Educational Texts Research Articles

TEXTS CONTAINING TRANSLATION PROBLEMS FOR THE TRANSLATION COMPETENCES FORMATION

Background. The article is devoted to the actual problem of improving the quality of translators’ training in accordance both with the Federal State Educational Standard 3++ requirements and the new professional translator standard.The article presents the didactic principles of teaching translation developed by K. Nord in the framework of the scopos theory, as well as defines the criteria for selecting educational texts with the inclusion of translation problems.
 Purpose. To determine the criteria for selecting texts for teaching translation within the framework of didactic principles developed by Ch. Nord.
 Materials and methods. The main research methods are the analysis of the scientific literature of Russian and foreign scientists on the problem, the theoretical analysis of works on the issues under study, observation, analysis of texts and generalization of experience.
 Research results. In the course of the study, based on their own translation experience and based on the didactic principles of K. Nord, the criteria for selecting educational texts for translation were determined, including pragmatic, conventional, linguistic, and normative problems.
 Practical implications. The results obtained can be used in teaching students to translate from German into Russian.

TRANSLATION COMPETENCE AS COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Background. The article considers and analyzes the main modern requirements for the professional training of these students at the level of FSES 3++ and needs of the labor market for the occupations corresponding to International Relations under the modern social conditions.
 Purpose. The purpose of the research is to model the process dealing with the translation competence formation of the bachelor students in International Relations. The scientific novelty of the study is to clarify the foreign language professional communicative competence (IPCC) components.
 Materials and methods. The main research methods used are the methods of scientific description (the study of specialized literature, its systematization and interpretation) and experimental methods of study (the identification of the competence formation model stages and its implementation).
 Results. The paper reveals the concept of translation competence and its components. The language training of the bachelor students in International Relations at the undergraduate stage without thorough translation competence formation and training in written translation skills is not very productive. The ways to solve the problem are seen in the highlighting of stages in the model of the translation competence formation of the students in International Relations. This implies the underlining of two levels: 1) basic level – teaching students to translate educational texts on the main educational programs; 2) professional level – a training course in the translation of professionally oriented texts as part of implementation of the additional education program “Translator in the field of professional communication”.
 Practical implications. The result of the study is to practice the translation competence formation model in the course of foreign language training for students in International Relations taking into account these two levels.

USING POETIC TEXTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AT SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC: THE RESULTS OF PILOT STUDY

The development of learners’communicative competence is the main goal in foreign language teaching. Numerous domestic and foreign researchers have noted that using poetic texts in foreign language teaching contributes to the development of four language skills: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Our dissertation research focuses on the use of poetic texts in the Russian language teaching at secondary schools of the Czech Republic. This paper presents the results of a pilot study conducted in April - October 2021. The purpose of the study was to test the appropriateness of the data collection tools. The pilot study consisted of a semi-structured interview with a secondary school teacher who used poetic texts in his teaching practice, and a structured observation of his lessons. It was discovered that the chosen data collection tools were selected appropriately, as they lead to answering the main research question: how poetic texts are used to develop communicative competence in the Russian language teaching at Czech secondary schools. The interview with the chosen for the pilot study teacher and the observation of his lessons led to the conclusion that using poetic texts in Russian lessons helps to develop monologic and dialogic speaking skills, it also helps to develop listening and reading skills. It also helps to enlarge the learners’ vocabulary. The use of poetic texts gives an opportunity to work with various grammatical and phonetic phenomena in a creative way; it is also one of the ways to introduce the learners to the culture of Russia. The frequency of the inclusion of poetic texts in the lessons is influenced by the school curriculum, the chosen textbook, the characteristics of the class and motivation of the learners.

Comparative Analysis of Text Complexity in English Textbooks

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the complexity of texts on the material of the linguistic subcorpus of English textbooks “English”, “Starlight” and “Rainbow English” for the 11th grade. The total volume of the sub-corpus of texts acting as empirical material for the research amounted to 36 texts (3955 word uses). One of the characteristics of the complexity of the text is its readability. It depends on the degree of complexity of words and the structures used in the sentences, as well as on such quantitative parameters of the text as the average length of the sentence (in word usage) and the average length of the syllable in the word. The readability of the text is calculated with the help of the formulas of Flesh Reading Ease, Flesh-Kincaid Grade, and the Gunning Fog index known in linguistics. The results of the complexity assessment were obtained using the TextInspector automated text complexity analyzer program. It was revealed that the complexity of the texts in the textbooks under discussion corresponds to the age characteristics and intellectual level of high school students. At the same time, the complexity indicators of the texts in the textbook “Starlight” are higher than the indicators of the textbooks “Rainbow English” and “English”, which is explainable, since the textbook “Starlight” is intended for schools with in-depth study of the English language. The automatic analysis of the complexity of educational texts using information technologies based on methods of their

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Membaca Cepat Berbasis E-Learning (Studi Pengembangan Di SDN Tidung Kota Makassar)

This research is a development research. The focus of the research was to develop e-Learning-based fast reading fiction text teaching materials for grade 5 students at SDN Tidung Makassar City. The subject of this research is a valid, practical, and effective fast-reading teaching material for fiction texts. The teaching material product development method uses the Four-D model development design from Thiagarajan which consists of four stages. The four stages are define, design, develop and disseminate. The results showed that the e-Learning-based fast reading of fictional texts for grade 5 students at SDN Tidung Makassar City was in the very valid category because the average expert validation results for the e-Learning-based fast reading of fictional texts reached the predetermined standard, in the very category. practical because the average value of the percentage of students who agreed with the statement items in the student response questionnaire was 99.46%, and very effective because the pretest results were in the incomplete category, while the posttest results were in the complete category.

Gender stereotypes in educational texts: A comparative study of Indonesian and international primary English textbooks

Despite the claim that the world is progressing toward gender parity, gender stereotyping continues to be a challenge for many countries, including Indonesia. This critical discourse study sought to investigate if gender stereotypes (still) exist in English language textbooks (ELTs) utilized in international and local (Indonesian) contexts. To this end, this study analysed visual texts portraying male and female characters from the student books of English Chest 6 and Let’s Go 6 from a Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA) perspective. In terms of gender representation and responsiveness, both quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed that both ELTs depict unequal portrayals. Furthermore, gender stereotypes were identified in both educational documents under investigation in two social settings, namely family and occupation/profession. This empirical research implies that, in order to achieve more equality in education, both textbook authors and schoolteachers around the world should be fully aware of gender issues encapsulated in educational documents.

Flash Fiction Story, an Authentic Text for Literacy Development in Spanish as a Foreign Language

Summary The present study is based on flash fiction texts as a tool for literacy. Literacy has been highlighted as one of the main ideas in the new Educational Standard of Latvia (in force since September 2020). This fact, followed by Solvita Berra’s recent research on original texts in foreign language teaching, leads to the exploration of flash fiction stories (sp. microrrelatos) as an authentic text and a perfect tool for promoting literacy in the Spanish as a foreign language (ELE) classroom, since it blends perfectly with a variety of creative writing exercises. The flash fiction is a narrative genre that has had a great impact on the Spanish academic field in recent decades. The introduction of flash fiction in the ELE classroom has so far been proposed in several master’s dissertations, but its research at a scientific level is still very scarce. The benefits of the introduction of this literary genre in didactics have been treated at the doctoral thesis level by Belén Mateos Blanco (University of Valladolid) and later published in the manual “The flash fiction as a didactic tool in the teaching of ELE”, and few others. However, flash fiction stories are good socio-cultural references and serve both, for the teaching of different literary, linguistic and sociocultural aspects, as well as for the promotion of literacy. In addition, they represent a great variety of Spanish, since they have been written by authors from almost all Spanish-speaking countries. The empirical part of the article presents two didactic Units developed based on the use of flash fiction stories for the A1–A2 and B1 Spanish acquisition level. These two units form part of a 20-unit didactic material created as a result of a doctoral thesis. Here published proposal has been proved in the classwork with University of Liepaja students of the 1st and 2nd year of Spanish studies.

Excavating Legal Problems in Early Ming China: The Historical Value of Zhu Yuanzhang’s Dan’e lu

<p>本文以前人罕有採用的明太祖朱元璋御撰教化書《癉惡錄》作為主要史料，探討洪武中後期的法制弊端。除了梳理有關《癉惡錄》的版本及流傳情況，討論此書對了解明初法制及社會的史料價值外，也從明太祖的視角分析此書序文與後序提及的法制問題，指出太祖有意無視獄政及徒流處分管理糜爛，以加強對臣民犯法的恐嚇。接著，再集中討論是書撻伐中低級貪污官員犯案的「累惡不悛」篇，尤其注意在中樞官署處理軍政及司法事務的官員，他們本身貪贓枉法的罪行。明太祖既於洪武十八至二十年間頒行了三篇《大誥》，《癉惡錄》的案件令他了解社會對重典的反應，亦讓這位猛烈求治的君主在列舉臣民惡行的同時，也反思刑殺的教化效果，以及法制應向輕重得宜的「中典」發展。</p> <p> </p><p>This article focuses on a selection of early Ming legal cases as presented in the 1390 publication Dan’e lu (A Record of Condemning Evil), an educational transformation text written by the first Ming Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang (1368-1398). This rare book has yet to receive an extended analysis and for this reason the article opens with a discussion of the Dan’e lu’s publication history and argues that in its reflection of how the early Ming judiciary system operated this work is of historical value. In light of the preface, postface, as well as the legal cases against officials in the section entitled “Corrupt Acts of the Unrepentant,” the remaining sections of this article investigate various serious offenses committed by officials from the military and judicial administrations post-1385. Zhu Yuanzhang deliberately overlooked prison mismanagement and other corrupt official practices because he saw it as a means to deter the general population from breaking the law. By investigating the complicated interactions between Zhu and his central officials in the judicial arena as outlined in the Dan’e lu’s cases, this article argues that these legal cases allowed Zhu to gauge social reaction to the cruel punishments implemented in the 1385 Great Announcement (Dagao), while at the same time he enumerated societal wrong-doing, and reflected on the fact that his injunctions had little effect on corrupt officials, thus revealing the limitations of his attempt to reform society through heavy-handed legal measures.</p> <p> </p>

Linguistic and Didactic Adapttion of Educational Mecal Texts for Foreign Students

The principles of selecting educational texts of a medical profile for practical classes in Russian as a foreign language are considered. The ways of their linguodidactic adaptation for foreign students who speak Russian in the volume of the basic and first certification levels are described. The novelty of the research lies in the application of the methodology of corpus linguistics and the modeling method in the preparation of educational material for the lesson. The author presents examples of adaptation of the educational text in the discipline “Anatomy” in order to prepare students for further study of the subject and successful communication in this subject area. It has been determined that for foreign students with a basic level of Russian language proficiency, it is necessary to apply non-linguistic and linguistic adaptation of the text, while for students with a B1 language proficiency level, non-linguistic text adaptation should be carried out, aimed at preserving the meaning of the original text of the textbook. It has been established that the Latin version of the terms makes it difficult to perceive the Russian-language text and, therefore, necessitates the creation of a terminological dictionary on the subject with parallel translation into Russian and English.

Study protocol: Behavioral economics and self-determination theory to change diabetes risk (BEST Change)

BackgroundThe Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and metformin can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among patients with prediabetes. Yet, even when these evidence-based strategies are accessible and affordable, uptake is low. Thus, there is a critical need for effective, scalable, and sustainable approaches to increase uptake and engagement in these interventions. MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, we will test whether financial incentives and automated messaging to promote autonomous motivation for preventing T2DM can increase DPP participation, metformin use, or both among adults with prediabetes. Participants (n = 380) will be randomized to one of four study arms. Control Arm participants will receive usual care and educational text messages about preventing T2DM. Incentives Arm participants will receive the Control Arm intervention plus financial incentives for DPP participation or metformin use. Tailored Messages Arm participants will receive the Control Arm intervention plus tailored messages promoting autonomous motivation for preventing T2DM. Combined Arm participants will receive the Incentives Arm and Tailored Messages Arm interventions plus messages to increase the personal salience of financial incentives. The primary outcome is change in hemoglobin A1c from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes are change in body weight, DPP participation, and metformin use. DiscussionIf effective, these scalable and sustainable approaches to increase patient motivation to prevent T2DM can be deployed by health systems, health plans, and employers to help individuals with prediabetes lower their risk for developing T2DM.

Popular culture texts in education: The effect of tales transformed into children's media on critical thinking and media literacy skills

This study focuses on the effect of using postmodern tale films, which are based on the transformation of a text and enable multiple reading, as an educational tool on critical thinking and media literacy skills. In the study, which was structured as an embedded mixed design in order to achieve this aim, qualitative data were embedded in the experimental intervention and it was aimed that one data type play a supporting role for the other. The study group consists of 43 students studying at the 7th grade in an official secondary school in the province of Mus, in the fall semester of the 2021–2022 academic year. During the 8-week application period, while activities designed with media contents including the transformation of tales were practiced in the experimental group (n = 21), activities in the current Turkish textbook were practiced in the control group (n = 22). In this period, “critical thinking skills test” developed by Eğmir and Ocak (2016), “media literacy scale sensitive to entertainment purpose” developed by the authors, semi-structured interview forms, and semi-structured observation form were used as data collection tools. It was concluded that the application designed with activities in which media contents containing tale transformations were used made a significant difference in favor of the experimental group on critical thinking and media literacy skills of students. In addition to this, observations made during these activities and products created by students showed that reflective and creative thinking skills were also positively affected in relation to critical thinking and media literacy skills. Quantitative data showing the results of these effects are supported by qualitative data helping to understand in which direction and how these effects occur.

INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF USE OF AUTHENTICITY OF MATERIALS IN TEACHING ENGLISH

In this article there were studied pedagogical and psychological principles of using authentic materials, which are a fairly new direction for pedagogical science and practice. We showed, that as a rule teachers were used to pay attention to textbook materials. However, in modern educational activities, teachers-methodists tend to use authentic materials to a much greater extent than to use educational texts. This, in turn, will greatly contribute to a more productive mastering of educational materials by schoolchildren. On the other hand, the authenticity of the content material allows pupils to delve into the essence of the theoretical and practical issues having been studied, and this will have a rather positive effect on the overall effectiveness of training, on better mastering of educational content in general.
 In our empirical research we proposed for pupils of secondary school such proverbs and sayings, which they had to study. Before giving the pupils such a task to study these proverbs and sayings, we combined the last ones into some main paradigmatic groups, such as: “Skills. Personal characteristics”; “Personal experience. Skills”; “Help”; “Laziness. Negligence”; “Teaching. Tutorials”. We studied phonetic and stylistic aspects of proverbs and sayings with the component of “human activity”. In turn, after studying them we modelated some exercises for pupils, to underline in their structure the paradigm of authenticity. So, in this article it was firstly when for pupils there were proposed our author’s authentic tasks and exercises. We proved, that pedagogical and psychological content of these lexical units in a large degree was reached by rhyme of proverbs and sayings, such as: rhyme of proverbs and sayings; full male rhyme; accurate or identical male rhyme; full female rhyme; alliteration of proverbs and sayings; repetition of two sounds in the structure of proverbs and sayings; a combination of alliteration with rhymes in the structure of proverbs and sayings; assonance in the structure of proverbs and sayings.

Adjusting tertiary mental health education during Covid-19: an Australian experience.

Globally, tertiary education has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 crisis. In this essay we explore the impact of the pandemic on this educational sector in an Australian setting; specifically, we discuss how the Research School of Population Health at the Australian National University adjusted and adapted to the changing circumstances arising from the pandemic. In this respect, two adjustments (both described in detail in the text) in the way mental health education was delivered at the School were proposed to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 and enhance the university's capacity to provide quality public health education to students. Thus, this essay shows that it is possible to design educational interventions that surmount the challenges posed by the pandemic. In addition, educators may use the examples cited in this paper to guide them to respond appropriately to the challenges that have arisen in terms of health education due to Covid-19.

Challenging the hidden curriculum: Building a lived process for responsibility in responsible management education

This essay argues that conceptualisations of responsibility in the responsible management education literature are generally superficial or unstated. We propose that this leads to practical understandings of responsibility being drawn from the hidden curriculum of socialised learning in the background of formal educational contexts. To disrupt this and enable critical thought and action, we argue for the integration of three perspectives that can be combined in a dynamic, lived process. First, we suggest that evidence-based management challenges us to seek out evidence to inform responsible management practice in ways that are thoughtful, critical and reflexive. Second, we argue that an interpretive approach employing philosophical hermeneutics connects responsibility to situated judgement about how we should interpret evidence available to us in the context of lived human experience in dialogue with others. Third, deconstruction reveals (aspects of) the ways in which the hidden curriculum constructs responsibility in the context of responsible management education texts and talk – and helps us to remain open to other possibilities. We integrate these three perspectives to arrive at a definition of responsibility as a lived process with implications for students, educators and the institutions they inhabit.

Художественный текст в аспекте формирования лингвокультурологической компетенции студентов-филологов при обучении русскому языку

The study aims to consider ways of linguoculturological competence formation among philology students during classes in modern Russian in a multicultural educational space. Scientific novelty of the study lies in proposing a methodological system of working with a literary text during classes in modern Russian that is aimed at linguoculturological competence formation providing for the identification of universal and nation-specific features in a literary text. As a result of the study, the researchers have determined the need for a comprehensive analysis of nation-specific units of the language (Russian religious names, Turkisms-regionalisms) using cultural studies, historical-linguistic, etymological and linguoculturological commentaries and involving the material of an educational literary text. This will expand students’ cognitive base, i.e. the pool of knowledge about the peoples’ culture.

Informal science, technology, engineering and math learning conditions to increase parent involvement with young children experiencing poverty.

Broadening participation in early science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) learning outside of school is important for families experiencing poverty. We evaluated variations of the Teaching Together STEM pre-kindergarten program for increasing parent involvement in STEM learning. This informal STEM, family engagement program was offered in 20 schools where 92% of students received free/reduced lunch. The core treatment included a series of family education workshops, text messages, and family museum passes. The workshops were delivered at school sites by museum outreach educators. We randomly assigned schools to business-as-usual control or one of three additive treatment groups. Using an additive treatment design, we provided the core program in Treatment A, we added take-home STEM materials in Treatment B, and added materials + parent monetary rewards in Treatment C. The primary outcome was parent involvement in STEM (n = 123). There were no significant impacts of any treatment on parent involvement; however, the groups that added take-home materials had larger effect sizes on parent involvement at posttest (ES = -0.08 to 0.18) and later, kindergarten follow-up (ES = -0.01 to 0.34). Adding parent monetary rewards only produced short-term improvements in parent involvement that faded at follow-up. We discuss implications for other community-sponsored family engagement programs focused on informal STEM learning, including considering characteristics of families who were more versus less likely to attend. These null findings suggest that alternatives to in-person family education workshops should be considered when parents are experiencing poverty and have competing demands on their time.

Telaah Kontemporer Hermeunetika Double Movement Fazlur Rahman atas Tradisi Islam

This study will offer 1) the direction of Rahman's study of the Islamic tradition, 2) Rahman's epistemological problems in the study of the Islamic tradition, 3) the study of Rahman's double movement hermeneutics on the Islamic tradition, and 4) Rahman's methodological contribution to the study of the Islamic tradition. This study uses a historical-sociological approach to see in more detail how Rahman examines Islamic traditions from a hermeneutical perspective. The results of this study indicate that first, the direction of Rahman's reading of the Islamic tradition looks very objective, regardless of the subjectivity of the two currents of traditionalist and modernist thought. Rahman did not defend the two currents of thought, each thought received criticism on the one hand, but on the other hand has also received positive appreciation. Second, the epistemological problem that arises in his thinking is the existence of an epistemological pattern of Islamic studies which is both mainstream, extreme right with traditionalist currents and extreme left with modernist currents from Western orientalism circles which are very free in understanding religion. Third, according to the reading of Rahman's theory of double movement hermeneutics at that time, efforts were needed to formalize, permanentize and verbalize the living sunnah into text form which is now known as hadith. Without this effort, Muslims will lose their identity and experience a historical disconnect. However, the formalization, verbalization, and permanentization of hadith does not mean setting it as an absolute, let alone a rigid rule that rejects the interpretation space of understanding for the religious elite. Because according to Rahman's most basic view, once the hadith is determined to be absolute, it can no longer be touched by the thoughts of the respective religious elites, then the living sunnah which has the basic character of nurturing and protecting has been reduced in meaning. Considering this understanding has forced certain situations and conditions to comply with behavior that has been literally standardized in the form of the hadith. Fourth, Rahman's hermeneutical approach is very significant in relation to the recontextualization of the universal message of teachings inherent in the authoritative sources of each religion. With this approach, maqashidu al-syariah as a religious text teaching message will be actualized according to the breath of the times. Keywords: formalization, hermeneutics, modernist, sunnah, traditionalist

Perencanaan Bahan Ajar Teks Anekdot dengan Pendekatan Keterampilan Abad 21 pada Kelas X Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

The 21st-century skills are the answer to the world of education in welcoming the industrial era 4.0. Indonesian language teaching materials for the Vocational High School (SMK) level also need to adapt to this approach. Synchronizing the SMK curriculum with industry certainly brings advantages for preparing anecdotal text teaching materials, especially animation skills. This research and development using the 4D method, seek to create prototypes of teaching materials that apply 21st-century skills assisted by Google Sites. The research stages consist of initial research and information gathering, product foundation and planning, and product format development. The product testing stage is not carried out. Teachers have difficulty completing the material because learning hours are often used for vocational activities. The application of 21st-century skills in anecdotal teaching materials is as follows: (1) critical thinking is applied to activities to identify structure and language; (2) communication is carried out by presenting the idea to be uploaded through social media; (3) collaboration with group activities in writing anecdotes based on comic strips; and (4) creativity and innovation in compiling anecdotal texts based on comic strips in the order given.

Formation of scientific and theoretical competencies through the analysis of literary texts

The aim of this article is to get the views of the students of the faculty of science and literature at the university on the formation of scientific and theoretical competence through the analysis of literary texts. Literary text is an important factor in developing students' communication skills. It is also very important in the analysis of literary texts. The opinions of the final year students of the faculty of science and literature are very important with the analysis of literary texts. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with a total of 92 senior students in the 2021–2022 academic year. Final year students are individuals who are ready for the profession from many fields. For this reason, the opinions of the students who will work in the profession of the future in the analysis of the texts were taken. The research questions were prepared by making content analyses by the researchers. In total, the final forms of the research questions were given by taking the opinions of four experts in their fields. The data obtained in this study, in which the qualitative research method was used, were thematised and explained with the content analysis method. As a result of the results obtained from the research, it was concluded that the students need scientific guidance in text analysis concepts. It was also concluded that the students had sufficient knowledge about the teaching and activities of literary texts. As a result of the results obtained from this research, training can be given to students on the analysis of text concepts in scientific terms.
 Keywords: Literary text, analysis, university student, opinion, qualitative method, scientific

Reading Kuunmong: The Cloud Dream of the Nine as a Liberal Arts Education Text in the Metaverse Era

By examining a series of classes engaged in the reading of <i>Kuunmong: The Cloud Dream of the Nine</i> with the concept of the metaverse in mind, this study aims at developing a method of how to instruct students when it comes to reading the classics. This study also aims at getting students to rediscover the value of <i>Kuunmong</i> as a liberal arts education text.In order to ensure that students read difficult classical literature properly, an instructor needs to choose a proper work carefully and to consider how best to let the students read it. In our classes, reading <i>Kuunmong</i> was connected to the concept of the metaverse, taking into consideration the times in which we live, along with the interests of the students. In the reading part, the importance of actually finishing the reading, reading from the view point of the present world, autobiographical reading, reading together with related works, and so forth, were emphasized. Reinforcing group discussion and peer feedback increased the students’ participation and interests.Through the explanation of the similarities between the dream world of <i>Kuunmong</i> and the virtual world of the metaverse, the students approached <i>Kuunmong</i> with more interest and understood the themes better. In addition, in essays they wrote after reading <i>Kuunmong</i>, they dealt with many related topics, such as the methods of love and communication, the attitudes toward desires, the importance of experiences and actions, the problems of losing one’s sense of reality, and the importance of integrated thinking. They also explored the solutions to these problems. These topics are not very different from the goals of liberal arts education and the themes of <i>Kuunmong</i>. In this regard, we can confirm that reading <i>Kuunmong</i> using the concept of the metaverse can contribute to the achievement of such goals and to improving the understanding of <i>Kuunmong</i> as a text.