Hamka's Tafsir al-Azhar. This research is a library research using primary sources such as exegesis books by Minangkabau scholars, including Tafsir al-Quran al-Karim by Mahmud Yunus, Tafsir al-Azhar by Hamka, Risālat al-Qawl al-Bayān by Sulaiman al-Rasuli, Kitāb Tafsīr al-Burhān by Abdul Karim Amrullah, and Tafsir al-Azhar by Hamka. The secondary sources include exegesis books and other relevant books. The research is phenomenological and employs a scientific approach to interpretation and a historical approach. The findings indicate that textual interpretation predominates over contextual interpretation. Textual interpretation can be separated into conventional textual interpretation and contemporary textual interpretation. The traditional textual perspective interprets the Quran literally, whereas the contemporary textual perspective employs rational thought as well. The tradition of Minangkabau scholars interpreting the Quran began in the early 19th century, and the Minangkabau interpretation of the Quran cannot be isolated from the influence of Egyptian scholars' interpretations, particularly Tafsr Jallain.

Worldview, Strategy, and Strategic Principles in Three Muslim Military Treatises

This study looks into the origins of strategy in Islām and its development from metaphysical, historiographical, and textual perspectives. Corresponding “strategy” with the terms siyāsah, ḥiyal, and tadbīr in Muslim lexicology, it uses semantic field analysis to examine how the term and concept have been used by the Muslims, particularly within the Sunnī-Ashʿarite metaphysical framework. Historiographical method is used to examine the development of strategy from pre-Islamic times, during the Prophetic period, and in the significant periods of the ʿAbbasid-Ayyūbid partnership and the beginning of the Timūrid era. The study also examines the text of three Muslim military treatises, each representing a different Muslim era in order to postulate the existence of an Islamic military tradition. Finally, the study analyses interpretatively the recurrent themes across the selected works and summarises them into strategic principles.

Cognition and gender differences in cyberbullying in China: an investigation of textual cues and sentimental clues

Purpose Cyberbullying is a globally pervasive problem and not novel in academia. Previous studies mainly focussed on the features, consequences and technological management of cyberbullying. However, most of the studies took cyberbullying examples in the West, and some issues still need to be addressed in the Chinese context. Thus, this study investigates how participants use cyberbullying words and why they use them in that particular way in China.Design/methodology/approach This study uses content analysis to summarise the typical features of cyberbullying words, revealing a positive relationship between cyberbullying words and sentimental expressions. This paper also uses the questionnaire (N = 705) to explore the prevalence of cyberbullying among Chinese Internet users and to compare the gender differences in the cognition of cyberbullying words and involvement in cyberbullying, in line with the social cognitive theory.Findings This study stated that people prefer repetitively using offensive words to achieve cyberbullying goals. Interestingly, this study does not find obvious gender differences in cyberbullying roles and cyberbullying language use. However, it explained the relationship between cognition and the use of cyberbullying words from a gender perspective.Practical implications Theoretically, this study expands cyberbullying studies into a new cultural environment, pointing to a novel term, “imbalanced relation,” for exploring cyberbullying behaviours. This study highlights the significance of technology and education in detecting and preventing cyberbullying, suggesting that educators and social media platforms can directly predict and prevent cyberbullying through textual perspectives and individuals' cognition of cyberbullying.Originality/value This study aims to examine cyberbullying linguistic and emotional features and individual differences in cyberbullying behaviour in a high-context culture like China. Its values include comparing the differences between cyberbullying in China and cyberbullying in the West from the linguistic and cultural directions and reconsidering the “power imbalance” feature of cyberbullying.

Voices of the Dying

Abstract This paper discusses the convention of off-stage cries deployed in Greek tragedy and satyr play chiefly to represent violent events. Unlike other studies dedicated to this topic, it is primarily focused on the cries themselves and to a lesser extent on their context, both dramatic and theatrical. Using the familiar distinction between word and action, it begins with a simple question: how exactly does an off-stage cry represent a violent event taking place within? Examined first as textual phenomena the voices from within are found to acquire their meaning through the discourse of the characters, and not as cries per se. The performative approach, however, also brings their auditory dimension into perspective. Although the evidence is mostly circumstantial, its cumulative weight does suggest that the vocal qualities of the off-stage cries could endow them with meanings unaccounted for in the textual perspective.

A comparative study of nominal group systems and structures between Lhasa Tibetan and Mandarin Chinese

Abstract This paper presents a text-based comparative study of the construal of entities through nominal groups in Lhasa Tibetan and Mandarin Chinese. It approaches the grammatical description of nominal groups from the ideational and textual perspectives, and gives priority to the perspective “from above”, taking as point of departure the discourse semantic systems of ideation and identification. From the perspective of ideation, the comparison focuses on the classification, description and quantification of entities. From the perspective of identification, the comparison focuses on the presentation or presumption of entities in discourse, and the determination and qualification of them. In terms of grammatical realisations, the nucleus function of a nominal group, Thing, enters into multivariate structures with a range of pre- and post-Thing functions. However, configuration and realisation of the functions are language-specific. This study makes explicit structural consequences of systemic choices in nominal group grammar, and attends to the problem of structural markers, drawing on the notion of “subjacency” structure proposed in Martin et al. (2021) and Martin and Doran (this issue).

Strengthened social ties in disasters: Threat-awe encourages interdependent worldviews via powerlessness.

Threat-awe, a negatively valenced variant of awe, is thought to strengthen social ties among community members. However, few empirical studies have examined the social functions of threat-awe. This study investigated whether threat-awe is linked to interdependent worldviews through feelings of powerlessness in comparison with positive awe. After remembering and describing their experiences of positive-or threat-awe, 486 Japanese participants reported on items regarding a small self, a sense of powerlessness, and interdependent worldviews. The results demonstrated that threat-awe encouraged interdependent worldviews via an increased sense of powerlessness, rather than the small self, compared to the positive awe condition. From textual perspectives, the semantic networks between awe-related and other words differed from the descriptions of threat-awe and positive awe experiences. These results provide a more nuanced understanding of the emotions of awe as well as new insights into human cooperation in the context of disasters.

In/directness in requests and refusals in EFL by multilinguals with L1 Hebrew or Arabic: A linguistic and textual perspective

This study investigated the linguistic and textual features characterizing direct and indirect speech act productions of requests and refusals in English by two multilingual populations: Arabic native speakers for whom English is their L3 and Hebrew is their L2, and Hebrew native speakers for whom English is their L2. Data were collected using a Discourse Completion Task and a background questionnaire. The findings revealed no statistical differences between the groups in the production of either the direct or the indirect mode of request and refusal: both groups preferred the indirect mode for requests and the direct mode for refusals. However, there were differences in the use of linguistic/textual features between direct and indirect requests/refusals within each language group, and differences in the use of features between the language groups within the directness mode. These findings are discussed in terms of cultural influences as well as differences in English proficiency levels.

Frag. 2 of 2QRuthb

Abstract This contribution focuses on fragment 2 of 2QRuthb, which attests several difficulties from a material, palaeographic, and textual perspective. The analysis proposes a hypothesis regarding its composition and the identification of the text. This fragment may be considered a textual witness of Ruth 3:10–11 and it attests a textual variant, which agrees with the Septuagint against the Masoretic Text.

Multi-view semantic understanding for visual dialog

Visual dialog, as a challenging cross-media task, requires answering a sequence of questions based on a given image and dialog history. Hence the key problem becomes how to answer visually grounded questions based on ambiguous reference information from dialog. In this work, we propose a novel method called Multi-View Semantic Understanding for Visual Dialog (MVSU) to resolve the visual coreference resolution problem. The model consists of two main textual processing modules, SRR (Semantic Retention RNN) and CRoT (Coreference Resolution on Text). Specifically, the SRR module generates word features that have semantical meaning by considering contextual information. The CRoT module is from a textual perspective to divide all useful nouns and pronouns into different clusters that serve as the supplement of the detailed information for semantic understanding. In experiments, we demonstrate that MVSU enhances the ability to understand the semantical information on the VisDial v1.0 dataset.

A fragment of an unknown Armenian homiletic collection from the Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts

In the Armenian manuscripts fund of the Georgian National Centre of Manuscripts there is preserved a Gospel, which paleographically dates back to the 15th century [10:238]. The Gospel was restored in the 60s of the 20th century, and the fragments of the authentic leather cover are preserved. In the course of the restoration, it appears that two sheets of parchment used as flyleaves have been removed. The parchment fragments are horizontally cut parts of a single sheet and attract attention from both paleographical and textual perspectives. Before being cut, the size of the fragment was 320x210, but even this does not reflect the original size of the parchment sheet, since only one column survives in the fragment, that too incompletely, and the manuscript must have been written in at least two columns. In the fragment preserved today, the size of the column is 115 mm, the distance be-tween the columns is 20 mm, there are 22 lines in the column, the distance between the lines is 10 mm, the bottom margin is 110 mm, and the right margin is 82 mm.

Letting Go, Coming Out, and Working Through: Queer Frozen

This article builds on an already established understanding of Disney’s Frozen as a queer text. Following Judith Butler, however, it works against a notion of ‘queer’ that is locatable in the intrinsic truth of plot, imagery, and character, and removed from questions of performance and narration. In taking this approach, and in keeping with the focus of this Special Edition of Humanities, the article undertakes an extensive, fine-grained reading of ‘Let it Go’, the stand-out song from the first Frozen film. Rather than argue for or against the idea that ‘Let it Go’ is a Coming Out song, issues of textual perspective and textual difference are foregrounded in a way that challenges claims to the stability of identity. The pressing question, for this article, is not whether the lead character of Frozen truly is ‘out’, but the possibility of fixing identity in this way, the precise nature of the reversals and antagonisms that being ‘out’ and ‘letting it go’ require in this particular text, and how such determinations might impact on a wider understanding of ‘queer’.

Textual perspectives: Screenwriting styles, modes and languages

While addressing the question of screenplay textuality, this Special Issue takes a close interest in the ‘media thickness’ of the screenplay in its textual form. In doing so, we wish to contribute to the exploration and affirmation of scenaristic processes as both cultural and intermedial practices, as in general, screenwriting and screenplays are indeed to be considered at the crossroads of different artistic, mediatic and social fields. This is a flexible editorial posture and assumed as such, one which above all aims to consider the constitutive plurality of given textual practices, not only in terms of conceptual and social anchoring, but also of styles, modes and languages.