Textual Frames Research Articles

The influence of visual and textual frames on people’s perception of migrants

This study investigated how the combination of textual and visual frames influences the attribution of responsibility for arrest and deportation of undocumented migrants and empathy. A 3 visual frame: (no photo, stereotypical photo, counter-stereotypical photo) × 2 textual frame: (episodic, thematic) between-subjects online experiment revealed that including a counter-stereotypical photograph in both episodic and thematic news stories had a positive effect on empathy for undocumented migrants but did not affect responsibility for arrest and deportation. Adding a stereotypical photograph to an episodic news story significantly reduced societal responsibility for arrest and deportation and decreased the level of empathy.

Portraying the Pandemic: Analysis of Textual-Visual Frames in German News Coverage of COVID-19 on Twitter

ABSTRACT The novel coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) resulted in a severe global pandemic in 2020. Amid the unprecedented health crisis, visuals play important roles in media framing and health crisis communication. This article provides one of the first analyses of textual-visual news concerning COVID-19 posted by two leading German newspapers on Twitter. Our objective is to integrate texts and visuals into framing analysis to better understand the multimodal news presentation of health crises. A quantitative content analysis of 2479 tweets examined nine news frames, among which politics and instructions, update information, economic impact and social impact presented more thematic salience. The semiotic signs of indexical, symbolic and iconic appeared in news visuals and served evidential, performative and illustrative functions. The results also detected recurrent news visuals in the color-clustered patterns. Notably, an alluvial diagram revealed the connections between textual frames and visual signs across three crisis phases. In recognizing the diverse roles of visuals in constructing mediated reality, this article demonstrates the value in the multimodal framing of health crises and suggests expanding our focus to risk cultures for future international comparative research.

TIPOVI UOKVIRAVANjA U ROMANU „ZONA ZAMFIROVA“ STEVANA SREMCA U SVETLU KOGNITIVNE NARATOLOGIJE

The paper focuses on the framing types in the novel Zona Zamfirova by Stevan Sremac. We aim to determine a postclassical approach to narrative and the term narrative itself by establishing its relation to methodological guidelines of postclassical and cognitive narratol- ogy. Analyzing frames inevitably opens the question of narrative boundaries, which is why our research is based on the conclusions made by Werner Wolf and Gerard Genette. Through analytical reading of the aforementioned authors, we endeavored to interpret Sremac’s novel by dealing with paratextual frames, subtitles as (con)textual frames, initial and final frames and framing. The dynamics of the process of framing requires the application of the theory of immersion and virtual narratives thanks to whose mental simulation the recipient forms his own coherent world through the narrative.

“Siri, Show Me Scary Images of AI”: Effects of Text-Based Frames and Visuals on Support for Artificial Intelligence

This research note examines how framing influences attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI). It uses an experiment embedded in a nationally representative online survey to test the effects of text-based frames and visuals on opinion about developing, funding, and banning AI. Participants exposed to a “social progress” frame reported greater support for AI than those exposed to a “Pandora’s box” frame. Images (virtual assistants, personal robots, menacing movie AIs, or none) did not influence opinion by themselves but interacted with textual frames to do so. The results extend our understanding of framing effects on public attitudes toward emerging technologies.

Frame Semantics and Translation of Intertextuality

The article investigates intertextuality and its translation in the context of frame semantics and R. Schank’s dynamic memory theory. The study provides an overview of linguistic and psychological theories examining the role of frames and visualisation in conceptualising reality and discusses their application to the understanding and translation of intertextuality. The theory of dynamic memory is used to explain the nature of textual and intertextual frames and build visual models of their mappings. Based on the analysis of 70 examples of the translation of intertextuality (quotations and allusions) from M. Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale and its Ukrainian translation, six translation techniques are identified. They are outlined on the basis of the transference of linguistic elements and the conceptual information activated by them (frame mappings, mental images). The examples are compared in terms of cognitive equivalence, which is also defined within the presented approach. The study generally adopts a broader view of intertextuality as a cognitive category and translation as a cognitive process to contribute to the development of cognitive poetics and cognitive translatology.

Несовершенство как прием: Стратегии и функции деградации субъекта

This paper examines contemporary poetic texts in which the lyric subject (“speaker”) is demonstrably presented in a degraded manner. The lack of indicators of ironic distance makes it easy for the reader to project this lower status from the subject onto the author, which appears to compromise the artist on an evaluative scale and his/her entitlement to produce “cultural texts”. This paper offers a survey of the most common methods by which the degradation of the subject is performed: violation of poetic norms; simulation of language and thought pathology; as well as metapoetic commentary. Finally, the paper discusses the question of function, and argues that through such a paradoxical strategy, the poet provokes the reader into moving beyond the textual frames, with the result that the author himself or herself is drawn into the space of the artistic work.

Before Authorship: Solomon and Prov. 1:1

How should we understand the naming of legendary figures like Solomon in biblical titles? The ancient practice of attribution is often obscured by scholars committed to the modern construction of authorship. Texts such as 11QPsa XXVII (“David’s Compositions”) demonstrate an altogether different understanding of this ancient practice. Using Prov. 1:1 as a test case, this essay examines how biblical authors and editors assigned texts to legendary figures, and how this kind of attribution evokes a set of imagined associations in the broader literary tradition. The essay presents a description and categorization of biblical titles and textual frames, and compares these titles and frames to textual frames of ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean collections of instruction and poetry. The essay argues that Prov. 1:1, like other textual frames, uses attribution to imaginatively stage the text in the broader literary tradition.

Are Photographs Worth More Than a Thousand Words? Examining the Effects of Photographic–Textual and Textual-Only Frames on Public Attitude Toward Nuclear Energy and Nanotechnology

This study examines the impact of photographic–textual and risk–benefit frames on the level of visual attention, risk perception, and public support for nuclear energy and nanotechnology in Singapore. Using a 2 (photographic–textual vs. textual-only frames) × 2 (risk vs. benefit frames) × 2 (nuclear energy vs. nanotechnology) between-subject design with eye-tracking data, the results showed that photographic–textual frames elicited more attention and did have partial amplification effect. However, this was observable only in the context of nuclear energy, where public support was lowest when participants were exposed to risk frames accompanied by photographs. Implications for theory and practice were discussed.

Do Pictures Tell a Different Story? A multimodal frame analysis of the 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict

Pictures play an ever-increasing role in the public’s understanding of mediated events. However, many studies show that visuals remain an understudied field, especially when it comes to multimodal approaches. This remains an important issue in today’s media environment, where visuals and their interaction with textual contents are becoming increasingly important carriers of meaning. The following paper presents results from a multimodal quantitative content analysis of the online coverage of the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict, wherein an innovative comparative approach to visual and textual frames was applied. We examine the existing frames, identify patterns of visual and textual frame co-occurrence and describe changes of the applied multimodal framing. Overall, a sample of 150 texts and 219 pictures was coded. The study shows that the applied visual and textual frames initially correspond with each other thematically. During the course of the conflict, however, the provided textual and visual framing divert increasingly. While the textual mode more or less upholds its original framing of the events, the visual level intensifies the framing strategy it has adopted since the escalation of the conflict began. As a result, textual coverage focuses more on negotiations and solutions, whereas images become increasingly graphic.

Coverage of Burmese refugees in Indiana news media: An analysis of textual and visual frames

This study investigates how Burmese refugees were framed by Fort Wayne’s The Journal Gazette located in one of Indiana’s cities where refugee resettlement has taken place over the last two decades. We analyzed 335 stories and 286 accompanying images to identify salient textual and visual frames. Results show that the human interest and attribution of responsibility were most salient textual frames, while the visual frame of exotic was dominant. Feature stories were more likely to have a human interest frame and, if an image is included, to reflect the visual frame of Burmese as being exotic. As a global refugee crisis continues to unfold, this study presents implications for how media coverage of future refugees in the United States will evolve based on public opinion.

The glory that was wrong: el “Chino Malo” approximates Nuyorico

Nicknamed “Chino Malo,” Chinese American painter and art collector Martin Wong's proximity to the Puerto Rican Lower East Side in the 1980s has been under-elaborated and eclipsed to some degree by his collaborations with the Nuyorican literary figurehead Miguel Piñero. By isolating a selection of minor paintings from that legacy – including Chain Saw Heart (Portrait of Joaquin Aganza) (1984), Rapture (1988), and Stanton Near Forsyth Street (1983) – the author contends that a poetics of proximity unfolds through which the national, racial, sexual, and even aesthetic internal orders of Nuyorico are suspended, disturbed, and reframed. The author describes Wong's poetics as a series of persistent queer advances that unsettle Nuyorico's “good” center and develops proximity as a critical alternative to theories of acculturation that hold sway in Latina/o studies. He then figures la maldad signaled by Wong's nickname as an aesthetic posture or attitude. Mal movement or comportment – to defer fear of committing maldades and willfully do things badly, wrongly, or approximately – loosens identity practices from their toil toward completion and full knowing. Grounding the author's analysis across each painting are Wong's signature uses of salvaged, trompe l'oeil, and textual frames through which the artist modulates his lingering in Nuyorico and develops a poetics of proximity.

Effects of emotional exemplars in responsibility attribution-framed news reports on perception and evaluations of social issues

This study investigated the separate and combined effects of emotion-laded exemplars and responsibility frames on readers' perceptions and evaluations. Two hundred and sixty-nine students participated in an experiment involving a news story that dealt with the social issue of homelessness in South Korea. Six versions of a news story differed in emotion-laden exemplars with textual information (anger-evoking, sympathy-evoking) and responsibility news frames (attribution of responsibility to society, attribution of responsibility to individual, and no frame). This study found that, compared to the responsibility frames, emotion-laden exemplars significantly affected readers' moral evaluations toward the target individuals and their perceptions of the social issue's severity. The results also indicated that the anger-evoking exemplars influenced readers to attribute responsibility of a problem more to the target individuals than the societal system. In contrast, the sympathy-evoking exemplars prompted greater attribution to the societal system than the target individuals. The likelihood of a reader supporting related governmental aid policy was influenced by both emotional exemplars and responsibility news frames. Implications for further research are discussed.

Sad shires and no man’s land: First World War frames of reference in the British media representation of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars

The focus of this article is the manner in which media representations in Britain of the 21st century conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan drew upon the terms, allusions and imagery of the First World War. The application of these visual and textual frames of reference has been used to demonstrate the failings of government, the need for national support or the validation of anti-war perspectives. Through the use of a critical discourse analysis, this assessment will highlight how the war of 1914–1918 is used within contemporary Britain as a vehicle for political and social commentary upon the actions of authority. Despite being fought at the outset of the last century, the newspaper coverage of the British Army’s operation in Iraq and Afghanistan demonstrates how the First World War still goes on within sections of British society.

The storyteller function in contemporary Nigerian narrative

This paper considers the articulation of orality in contemporary Nigerian writing, focusing on Helon Habila’s Measuring Time (2007) and Chris Abani’s Song for Night (2008), asserting that, through the manipulation of collective engagement in meaning-making, each text functions as a contemporary griot, or repository of communal, cultural history. In contrast to earlier generations’ writing, which relied on the use of folktale, proverb, and linguistic techniques to forge a connection to the oral tradition, contemporary Anglophone African writers, this article argues, inscribe the oral tradition into their work through an epistemic shift that engages with the open signifiers of the communal, highlighting the storyteller function of their works. Both Habila’s and Abani’s novels thus occupy a discursive space which straddles registers, and both function through the art of the storyteller as a means of translating modes of collective address, foregrounding the very act of narration through their textual frames. From these foundational qualities, each work marks a contribution to, and departure from, ongoing debates surrounding the status of orality and writing as a means of cultural memorialization in global Anglophone African literature, a debate made fraught in no small part due to each discursive system’s implication with Enlightenment-driven conceptions of civilization and modernity.

The investigation of power in written texts through the use of multiple textual analytic frames

Although often used as secondary sources, written texts are powerful sources of data for qualitative researchers to explore power networks and broad ideological perspectives. As such, I present in this paper an analytic process that draws upon multiple analytic frameworks – constant comparative analysis, discursive textual analysis, and traditional literary analysis – based in three different disciplines to explore intersecting forms of power exhibited in written texts. To do so, I draw upon a previous study in 2007 in which I examined 17 LGBTQ‐themed young adult novels. Through this example, I describe the three analytic methods used, demonstrate a self‐reflexive heuristic I called ‘analytic triple‐entry journals’ (analytic TEJs), which effectively facilitated the analysis through these multiple methods, and highlight how the incorporation of these multiple perspectives and methods allows for increased multi‐dimensional, complex representation of the data.

Frames and Knowledge in Mixed Media: How Activation Changes Information Intake

Many people consider strategic framing, the journalistic tendency to reduce politics to a game or competition focused on the tactical maneuvers of political actors, to be harmful to democracy because it erodes citizen interest in the democratic process. Our results demonstrate that this is not always the case. Testing the effects of textual strategic frames and video processing in a digital environment, we show that strategic frames may also provide a context that is more conducive to learning in mixed media news environments than that provided by value frames, those focused on the value conflict between principled policy opponents. Further analysis reveals that this effect is most clearly seen among people who read political blogs (i.e., those who are already active and interested in politics). Our data suggest that for individuals with cognitive networks built around ideological concerns, such as blog readers, value-framed messages provide cues to stop encoding new information, while strategically framed messages lead people to continue absorbing and learning in mixed media environments.

Gogol 2002 by Joe Andrew, Robert Reid

920 Reviews The Uspenskii portrayed in Mondry's monograph draws a contrast inhiswritings between a strong, energetic, hard-working, androgynous peasant woman, who was capable of supporting her family inwidowhood, and an enervated, 'feminine' bour geoise,who undertook no physical labour and was entirely dependent on themale of her species. (This contrastmay owe something toChernyshevskii's banal dissertation on aesthetics, inwhich vitality and torporwere identified as key components in the conceptions of beauty thatChernyshevskii attributed to the common people and the upper classes respectively.) In the process of idealizing the peasant woman, Mondry contends, Uspenskii desexualized her body and indulged a fantasy about 'physically strongmaidens', thus revealing a 'Christian anxiety around corporeality' (p. I6). One can point, in support of this thesis, to the ecclesiastical influences on Uspenskii (his fatherand uncles and he himself were educated in seminaries, and his uncles became priests) and to thegeneral prominence ofmen from a similar background among the raznochintsy, the dominant force in the radical intelligentsia in the age ofAlexander 11 (I855-8I). In any case Christian sentiment and imagery imbued the Populism with which Uspenskii was associated. Uspenskii himself can findno bettermodel for socially responsible conduct thanChrist or his followers: in one of the sketches that Mondry examines, for instance, he reworksRussian hagiography inorder to represent the fourteenth-century Saint Stefan of Perm' as a Populist avant la lettre. Mondry's monograph does contain various shortcomings. There is in places a re petitiousness about her text,which may be due- if we are to judge by the careless description of a section of Chapter 6 on a tale by Chekhov as a 'paper' (p. I23)-to overhasty assemblage ofher various earlier articles and papers on thisand related sub jects. The book's frame of reference, especially with regard to thePopulist context of Uspenskii's writing, isnot particularly broad or deep. (Mondry might, for instance, have made use of thememoirs ofVera Figner, given Uspenskii's admiration of this prominent Populist revolutionary, indeed his apparent fantasies about her.) There are also rathernumerous minor flawswhich a sub-editor could have eliminated: little inconsistencies, over such matters as the date when Uspenskii may have contracted syphilis (pp. iI and 33) and the date of a lecture that he attended (pp. 58 and 70); spelling mistakes (notably 'lead' for 'led'); and misspellings of the names of some of the scholars cited (including Ivanits,Marsh, and Paperno). Nevertheless Mondry's book represents a thoughtful contribution to scholarship on the late nineteenth-century Russian literaryworld. It provides a compelling pic ture of aman deeply affected by religious belief, who seems to have taken frightat the prospect of sexual freedom and pleasure thatwas opened up by the struggle of the radical intelligentsia towhich he belonged for the emancipation ofwomen. UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL DEREK OFFORD Gogol 2002. Ed. by JOE ANDREW and ROBERT REID. Vol. I: Gogol and Others; vol. II: Aspects ofGogol. (Essays inPoetics special issues, vols 28 (Autumn 2003) and 29 (Autumn 2004)) Keele: Keele University. 2003-04. Vol. I: ii+ 220 pp.; vol. II: iv+ i8i pp. C22 (each). ISBN 978-o-95ogo80-7-6 (vol. I); 978-o-95ogo80-8-3 (vol.II). These two volumes arise frompapers given at an 'International Conference to Mark I50 Years since theDeath ofNikolai Gogol', held in 20oo under the auspices of the Neo-Formalist Circle. The firstvolume contains essays that deal with Gogol in a wider cultural context, while the second contains essays that focusmore directly on Gogol's work per se, covering areas such as language and style, the conceptualiza tion of time, ethics and culture, analysis of individual works, and aspects ofGogol's MLR, I02.3, 2007 92I creative biography; that said, many of the essays in the second volume take a con textualizing approach, broadly speaking. Overall, across thegreat diversity and range encompassed in these two volumes-the collective contribution tomodern Gogol studies ofwhich theeditors rightfullyspeak-it is such invocation ofbroader cultural and textual frames thatespecially makes this contribution a considerable one. The opening essay of the second volume is a tour de force of scholarship by Neil Cornwell on 'The Absurd inGogol and Gogol Criticism', a piece which combines an erudite overview of its themewith an effortless...

Accountability, acknowledgement and the ethics of “quilting” in Antjie Krog's country of my skull

Summary This paper is primarily concerned with accountability and acknowledgement, and their relationship to one another, in Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull (1998). Arguing that both accountability and acknowledgement become ethically problematic in Krog's transposition of one form of textual practice to another (for example, her transposing of testimony and of academic non‐fictional texts into fictional narrative or poetry), the paper proposes that two very different ethical problems arise in Country of My Skull because of an elision of textual and generic frames that ultimately erases traces to textual “origins”: whether that origin be the testimonies given at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) hearings, or other textual materials used by Krog in the making of this text. The ethical consequence of this muddying of genres and textual frames is twofold: first, the appropriation of individual testimonial voices and, second, plagiarism ‐ two very different ethical transgressions which, nevertheless, bear consideration alongside one another since the two may be seen to emerge from the same textual practice as Krog's; what she refers to as “quilting”. While Krog sees textual quilting as allowing for a multivocal text that does not present a singular or coherent notion of national truth, I will argue that it also allows Krog to transpose one form of textuality into a different generic frame altogether. While this is not in and of itself problematic, the ethical consequences of the transposition, reinterpretation, and transformation of one textual object to another require careful consideration. The paper ultimately suggests that fictional and poetic texts need to acknowledge and be accountable to the original texts that they transpose and transform by providing the reader with a clear and interpretable trace‐back to that original.

Framing Media Masculinities

Over the last few years, there have been more and more men's lifestyle magazines being published, providing men with a plethora of self-help articles. This article aims to understand this recent phenomenon through an analysis of the Italian edition of Men's Health, the most important men's lifestyle magazine in Italy. The main hypothesis is that the recent and growing success of Men's Health in the Italian magazine market is a reflection of men's changing gender relations and identities. By offering a wide spectrum of `self-care' advice, Men's Health contributes to the production and reproduction of a (male) bodily `order' accomplished through `body techniques' and `technologies of the self'. The work is based on a media frame analysis of the Italian edition of Men's Health: discourse analysis is used to identify the different textual frames producing the discourse on men's lives and bodies, while a series of focus groups identify the audience frames, i.e. the different ways the readers `make sense' of the magazine.