Texts Of Writers Research Articles

Fonetinio rašybos principo realizacija S. Daukanto ankstyvojoje leksikografijoje

The data for the article were collected from Žodrodis (1838) by Simonas Daukantas with additional reference to the data of the headlines of Epitome Historiae Sacrae, hand-written dictionaries and the textbooks Prasmą lotinu kalbos (1837) and Abeciela lijtuwiu-kalnienu ir źiamajtiu kalbos (1842) by S. Daukantas. The aim of the paper is to determine the prevailing orthography principle in the early lexicography of S. Daukantas irrespectively of the results of previous studies. In the article it is determined and specified that the greatest part of the orthography in the early lexicography of S. Daukantas is based on the phonetic orthography principle, which is related to the spelling of the root, although there are some instances of such spelling in inflections as well. The phonetic orthography principle is expressed through complex letters with diacritics and reflects various phonetic processes. The complex letters with diacritics were used to separate the Samogitian and Aukstaitian phonetics and also differentiated the quality of the Aukstaitian phonetics. The orthography was also influenced by the inhomogeneous tradition of spelling compound graphemes taken from the texts of Mikalojus Dauksa and writers of Lithuania Minor, as well as developed by S. Daukantas himself. Keywords: compound graphemes, use of graphemes, orthography of S. Daukantas, principles of writing. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2017.4

Livros do Brasil e a edição de romances brasileiros em Portugal nos anos 1940

Enquanto esforço de historiografia literária e editorial, o presente artigo tem como objetivo lançar luz sobre as edições portuguesas de romances brasileiros realizadas pela editora Livros do Brasil, casa fundada em Lisboa, em 1944, por António de Sousa Pinto. A partir da recuperação de fontes primárias (com destaque para cartas e contratos), examinam-se, sobretudo, as negociações travadas entre Sousa Pinto e José Olympio no que diz respeito à edição, em Portugal, de títulos de dois importantes autores de nossa chamada geração de 1930: José Lins do Rego e Rachel de Queiroz. Mais especificamente, recupera-se o embate travado entre a atitude interventiva do editor luso, que defendia a necessidade de se ajustar o texto das obras de ambos os escritores à variante europeia do idioma, de modo a aproximá-las do leitorado português, e a recusa inicial dos romancistas, que exigiam o respeito estrito aos “brasileirismos” por eles empregados.

Willa Cather's Tauchnitz Editions and Their Role in Establishing Her European and Worldwide Reputation, 1926–47

ABSTRACT This article documents Willa Cather's involvement with the Tauchnitz publishing firm of Leipzig, Germany, which between 1926 and 1936 reprinted, in English, seven Cather novels and one short story collection; it also published one of her short stories along with other materials as a textbook for German students learning English. The article documents Cather's motivations for allowing Tauchnitz to reprint her works, the methods by which copies of these volumes were circulated throughout Europe and elsewhere in the world, and the ways in which international readers interacted with them. Although these Tauchnitz volumes performed important work in promoting Cather as an important American author to European and world audiences, at the same time they likely contributed to her being seen less as a writer of avant-garde modernist texts and more as a relatively traditional author of American regionalist realism.

Bible Translation and Culture

The paper presents a theory of Bible translation as intercultural mediation and applies it to the translation of the story of the Cana Miracle in John 2:1-12. The theoretical framework draws on the notions of script, skopos, the ethics of loyalty and the distinction between three domains of intercultural mediation, namely the conceptual domain, the domain of norms and values and the domain of cultural pragmatics. There are three applications, the first is the intercultural mediation of the key concept δόξα ‘glory’ in various translations, the second application illustrates the ways in which translators bridge gaps in norms and values, in this case norms and values clashes around the use of alcohol. The third application focuses on the vocative γύναι ‘woman’ used by Jesus to address his mother Mary. Pressured by commissioners and audiences, translators sometimes become disloyal to the writers of the ancient biblical texts and this pressure is especially felt when the cultures of the ancient biblical worlds and those of audiences have very different norms and values. In such cases, the concepts to be translated such as οἶνος ‘wine’ are actually easy to translate in most cases but translators try to soften the blow to the sensitivities of their audiences. This is in stark contrast with the domain of intercultural pragmatics where it is often impossible to find renderings in target languages that convey the sense of the biblical term. The first domain of intercultural mediation, that of concepts, is the domain that most people think of when they reflect on translation and culture, for example wondering how to translate ‘camel’ when audiences have no clue what a camel is. Yet, it is the unique cultural networks of concepts that we reach the boundaries of translatability.

A GENRE ANALYSIS OF PROMOTIONAL TEXTS IN AN INDONESIAN BATIK INDUSTRY

This study explored sales promotion letters (SPLs) and company profiles (CPs) of two prominent batik companies in Solo, Central Java, Indonesia. This essay draws its data from the most important primary source of information on sales promotion letters and company profiles namely words, phrases, and clauses taken from the SPLs and CPs of batik written in Indonesian. Secondary sources were also consulted in this research, among these transcribed data obtained from in-depth interviews with the text writers and buyers. Three SPLs and two batik CPs were analyzed. In addition, two informants (marketing and promotion managers) typifying the text production perspective and two buyers typifying the text consumption perspective were interviewed. This research was guided by theories of genre analysis which focuses on patterns of rhetorical organization and genre-specific language features. This study employed the multi-dimensional and multi perspective model of analysis focusing on textual, socio-cognitive and ethnographic aspects of the texts. This study concludes that the strong Javanese cultural influence has made the underlying intention of gaining profits to be less explicitly stated. Secondly, the textual analysis and the in-depth interviews supported the view that CPs of batik had been ideally used to create a favorable image of the company. Thirdly, the most distinctive feature that differentiated establishing credentials in the Indonesian batik business context had been the utilization of a sense of moral obligation to preserve native culture. Fourthly, the chemistry between writers and readers of SPLs and CPs built a strong foundation for mutual understanding and thus paved the way for making purchases. To conclude, this study has shown how the wider culture and the culture of the discourse community has contributed to the framing and formatting of SPLs and CPs of batik in terms of lexico-grammar, cognitive structuring, intertextuality and interdiscursivity.

Singing our way to justice: A conversation with Dan Damon—hymn writer, composer, and pastor

Hymnody has long reflected both the theology and the changing concerns of the Christian church. Dan Damon, a leading practitioner with more than a hundred published hymns, has conducted large-scale research into the representation of social justice issues in contemporary hymnals. Damon is interviewed about his creative process as hymn text writer and as composer (a process deeply intertwined with his work as pastor of a United Methodist church), shedding additional light on the questions that motivate his research: “What are we already singing about justice?” and “What justice issues have our hymn writers not yet addressed?” Several hymn texts illustrate Damon’s responses to the omissions implied by the latter question. Reflections on the role of this new hymnody, both in the congregation’s spiritual formation and as call to action, suggest the vitality to be gained by including hymn texts on social justice in our worship.

Nurse as wounded healer in The English Patient

The English Patient, a novel by Michael Ondaatje (1993), is a romantic drama set in the chaos of Europe at the end of World War II. In the ruins of an Italian church, a terribly burned man is being tended to by Hana, a young nurse too traumatised from her own war experiences to return home. Ondaatje’s acclaimed novel contains rich imagery, complex characters and interactions, as well as a story that weaves back and forward in time. The novel is a writerly text; the meaning needs to be unravelled by the reader and, due to this feature, it also makes for interesting reading about nursing. Too often texts about nursing are reductionist and stereotyped – nurse characters are often angels or lovers, sometimes villains and sleuths. Rarely are they portrayed as a wounded healer – an ancient, intriguing and illuminating myth. Within this paper, Hana’s struggles are read as a metaphor for those that similarly confront many nurses. She is a vulnerable young person thrust, because of the nature of her work, into the harsh realities of adulthood. She aspires to a kind of nursing that is attendant and gentle, and able to meet all of her patient’s needs. Yet the world she is forced to work in is chaotic, unpredictable and stripped of resources. The patient she tries to comfort is moribund and he endures agony and loss. In her interactions with him she learns about love, beauty, humility and, ultimately, resilience. In this way the written, literary narrative connects to a cultural narrative that at once embodies a profession’s struggles and illuminates more general transcendence. Image of Michael Ondaatje CC by Attribution 2.0 Generic. Photo by Tulane Public Relations 2010

Sienkiewiczowskie kłopotliwe konteksty (inspiracje?)

The subject of the research are literary convergences that link the prose of the forgotten writer of the Positivist period, Stanisław Grudziński, with the works of Henryk Sienkiewicz, especially with his Trilogy. The comparative analysis includes Grudziński’s novels (Powieści ukraińskie, 1879–1880; Zuch dziewczyna. Powieść obyczajowa, Warszawa 1879). The confluences concern characteristic linguistic devices that render the Ukrainian flavour, fictional entanglements and literary portraits of the main and the secondary protagonists, the identical names of Zagłoba and Horpyna appearing in the texts of both writers. However, the above may be considered as manifestations of dissimilarities within the similar. Sienkiewicz may have been using the same cultural inspirations as Grudziński for the purpose of conjuring up the Ukrainian reality. It is also possible that Sienkiewicz remembered some elements of Grudziński’s prose, using those motifs and ideas which he considered worth developing. In relation to his hypothetical literary predecessor, Sienkiewicz appeared incomparably superior in terms of his artistic imagination, patterns of storytelling, creative development of his characters, as well as his mastery of language. In effect, Sienkiewicz obliterated the memory of Grudziński, who could have served as a model for his own literary works.

Hymns across the water … translated and relocated: The reception of Scottish hymns in translation

In this article a broad overview of the reception of Scottish hymnody in translation is given. Considering the pivotal role the metrical Psalms used to play in the Scottish churches, they are considered first. Only one metrical Psalm made it to be translated widely and to be included in hymnals over the world. It is the metrical setting of Psalm 23, The Lord’s my Shepherd, paired to the tune of Scottish origin, CRIMOND. It is argued that the metrical psalm owes much of its popularity to the tune. A hymn with a text from the Scottish Paraphrases, paired to a Scottish tune, DUNDEE, and for long the only hymn in the Afrikaans churches with a Scottish connection, is discussed with regard to its reception in these churches. It serves as an example of how a hymn could be translated and relocated and function in a new context. In an overview of Scottish hymns translated and included in the newest hymnals in other countries, such as the Netherlands and Norway, it is shown that primarily hymns and songs of the Iona Community are translated and included in the newest hymnals, with John Lamberton Bell being the main exponent as text, hymn and song writer.

Ao som do jazz... os Estados Unidos da América na poesia de Mário de Andrade

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2017v70n1p27O presente artigo dedica-se ao estudo do poema “Nova canção de Dixie” de Mário de Andrade, escrito em 1944 e de publicação póstuma. Os versos tematizam o preconceito e a perseguição racial contra os negros nos Estados Unidos da América, nos anos de 1940. A partir da consulta à correspondência, da comparação com outros textos do escritor, bem como a identificação de episódios sócio históricos dos EUA, transfigurados nos versos, foi possível interpretar o poema brasileiro que ironiza a democracia norte-americana.

COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC ABILITIES OF THE LANGUAGE INDICATOR IN THE S.D. DOVLATOV’S TEXTS

The article is devoted to the study of abilities of the linguistic personality of the language teacher in the aspect of communicative pragmatics and their implementation in the texts of the works of Sergei Dovlatov. The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of elaboration in the modern linguistics of the issues of systemic study of the features of the realization of the axiological aspects of the linguistic personality in the literary text, especially the linguistic personality of the language teacher. The problem also lies in the fact that in modern scientific studies the term "language teacher" is interpreted ambiguously, there is both a broad and a narrow understanding of this metalinguistic linguistic concept. And if scientific research is already being done with respect to many terms in this plan, then there is still insufficient quantity in relation to the term "language teacher" of such studies in order for the problem to be considered resolved, reasoned and proved. The article cites the views of linguists based on the provisions of cognitive science, and the concept of the role of language skills of the language teacher and their communicative and pragmatic properties, ways and specifics of their implementation in the texts of various works by Sergei Dovlatov. Based on such a study of the material of the writer's texts, conclusions are drawn about the axiological parameters of his artistic discourse being studied.

Hans Weigel: "Ich war einmal…" Eine Biographie by Wolff A. Greinert

Reviewed by: Hans Weigel: "Ich war einmal…" Eine Biographie by Wolff A. Greinert Joseph McVeigh Wolff A. Greinert, Hans Weigel: "Ich war einmal…" Eine Biographie. Vienna: Styria, 2015. 415 pp. Those familiar with Austrian literary culture after 1945 will have encountered the name Hans Weigel (1908–1991) primarily in the context of his work as a mentor of young writers such as Ilse Aichinger, Ingeborg Bachmann, and Milo Dor; as a Cold Warrior who, with Friedrich Torberg and others, advocated a boycott of plays by Bertolt Brecht on Viennese stages for roughly a decade beginning in 1953; or as a cultural critic, especially in the areas of theater and music. There was, however, much more to his creative endeavors, as he was also a writer of novels, plays, poetry, libretti, song texts, and cabaret skits as well as a prolific translator from the French, including most of Molière's plays and a radio personality. Sadly, scholarship on Hans Weigel has been spotty at best, especially since his death in 1991. A scholarly conference organized by Dr. Wolfgang Straub in Vienna and Krems in 2013 and the resulting book, Hans Weigel: Kabarettist, Kritiker, Romancier, Literaturmanager (2014), did much to correct this but still left many areas untouched. With the appearance in late 2015 of Wolff Greinert's biography of Hans Weigel, however, scholars, cultural historians, and even a general public interested in Austrian history and culture now have a more comprehensive picture of one of the most influential and dynamic figures of Austrian culture in the mid-twentieth century. As an authorized biography with a foreword by Weigel's third wife, Elfriede Ott, and a chapter about their professional and personal relationship, this book has in some parts a rather congratulatory tone, especially in the final chapter, which goes through the praise he received on the occasion of his round-numbered birthdays. The reader might thus expect to find here a rather stilted portrayal of Weigel and the controversies in which he was often embroiled. That is, happily, not the case. This volume strikes an admirable balance between sympathy and criticism, not overlooking Weigel's many flaws in his personal and professional undertakings but convincingly pointing out that his contribution to Austrian culture since the 1930s was much more than just his Cold War polemics or his support of young writers. Greinert explores in some detail why Weigel was viewed in many circles as a polarizing figure in Austrian literary culture after 1945. Certainly, he never shied away from a good polemic or blunt criticism in his many writings on political and cultural topics. And his "erzählende Biographie" of the actor [End Page 180] Werner Krauß, of Jud Süß infamy, which was published in 1958, as well as his numerous campaigns against the Austrian PEN Club and other organizations only served to reinforced his image as the "Gott-sei-bei-uns" of Austrian culture of the time. Similarly, his advocacy for the Brecht boycott cemented his image for some as Austria's Cold Warrior par excellence. As Greinert points out, however, Weigel greatly admired Brecht's poetry and short dramatic sketches and appeared himself—in a non-speaking role—in a 1932 staging of Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny in the Raimund Theater in Vienna. Among the more fascinating chapters of Weigel's life was his extensive effort to convince both Jewish and non-Jewish émigrés to return to Austria after the war, arguing, unconvincingly for the former group for the most part, that anti-Semitism had been swept away with the NS regime. During his trip to the United States in 1948 to visit his parents, who had emigrated to New York before the war, Weigel met with many of them as part of this effort. Insightful, too, are his long letters from the US to his friends back in Vienna about his experiences in that country in which he strongly criticized, among other things, the American "Herrschaft der Dilettanten" where "Analphabeten bestimmen, was Kunst ist." Weigel's strained perception of his Jewish identity is examined in its own chapter ("Jude oder Österreicher") and offers some interesting insights into the connection between his self...

In fact and actually in English history texts (1700-1900)

ABSTRACT In this paper, I analyse evidential devises as stancetaking markers in history scientific texts from the Modern English period (1700-1900) . For this, I will use the Corpus of History English Texts (CHET), one of the subcorpora within the Coruna Corpus, focussing the attention on how these adverbial devises are used to express interpersonal meanings (Hoye 1997; Biber and Finegan 1988). The adverbials selected for this study, actually and in fact , are said to show authorial stance, therefore they are categorised as epistemic adverbs. From the excerpts available, their use by eighteenth and nineteenth century writers of history texts will be described showing that depending on the context, they may fulfil several pragmatic functions, e.g. indicating different degrees of authorial commitment and detachment towards the information presented, persuasion or politeness and it will be analise as well how authors use those devices to negotiate interactional meanings with their potential readers, mostly colleagues. Keywords: actually, in fact, evidentiality, Coruna Corpus, stance, Modern English

Быль сказки: история русской детской литературы в историко-социальном контексте

The paper reviews the monograph by the Finnish philologist Ben Hellman, Fairy Tales and True Stories: the History of Russian Literature for Children and Young People , released by the publishing house “New literary review” (Moscow) in 2016 in translation from English by O. Bukhina. The book is a systematic study of the history of Russian children’s literature from its beginnings to the first decade of the 21st century. The development of each genre of children’s literature is presented in the book chronologically. Special attention is paid to periodicals and children’s magazines and, accordingly, to the texts of writers of the “se­cond row”, which is of a particular scientific value. The monograph also studies the problem of foreign influences on the work of Russian children’s writers. The specificity of the approach in the monograph by the Finnish scholar is that children’s literature of Russia is considered in historical, social, and aesthetic contexts. The periodization of children’s literature is connected with the main literary movements (sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modernism). Chapters on the Soviet period in Russian children’s literature contain analysis of the socio-political discourse of the era. The monograph analyzes the impact of ideology on such levels of the artistic text as the style, image of the author, and plot. The last chapter of the book is a study of Russian children’s literature of recent years (1991–2000). In this period, Ben Hellman sees the willingness of the writers to experiment in genres and their hybridization. On the whole, the monograph under review is focused on the problems of interaction between literature and socio-cultural environment, political and social discourses, offering a new look at the development of Russian children’s literature.

Literatura e oralidade africanas: mediações

O texto discute alguns pontos de vista teóricos sobre o conceito de oralidade, destacando os sentidos dados aos termos oratura e oralitura e, a partir dessa discussão, considera o uso que diferentes escritores africanos fazem da oralidade, procurando analisar textos desses escritores em que se observa a apropriação de falas e cantos orais, bem como outras formas de mediação entre voz e letra, produzidas por propostas literárias africanas de língua portuguesa.

Поэтика рассказа И. А. Бунина «Веселый двор»: имя - художественная деталь - нарратив

The article examines the features of the proper noun in its interaction with the narrative organization and motif structure of a literary text on the material of I.A. Bunin's Happy House. The analysis considers the mythopoetic aspect of the proper noun problem that it received in the second third of the 20th century. In her research of 1936, O.M. Freydenberg was first to identify the connection between the name, the motif and the character in a literary text. Later the features of the proper noun as a specific type of a sign, allocated in the ancient period of the poetic word, were shown in the structural and semiotic research of Yu.M. Lotman and B.A. Uspen-sky, and then in the historical poetics of S.N. Broytman. Despite the fact that the narratological approach was not used very often to analyze Bunin's prose, such works are fundamental in all studies of Bunin's oeuvre. L.S. Vygotsky first paid attention to the narrative organization of the writer's texts. O.V. Slivitskaya used more narrative techniques in her works. She made a fundamental observation about the overabundance of things in Bunin's texts. Detailed descriptions of objects in his fictional world often dominate over the plot and dynamic elements. To construct such a dense, tactile art world, the writer should select word signs whose structure implies identity between the word and its referent. The most suitable type of such a sign is a proper name. It can make the text much more objectified and also denotes an event. In Bunin's novel Happy House, the nickname, a type of the proper noun, is in the focus of attention. Two focal characters of the story were analyzed: Anisya and Egor Minaev, and, respectively, two lines of equivalent motifs that are connected with them. One source for all these motifs is the semantics of Anisya's nickname: Ukhvat [Oven Fork]. Anisya's motifs are parallel with the motifs that create her son's image. On the one hand, relations between characters are shown on the plot level and in the perspective that Russian formalists called fabula. On the other hand, they are detailed in the numerous tangles of motifs that arise from the meaning of Anisya's nickname. Consequently, when the narratological approach is used, the similarity of the characters' fates is identified. Therefore, relationships between them become much more ambiguous and tangled, which shows how Bunin deepens the problems of this short story. If to attract the narratological analysis for solving the proper noun problem, it shows not only the socio-historical side of the novel, but deeper questions and ontological focuses of Bunin's prose.

Effects of Written Corrective Feedback on Explicit and Implicit Knowledge

This study is an examination of the effect of the different degrees of explicitness of written corrective feedback (WCF) on implicit and explicit knowledge of the target structure (past simple tense) in the short term and long term. There were four experimental groups including a control group, in this quasi-experimental study which received different degrees of explicit WCF. This study sought to investigate whether or not written corrective feedback could also be effective in targeting the problematic error category in the texts of FL writers. Past simple test was known as the problematic structure based on the result of the pre-test, though their level of proficiency was intermediate. It was found that both metalinguistic and direct WCF could affect the participants’ explicit knowledge of the past simple tense in the short term and long term; the indirect WCF on the other hand, could only affect the explicit knowledge in the short term and the reformulation was the only kind of WCF that did not have any effect on the explicit knowledge of the past simple tense. Moreover, all the experimental groups’ implicit knowledge improved in the short term; however, this improvement was sustained in the long term for the metalinguistic and indirect groups only. Journal of NELTA, Vol. 21, No. 1-2, 2016, Page:74-85

Family Feuds Are Forever

A follow-up reflection on the writing of “Family Feuds are Forever” explores how writing autoethnographically is not an innocent practice. When we write, we become vulnerable to others’ readings of our words and lived experiences. Yet, as writers of social science texts, we welcome this vulnerability, and in doing so, we discard our innocence. We create interpretations of events and a record for ourselves, and others, that are subject to outside and inside scrutiny. This reflection explores how writing autoethnographically as in “Family Feuds are Forever” challenges us to be ethical with ourselves and others.

A Conceptual Framework for Emergent Digital Literacy

As we progress in the 21st century, children learn to become proficient readers and writers of both digital and non-digital texts. Knowledge, skills, and understandings of literacy emerge through sociocultural interactions with non-digital tools (e.g., paper-printed books) and digital tools (e.g., touch screen tablets). However, debate is ongoing over the role that digital experiences play in emergent literacy development. Researchers have voiced the need to conceptualise a common framework for literacy development that considers the emergence of digital literacy skills alongside conventional literacy skills and how these skills might interact during development. This is particularly important in light of the increasing use of digital texts used by young children, such as E-books and digital games. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework that might guide research and practice by examining the relationships between emergent literacy skills, emergent digital literacy skills, and proficiency in reading and writing.

The Re-imagining Inherent in Crime Fiction Translation

The Re-imagining Inherent in Crime Fiction Translation