Text Answers Research Articles

Authors closure to the Discussion of the Review article “Optimisation of Compressed earth blocks (CEBs) using natural origin materials: A systematic literature review”

The purpose of this closure is to present a response to the doubts arisen by the authors of the Discussion of the Review article with the title “Optimisation of Compressed Earth Blocks (CEBs) using natural origin materials: A systematic literature review” [1], published in the journal Construction and Building Materials on 1 October 2021. The body of the text answers directly to the five critical points raised, namely: soil reactivity as the main criterion in the selection process of soil for stabilisation purposes (no. 01); modification of the optimal water content in the case of stabilisation and doubtful effectiveness of the Proctor test (no. 02); contestation of the relationships found in the Review between the bulk density of CEBs optimised with natural materials and thermal conductivity (no. 03) and compressive strength (no. 04); consideration of the percentage of eroded area in the evaluation of CEBs’ durability (no. 05). As the results of this closure confirm that there is still the lack of information regarding this research topic, the article concludes with some recommendations for future studies. We thank the authors for the Discussion, which certainly enriches the state-of-the-art in the field of stabilised CEBs.

Typing or Speaking? Comparing Text and Voice Answers to Open Questions on Sensitive Topics in Smartphone Surveys

Typing or Speaking? Comparing Text and Voice Answers to Open Questions on Sensitive Topics in Smartphone Surveys

You Don’t Need Labeled Data for Open-Book Question Answering

Open-book question answering is a subset of question answering (QA) tasks where the system aims to find answers in a given set of documents (open-book) and common knowledge about a topic. This article proposes a solution for answering natural language questions from a corpus of Amazon Web Services (AWS) technical documents with no domain-specific labeled data (zero-shot). These questions have a yes–no–none answer and a text answer which can be short (a few words) or long (a few sentences). We present a two-step, retriever–extractor architecture in which a retriever finds the right documents and an extractor finds the answers in the retrieved documents. To test our solution, we are introducing a new dataset for open-book QA based on real customer questions on AWS technical documentation. In this paper, we conducted experiments on several information retrieval systems and extractive language models, attempting to find the yes–no–none answers and text answers in the same pass. Our custom-built extractor model is created from a pretrained language model and fine-tuned on the the Stanford Question Answering Dataset—SQuAD and Natural Questions datasets. We were able to achieve 42% F1 and 39% exact match score (EM) end-to-end with no domain-specific training.

Downward spirals to vulnerability

One of the most frequently voiced concerns in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic is ‘not to forget the vulnerable groups in society’. Social workers occupy a privileged position with a view to mapping such vulnerabilities, their complex interrelations, and the processes that increase the risk of falling victim to them. Therefore, in order for policy interventions aimed at mitigating negative impact on vulnerable groups to be effective, it is important to gain an in-depth insight into the first hand experiences and concomitant concerns of social workers. The main aim of this article is to describe and categorize the main concerns social workers had about their clients a few weeks into Belgium’s first wave of the pandemic. The data used derive from a large scale online survey taken among social workers in Flanders and the Brussels region in April/May 2020, closely following the lockdown on 18 March. Thematic coding analysis was used to analyse textual answers with regard to concerns about current clients. Concerns fall into six main categories, the most important one being direct concerns about the safety and wellbeing of clients in the context of various life domains (physical and mental health, family, work, education, social networks, housing, financial and material wealth), apart from concerns about communication issues more in general, about changes in the interactional dynamics between social worker and client, the effects of lockdown related changes to forms of social help, about very specific vulnerable groups, and, lastly, about the resilience of the social work sector. Analysis of the connections between concerns also enables us to reconstruct several chains of events that may result in specific (reinforced) vulnerabilities. If policy interventions aim to be attentive to such vulnerabilities, taking stock of these chains of events is of paramount importance.

The analysis of the notions of Russian school principals about digital transformation

Introduction. The challenge of the pandemic forced educational organisations in Russia to resort to massive transition to distance learning and accelerated digital transformation of schools. It has become more obvious than ever that the digital transformation of a school is not limited to a simple technical update of its information resources but implies a fundamental rethinking of the school activities based on the capabilities of digital technologies.The aim of the study was to investigate the experience of digital transformation and the Russian school principals’ notions about it as a systemic process. The subject of the study is the notion about the systemic impact of digital transformation processes on schools; the experience of complexity in the introduction of information technologies in the educational process and school management, the assessment of the progress of digitalisation; the notions about the factors of successful digital transformation, which require a critical understanding of the experience of implementing information technologies in the school, highlighting key success factors.Methodology and research methods. The authors analysed 7189 questionnaires using computer methods for processing the natural language. The questionnaires were completed in general education organisations of 66 regions from all federal districts of Russia. The respondents’ answers were categorised in accordance with the European Framework for Technologically Competent Educational Organisations (DigCompOrg).Results. The research findings demonstrated the significant imbalance in the frequency of responses: the most frequent answers belong to the “Infrastructure” category, while the least frequent ones belong to the categories of pedagogical aspects of digital transformation affecting changes in the educational content and methods for assessing educational outcomes. It is concluded that the respondents’ replies reflect the institutional position of school principals in the current educational system: a head of a government-funded school positions herself/himself as an administrative executor and a representative of the founder, rather than a leader of the teaching team. Consequently, the provision of educational achievements and students’ personal development are largely not perceived by principles of Russian schools as a priority management task.Scientific novelty of the present research lies in the attempt to answer the question of how systematically the digital transformation of the principle is perceived, to apply DigCompOrg to the assessment of these categories by the European Framework of technologically competent educational organisations, as well as to use natural language processing methods to process text answers to open-ended questions of the questionnaire, which made it possible to obtain results on a large sample with wide geographical coverage.Practical significance. The research findings can be used in the development and implementation of advanced training programmes for school and college administrations in accordance with the ongoing digitalisation of Russian educational system.

The \u201cGeneral practitioner learning stations\u201d\u2014development, implementation and optimization of an innovative format for sustainable teaching in general practice

BackgroundTeaching general practice in a university setting is still challenging. In our department we have developed a teaching format with content from a previous lecture-style-teaching into an interactive small group format taught by frontline general practitioners (GPs). The “GP learning stations” introduce students to the skills and attributes of a GP working in primary care in a university setting. Our main objective was to understand whether the teaching format had proven itself sustainable in a university setting over eight years. Furthermore, we wanted to better understand the role of the GP as a medical educator.MethodsMore than eight years of experience in organizational and staff expenses were collected and analyzed. In addition, the grade point average of the students’ evaluation was calculated and their free text answers were categorized and evaluated descriptively. During two teach-the-teacher seminars attending GPs were asked why they teach and if they feel equipped to teach the format.ResultsThe initially high organizational and staff expenses were significantly reduced. The recruitment of GPs, their didactic contribution, and their joint creation of content went smoothly throughout the whole period. A total of 495 students participated in the regular evaluation. The analysis yielded a grade point average of 1.9, on a scale from 1 = very good to 6 = insufficient. In the free text answers students praised the educators, the format and the practical relevance. The interactive transfer of the content, the didactic competence of the educators and the spatial environment were viewed critically. Reasons for GPs to teach were the joy to pass on knowledge and experience, and to make the work of GPs more attractive to students. Most GPs felt prepared to teach through their experience as a physician although some felt unprepared to teach through their lack of didactic knowledge.ConclusionDespite reducing the costs of the format, a grade point average of 1.9 could be achieved in the long term. This supports the teaching concept of learning stations and its “mixture of discussion, scientific background and role play, combined with (…) experiences and exciting individual cases from (GPs) everyday life”, hopefully making general practice more attractive to the students.

Brain health actions: Evidence from the electronic Person‐Specific Outcome Measure (ePSOM) development programme

AbstractBackgroundAs Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical trials move to an earlier phase in the neurodegenerative disease process, any outcome measures used to assess an intervention’s efficacy would need to be appropriate for the earlier pre‐clinical or prodromal study population. Evidence suggests that 40% of dementia cases could be prevented by targeting modifiable risk factors. Our study explores attitudes towards looking after one’s brain health and by proxy, actions individuals take to prevent dementia.MethodAs part of the electronic Person Specific Outcome Measure (ePSOM) online study focusing on what outcomes matter to individuals, we collected data on specific actions individuals take to maintain their brain health. The question on brain health offered pre‐defined answers as well as an option for free text answers. Here, we report both the results from the pre‐defined answers as well as the analysis of the large free text answers data set. We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques based on pretrained GloVe vectors to cluster the free text responses. The survey received ethical approval and ran August – November 2019 (UK).Result5808 people completed the ePSOM survey. Most were female (76.9%), married (63.4%) and living in an urban area (61.8%). The mean age in women was 57.35 (SD=13.8) and 62.88 (SD=13.08) in men. The most common activities undertaken to maintain brain health from the pre‐defined answers were “trying to keep brain active” (86.6%) followed by “trying to keep physically active” (70.8%). However, the NLP analysis of the 621 individual free text answers revealed 45 clusters which were not included in the pre‐defined categories. Some of the largest clusters were around mindfulness; learning new words/languages and preventing mood swings. These results will be presented in further detail by key demographic groups.ConclusionThe ePSOM study has generated evidence on what activities individuals purposefully undertake to maintain brain health. The results of our study provide evidence for public health campaigns on which modifiable risk factors are more or less commonly known to prevent dementia.

Reopening the Conversation Between Music Psychology and Music Therapy

Although the fields of music psychology and music therapy share many common interests, research collaboration between the two fields is still somewhat rare. Previous work has identified that disciplinary identities and attitudes towards those in other disciplines are challenges to effective interdisciplinary research. The current study explores such attitudes in music therapy and music psychology. A sample of 123 music therapists and music psychologists answered an online survey regarding their attitudes towards potential interdisciplinary work between the two fields. Analysis of results suggested that participants’ judgements of the attitudes of members of the other discipline were not always accurate. Music therapists indicated a high degree of interest in interdisciplinary research, although in free text answers, both music psychologists and music therapists frequently characterized music therapists as disinterested in science. Music therapists reported seeing significantly greater relevance of music psychology to their own work than did music psychologists of music therapists. Participants’ attitudes were modestly related to their reported personality traits and held values. Results overall indicated interest in, and positive expectations of, interdisciplinary attitudes in both groups, and should be explored in future research.

دور المجلس العلمي الأعلى بالمغرب في ضبط الفتاوى ومواجهة مشكلات الحياة المعاصرة

تتميز المملكة المغربية عن باقي البلدان الإسلامية بميزة خاصة، ألا وهي إمتلاك الملك فيها مهمة دينية الى جانب مهمته السياسية، حيث يتولى رئاسة المجلس العلمي الأعلى، الذي يعتبر الجهة الوحيدة المؤهلة لإصدار الفتاوى الدينية، ويتولّى دراسةَ القضايا التي تُعرض عليه خاصة القضايا الفقهية المستجدة ويحاول ايجاد الحلول لها بالاعتماد على المذهب المالكي. تم تنظيم ماهية مؤسسات الإفتاء المغربية الرسمية التابعة لوزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية ومهامها وأصول عملها من خلال سلسلة من القوانين. والغرض من هذه التعديلات هو حماية القيم الأخلاقية والثوابت الدينية وإيجاد حلول للقضايا المستجدة. وقد تسارعت وتيرة التعديلات الإصلاحية خاصة بعد الأحداث الإرهابية الأليمة التي مست مدينة الدار البيضاء مما أدى إلى اكتسابها أبعادًا جديدة. وقد نشر المجلس العلمي الأعلى كتاب "فتاوى الهيأة العلمية المكلفة بالإفتاء"، متضمنا 52 جوابا فقهيا مختارا للاراء الفقهية المنشورة للفترة الممتدَّة بين 2004 – 2012 حول القضايا ذات الطابع العام. وتكشف متون الفتاوى في هذا الكتاب عن أهمية هذه الهيئة في بيان الأحكام الشرعية حول مختلف النوازل المعروضة عليها وتنوع الأسئلة الموجهة إليها، وعن المسائل المعاصرة المرتبطة بمشكلات الحياة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تتيح متون أسئلة الفتاوى لنا فرصة تحليل طبيعة المشاكل ذات الاولوية التي يعاني المجتمع منها وأبعادها المختلفة. ولإجل فهم أهمية هذا المجلس في ضبط وتنظيم الامور الدينية المستجدة في المملكة المغربية، ينبغي دراسة هذا المجلس من زوايا مختلفة، وهو ما اهتمت به هذه الدراسة، حيث سنتناول في هذه المقالة تعريف البنية الهيكلية للمجلس العلمي الأعلى الرسمية كمؤسسة وتحليل كتاب الفتاوى المذكور عامة ومناقشة دور المجلس في إصدار الفتاوى. بالاضافة إلى أن يتناول فعاليته المؤسسية في المشاكل المعاصرة

Multimodal grid features and cell pointers for scene text visual question answering

This paper presents a new model for the task of scene text visual question answering. In this task questions about a given image can only be answered by reading and understanding scene text. Current state of the art models for this task make use of a dual attention mechanism in which one attention module attends to visual features while the other attends to textual features. A possible issue with this is that it makes difficult for the model to reason jointly about both modalities. To fix this problem we propose a new model that is based on an single attention mechanism that attends to multi-modal features conditioned to the question. The output weights of this attention module over a grid of multi-modal spatial features are interpreted as the probability that a certain spatial location of the image contains the answer text to the given question. Our experiments demonstrate competitive performance in two standard datasets with a model that is ×5 faster than previous methods at inference time. Furthermore, we also provide a novel analysis of the ST-VQA dataset based on a human performance study. Supplementary material, code, and data is made available through this link.

Contraception use and attitudes: women’s concerns regarding hormonal contraception and copper intrauterine devices

Objective To estimate the prevalence of contraceptive method use among women, assess concerns about hormonal contraception (HC) and copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) and determine characteristics associated with concerns of HC and Cu-IUD. Method Cross-sectional study. Swedish speaking women (n = 212) aged 16–50 attending midwives at four outpatient clinics in two of Sweden’s larger cities answered a waiting room questionnaire. Content analysis was used to categorise open-ended questions with free text answers. Results Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) was used by 30.4%, short acting reversible contraceptives (SARC) by 28.0%, and 16.4% did not use any contraception during most recent intercourse. Four out of ten (41.2%) had concerns about using HC and 52.3% about using Cu-IUD. The most common reason for having concerns regarding HC was unspecified side effects, fear of hormones and adverse mood symptoms; regarding Cu-IUD, concerns related to increased bleeding and menstrual pain. Among those expressing concerns, experience of induced abortion was twice as common. Women who did not have concerns about HC were using combined oral contraception (COC) to a higher extent. Conclusion Concerns about using HC and Cu-IUD are common. This needs to be considered during contraceptive counselling.

PD01-08 USE OF SUPPLEMENTS IN THE INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME COMMUNITY: PATIENT-REPORTED UTILIZATION PATTERNS AND PERCEPTIONS

You have accessJournal of UrologyInfections/Inflammation/Cystic Disease of the Genitourinary Tract: Interstitial Cystitis (PD01)1 Sep 2021PD01-08 USE OF SUPPLEMENTS IN THE INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS/BLADDER PAIN SYNDROME COMMUNITY: PATIENT-REPORTED UTILIZATION PATTERNS AND PERCEPTIONS Paige Kuhlmann, Andrew Chen, Kai Dallas, Peris Castaneda, Victoria Scott, Jennifer Anger, and Karyn Eilber Paige KuhlmannPaige Kuhlmann More articles by this author , Andrew ChenAndrew Chen More articles by this author , Kai DallasKai Dallas More articles by this author , Peris CastanedaPeris Castaneda More articles by this author , Victoria ScottVictoria Scott More articles by this author , Jennifer AngerJennifer Anger More articles by this author , and Karyn EilberKaryn Eilber More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000001965.08AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) management is multimodal, and often includes alternative therapies. Natural supplements are one such therapy that has yet to be studied adequately. We sought to better understand the IC/BPS community’s perception of supplement usage for symptom control. METHODS: A 40 question online survey was designed to elicit responses from people with the diagnosis IC/BPS, capturing demographics and perspectives on disease management strategies, including supplements. Multiple choice and free text answers were included. The survey was posted to the Interstitial Cystitis Association’s Facebook page to access applicable respondents. Survey responses were anonymous. RESULTS: 461 respondents completed the survey, 432 female and 29 male. >85% of respondents indicated they were “somewhat,” “very”, or “highly” likely to take a supplement for IC/BPS symptom relief or prevention, with 75% saying they would have no apprehension at all. Of the remaining 25%, over half cited side effects as their reason for apprehension. Other reasons included questionable efficacy, lack of regulation/evidence, price, medication interactions, and concern for triggering symptoms/allergies. Supplement recommendations from doctors were considered more trustworthy than peer or online reviews. 183 respondents (40%) were already taking supplements, 144 (31%) for chronic symptom management, and 158 (34%) for flare symptom control. The most commonly used supplements were aloe vera, Prelief, and d-mannose (Figure 1a&b). Supplement use did not vary with age. Supplements were the fourth most common management strategy after diet, medications, and reduction of sexual activity. Almost 60% of respondents taking supplements reported some degree of efficacy. 120 patients (26%) had taken supplement(s) in the past, but then stopped, most often due to lack of efficacy (72%) or side effects (19%). CONCLUSIONS: 40% of respondents with IC/BPS take supplements for symptom management. A much larger proportion of these patients are open to supplements, but perceive lack of efficacy and side effects as obstacles. Research on efficacy of supplements for IC/BPS is needed to help counsel patients about management options and provide them with more effective therapy. Source of Funding: LifeSeasons © 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 206Issue Supplement 3September 2021Page: e33-e34 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2021 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Paige Kuhlmann More articles by this author Andrew Chen More articles by this author Kai Dallas More articles by this author Peris Castaneda More articles by this author Victoria Scott More articles by this author Jennifer Anger More articles by this author Karyn Eilber More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on professional practice and patient volume in medical practices: A survey among German physicians and psychotherapists

IntroductionThis study examines the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient care in the German federal state of Brandenburg during the first ‘lockdown’ between 22 March and 4 May 2020, focusing on the burden for physicians and psychotherapists in outpatient practices and on alternative ways to provide care, in particular telehealth. MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey among outpatient health care professionals. The responses of n=277 physicians and n=87 psychotherapists were included in the analysis. Frequencies are shown; the relationship between categorical variables was examined using the χ2 test; we used a qualitative content analysis for free text answers. ResultsAlmost all (96 %) physicians and 59 % of the psychotherapists reported a patient volume reduction since the COVID-19 outbreak. Cancellations were most often initiated by patients rather than physician offices. Among the physicians, routine check-ups and preventive care consultations were cancelled most frequently, and patients also appeared less frequently in open consultations. 72 % of the physicians and 29 % of the psychotherapists reported economic losses. While personal patient-physician contact was reduced, the use of telehealth has increased since the COVID-19 outbreak: during the first ‘lockdown’, two thirds of the psychotherapists (66 %) and 14 % of the physicians used telehealth for the first time. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a positive change in attitudes towards telehealth; this trend was significantly stronger among psychotherapists than among physicians. DiscussionThe reduction in patient volume shown in this study is confirmed by outpatient billing data analyses. Clinical routines changed due to COVID-19 and led to a growth in telehealth usage. By facilitating formal billing options, the increased use of telehealth can also be promoted after the pandemic. ConclusionShortly after the COVID-19 outbreak, outpatient physicians and psychotherapists were faced with various challenges: Through their spontaneous and flexible response to the COVD-19 pandemic, outpatient providers were able to maintain their work despite high stress levels. Telehealth is becoming more important as a result of COVID-19.

Asking questions on handwritten document collections

This work addresses the problem of Question Answering (QA) on handwritten document collections. Unlike typical QA and Visual Question Answering (VQA) formulations where the answer is a short text, we aim to locate a document snippet where the answer lies. The proposed approach works without recognizing the text in the documents. We argue that the recognition-free approach is suitable for handwritten documents and historical collections where robust text recognition is often difficult. At the same time, for human users, document image snippets containing answers act as a valid alternative to textual answers. The proposed approach uses an off-the-shelf deep embedding network which can project both textual words and word images into a common sub-space. This embedding bridges the textual and visual domains and helps us retrieve document snippets that potentially answer a question. We evaluate results of the proposed approach on two new datasets: (i) HW-SQuAD: a synthetic, handwritten document image counterpart of SQuAD1.0 dataset and (ii) BenthamQA: a smaller set of QA pairs defined on documents from the popular Bentham manuscripts collection. We also present a thorough analysis of the proposed recognition-free approach compared to a recognition-based approach which uses text recognized from the images using an OCR. Datasets presented in this work are available to download at docvqa.org

A Model-Assisted Approach for Finding Coding Errors in Manual Coding of Open-Ended Questions

Abstract Text answers to open-ended questions are typically manually coded into one of several codes. Usually, a random subset of text answers is double-coded to assess intercoder reliability, but most of the data remain single-coded. Any disagreement between the two coders points to an error by one of the coders. When the budget allows double coding additional text answers, we propose employing statistical learning models to predict which single-coded answers have a high risk of a coding error. Specifically, we train a model on the double-coded random subset and predict the probability that the single-coded codes are correct. Then, text answers with the highest risk are double-coded to verify. In experiments with three data sets, we found that this method identifies two to three times as many coding errors in the additional text answers as compared to random guessing, on average. We conclude that this method is preferred if the budget permits additional double-coding. When there are a lot of intercoder disagreements, the benefit can be substantial.

Resource mobilization and contributing resources to a collective task by emergency responders: an experimental study on collaboration in crisis response

PurposeTwenty-first century crises reaffirm the need of faster mobilization of resources during crises. Without interorganizational collaboration and resource mobilization, organizing efficient response is not possible. Resource mobilization is an essential aspect of response. It ensures a faster and better response. Collaboration between teams of emergency responders may include commonly known boundary spanning activities such as resource sharing, information sharing and communication. The purpose of this paper is to contribute our knowledge of how to organize a better crisis response through collaboration. More precisely, what strategies work as drivers for emergency responder teams during collaboration in crisis scenarios.Design/methodology/approachThrough design of experiments, using tabletop exercises and online surveys, this study investigates the drivers of collaboration during a crisis scenario. Participants of this study are decision makers and emergency responders from various public actors in crisis management from Sweden.FindingsCollaboration is essential to manage cross-functional services in normal times, as well as meet the growing needs during crises. In absence of collaboration, boundary spanning activities such as sharing resources or information to provide any kind of service will not be possible. For teams to survive in fast-changing environment, they must be able to adapt to the changing demands accordingly. This paper demonstrates which factors are drivers for emergency responders to mobilize resources, especially during crises. It captures the tension between individual and collective goals in crisis response and highlights the drivers that affect decision-making during crises.Originality/valueThe novelty of the paper lies in its methodology using tabletop exercises, design of experiments as part of Six Sigma toolbox and online surveys in combination with weightage of agreements and disagreements and free text answers. Although scientific research so far has demonstrated the need for collaboration during crises, however, which factors act as drivers for emergency responders to collaborate, is lacking scientific evidence. Incentives for collaboration have not been studied enough. These can tell us which strategies can improve collaboration during crises. This research paper is a scientific contribution in that direction.

Presentation of a participatory approach to develop preventive measures to reduce COVID-19 transmission in child care

BackgroundIt can be suspected that work in child care facilities is associated with an elevated exposure risk towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is still unclear under which conditions employees in those facilities can safely pursue their work. Preventive workplace-related measures to reduce transmission dynamics in this work environment need to be developed. These measures need to build on a solid scientific foundation and be ready for practical use at the same time. Therefore, the aim of the study is to present a participatory approach to identify, minimize, and eliminate workplace-specific COVID-19 transmission within child care. The approach presented combines quantitative as well as qualitative elements and includes a screening of critical workplace conditions and the development of preventive measures to foster a safe workplace design.MethodsFirst, 428 employees of different child care facilities in a large German city reported their subjective risk of infection, fear of infection, and support received by the employer. Second, the participants commented in detail about high risk conditions during work. Third, employees provided suggestions for preventive measures. We conducted a qualitative analysis of free text answers to evaluate which aspects are perceived as critical from an employee perspective.ResultsParticipants provided valuable and practicable ideas on how to design and improve preventive measures to reduce COVID-19 transmission in child care dealing with structural conditions, the interaction with the parents, the implementation of preventive measures and recommendations for policy makers.ConclusionsThese new insights help to organize pandemic risk management in order to align theoretical based measures with the practical realization. We encourage researchers to adapt the approach presented to other work areas in order to foster participation of employees in work design to reduce COVID-19 transmission.

Integrated modelling of automobile maintenance expert system based on knowledge graph

Using online information resources to build knowledge bases to provide knowledge answering services would help auto companies or third-party platforms to gain competitive advantages. Therefore, a construction plan of automobile maintenance expert system based on knowledge graph was proposed by integrated modelling. In terms of the entity recognition algorithm, the BM LSTM (Boyer-Moore Long Short-Term Memory) algorithm was proposed by integrating hidden Markov model, Conditional Random Field (CRF), Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), BiLSTM-CRF and Lattice LSTM, which improved the accuracy index F1-score. In terms of the text quality evaluation algorithm, a secondary text quality evaluation system was designed. It evaluated the matching quality of the problem based on the word toolkit Synonyms and Levenshtein Distance algorithm. And it evaluated the quality of the answer text based on the TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) similarity algorithm and centered on completeness, accuracy, reliability, and argument strength. Finally, experiments are carried out on the proposed model and algorithm to prove its effectiveness.

Mentored undergraduate operating room teaching during the orthopedic trauma curriculum-No evidence of gender differences.

In many surgical disciplines, the interest among medical students to pursue asurgical career decreases during their medical studies. The same goes for students after graduation. The aim of our cohort study was to evaluate the operating room (OR) experiences of medical students during our curriculum. Over the course of one year 217 senior year medical students were included in our study. All of them took part in our training program for senior year medical students, which consisted of a1-week clinical rotation including visits to the OR. We developed aLikert-scaled questionnaire, which was evaluated anonymously; free text answers were also possible. Prior to the analysis of the sex and age differences, we confirmed that the evaluation scale provided acoherent measure of the OR evaluation. As afirst proxy, we conducted aseries of Spearman correlations which revealed high intercorrelations between all of the six items of the questionnaire, r(154) = 0.53 to r(154) = 0.94, all p < 0.001. These high intercorrelations transferred into avery high consistency of the six questions that evaluate the OR teaching; Cronbach's α = 0.95. There was no main effect of sex, F (1,146) = 2.19, p = 0.141. However, there was amain effect of age, F (2,146) = 3.75, p = 0.026, indicating that older participants evaluated the OR teaching more positively. Finally, there was no correlation between sex and age group, F (2,146) < 1, indicating that the effect of age on the evaluation score was equally pronounced for female and male participants. The aim of this study was to answer the question how mentored OR teaching during the orthopedic trauma curriculum is evaluated by medical students, and whether there are gender-specific differences. For this purpose we prospectively evaluated senior year medical students over aperiod of 12months during the orthopedic trauma curriculum with questionnaires. The medical students rated the mentored OR visits mainly positive. Previously published literature as well as our presented data indicate that the interest of medical students in starting asurgical career can only be increased if negative influencing factors are reduced. This includes especially positive communication with medical students and in daily professional interaction.

A New Hybrid Concept, Combining Lectures and Case-Seminars, Resulted in Superior Ratings from Both Undergraduate Medical Students and Teachers.

BackgroundDue to declining student ratings, a new teaching method was applied to a course in gastrointestinal diseases for undergraduate medical students. Problem-based learning was replaced with our new concept, consisting of a theory week with traditional lectures and case seminars.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we compared student-ratings from the problem-based learning era to a new hybrid concept. The students evaluated the concepts by rating (1–6, 6 = best) nine different subject areas. Additional free text comments were possible. Teachers working with both concepts did likewise. Statistical differences between the two periods were studied by Mann Whitney U-test.ResultsThe study group consisted 621 students (57% females, total response rate of 52%). Scores for lectures (4.9 vs.3.8) and teaching stimulation and feedback (4.6 vs 3.6, and 3.7 vs 3.4, respectively), and to what extent the contents reflected learning goals (5.2 vs 4.3, p<0.05 for all) were instantly improved, which also prevailed in the following semesters. At the end of the study period, a significant improvement in case seminars (4.8 vs 4.3) and practical training (4.9 vs 3.8, p<0.05 for both) was seen. Free text answers revealed that the students felt more prepared for their clinical rotation. Teachers rated the new hybrid concept higher (4.7 vs 3.5, p<0.05) and especially praised the new lectures.ConclusionThe new learning concept resulted in both improved student-ratings and more satisfied teachers. We believe that the hybrid concept, combining lectures and case-seminars, facilitated learning and improved the learning climate. The subsequent uninterrupted practical training also received improved scores.