Textile Finishing Research Articles

A novel sustainable phosphorus-containing heteroatom-based coating for polyamide 6.6 textiles: Enhanced flame retardancy and hydrophilicity

The demand for "green" materials increases due to concerns about the effects of flame-retardant textiles. Using natural plant-base compounds such as phytic acid (PA) and the most abundant green amino polysaccharide chitosan (CS) as effective and durable flame retardants for textiles is essential for creating sustainable and ecological textile products. This study aims to develop a novel, eco-friendly, phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing flame retardant known as ammonium phytate (AP), intending to improve the flame retardant properties of polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) textiles. UV-induced grafting with 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) increases the surface functional groups of PA6.6 fabrics. Later, the surface-modified fabrics were coated with phosphorus-containing heteroatom-based components, namely, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, and boron, onto a single flame retardant system via layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of positively charged chitosan/boron drop (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane/silicon dioxide (CS/BAPTES/SiO2) sole solution and negatively charged AP solution to enhance superior hydrophilic and durable flame retardant performance. According to the data, a weight pick-up of 56.5% is attributable to only 4 BLs. However, all the flame-retardant-coated fabrics can completely stop the melting-dripping tendency and achieve B-3 to B-2 ratings after the UL-94 vertical burning test. In addition, the LOI values of treated fabrics increase from 18.5% to 23.5% compared to a pure sample. The AMPS grafted with a 4BL-deposited fabric sample exhibits a maximum decrease in peak heat release rate (PHRR) of more than 54%. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) test reveals a significant increase in thermal stability and char yield. Additionally, the as-prepared phosphorus-containing heteroatom-based coatings impart a water contact angle value of approximately 0⁰ within 2 s, demonstrating that the treated fabrics exhibit superior hydrophilic performance. Moreover, using AMPS-grafted and only 2-BL-deposited treatments improves coating stability in washing and imparts durable flame retardancy that can resist up to 20 washing cycles. It is proposed that the sustainable phosphorus-containing heteroatom-based coating may be a potentially effective replacement for existing durable flame retardants routinely used in textile finishing operations.

Encapsulated lemon oil and metal nanoparticles in biopolymer for multifunctional finishing of cotton and wool fabrics

This study examined the utilization of different metal nanoparticles encapsulated in biopolymer material in the presence or absence of lemon oil to cellulosic and proteinic fabrics to obtain textile material with mosquito-repellent, fragrance, and antibacterial Properties. Encapsulation of lemon oil into the biopolymers was performed using the mechanical homogenizing mixing method. several treatments for textile materials using pad-dry-packing procedures were devolved in the presence or absence of metal nanoparticles. the natural polymers were used in various concentrations (3%, 5%, and 10%). For each polymer, varied concentrations with encapsulated oil were utilized. Different methods were used to investigate the finished textile materials in terms of their physical-mechanical characteristics. The treated fabrics with AgNPs (5%) encapsulated in gelatin biopolymer give higher antimicrobial activity; the treated fabrics with TiO2NPs (5%) encapsulated in pectin biopolymer give higher mosquito repellent activity; and the treated fabrics with ZnONPs (5%) encapsulated in gelatin biopolymer give higher UPF values. The physical and mechanical qualities of the treated textiles perform well when compared to untreated cloth.

Crypt, Cornucopia and the Surface of Pattern

This article argues that the development of highly patterned ‘African print’ textiles known as Dutch Wax print, which bring together designs from Indonesian batik, Indian ornamental protocols and West African chromatics with European fabric finishing techniques (often transferred from paper-making), is also the story of how Dutch mercantilism shaped commodities and taste across continents and cultures. I combine a symptomatic reading of the archives and design work at the Helmond headquarters of Vlisco, the most prestigious producer of Dutch wax, with an investigation into the relationship between mercantilism, religious wars and ornamentalism in the Low Countries. A thanatal, hallucinatory transoceanic design history emerges, attesting to Europe’s fraught relationship to African and Asian material culture. It asks us to read the textiles on which design coagulates as the very ground for the (re)ordered inscription of violence, guilt, trauma and material excess which the disorderly cornucopia of the design archive keeps generating.

Potential Applications of Microencapsulated Essential Oil Components in Mosquito Repellent Textile Finishes

This study aimed to develop a cost-effective and eco-friendly mosquito-repellent textile finish based on microcapsules incorporated with limonene, camphor, linalool, menthol, and 1-octanol individually. Essential oil-based microcapsules were prepared by the emulsion extrusion microencapsulation method. The concentration of active components was determined by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique at different time intervals. The prepared microcapsules were incorporated into the textile finish to prepare an insect-repellent finish and applied to polyester: cotton (40:60) fabric using a conventional pad-dry cure method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to ensure the presence and stability of essential oil components on the fabric. FT-IR spectra showed that peaks observed in the range of (3400–3200 cm−1) and (1720–1600 cm−1) correspond to –OH stretching and bending vibrations in both untreated and microencapsulated essential oil-treated fabric. Mosquito-repellent activity was assessed by exposing treated and untreated fabric to mosquitoes. To study the long-lasting impact of microencapsulation of essential oil components on fabric, mosquito repellency was repeated every 10 to 50 days. Fabrics treated with microencapsulated essential oil components presented higher and longer-lasting protection from mosquitoes than untreated fabrics. Menthol (97%), linalool (93%), and limonene (93%) encapsulated finishes showed significantly higher repellency (>90%) as compared with octanol finishes. The studied mosquito repellent finishes could be ideal candidates for textile finishing industries.

Bio-Fabrication and Efficiency Analysis of Annona Muricata Extract Coated on Bamboo Fiber for Wound Healing Application

ABSTRACT This study focusses on the bio-fabrication of leaf extracts of Annona muricata dyed bamboo woven fabric and its application in wound healing. Annona muricata was exposed to ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with acetone for fabric finishing. Bioactivity is characterized and employed in textile fabric coating to evaluate the efficacy of its antibacterial and wound healing characteristics. The treated fabric was then tested for antibacterial activity using gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, aroma, color intensity, olfaction, and invivo wound healing. The invivo test was carried out in wistar rats for 21 days for 50%, 75%, and 100%. According to the results of the analysis, the extract is a good antibacterial agent against gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilus) and gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.), which aids in the prevention of bacteria and other germs from sticking to the injured area since the leaf extracts have high antibacterial properties. The wound healing impact of the plant extract coated with bamboo fabric on in vivo wound models in rats (Wistar albino rats) demonstrated a significant increase in wound closure, showing the efficacy of the coated fabric.

Application of Achillea millefolium as a Natural Antibacterial Agent in Finishing of Textile

Application of Achillea millefolium as a Natural Antibacterial Agent in Finishing of Textile

Self-cleaning finishing of polyester fabrics using ZnONPs

Self-cleaning finishing of polyester fabrics using ZnONPs

Polyurethane (PU) in textile finishing process

Polyurethane (PU) in textile finishing process

Dona Folô’s clothing: a non-free Creole, who carried jewelry and fine fabrics

This article addresses the discussion presented to the Design, History and Society Annual Conference 2022 with the theme Design and Transience that took place in September 8th-10th 2022 at the Izmir Technological Institute, in Turkey. The objective was to present the transience of the social role occupied by Dona Folô in the period of Imperial Brazil, by carrying the Crioula Jewelry and wearing clothes made in fine fabrics – although she, as a slave, did not have possession of her freedom. With this research in progress, we aim to give visibility to the story of Dona Folô, while also wanting to talk about Crioula Jewelry and fabrics imported from Great Britain. As a result, we observed that the subject raised the interest of scholars and researchers who participated in the Conference.

Durable and comfortable superoleophobic fabrics utilizing ultra-short-chain fluorinated surface chemistry

A superoleophobic textile treatment was designed for nylon fabrics based on perfluoropolyether chemistry. Treated fabrics showed superoleophobicity for n-hexadecane with a contact angle of 150° ± 4°, and a contact angle of 80° ± 5° for n-octane. The oil-repellent finish exhibited good washing fastness and could still repel n-decane after 10 washing cycles. The fabric finish also decreased the adhesion of a range of fouling solidifying substances including mud, ice, and cyanoacrylate glue, up to 6 times compared to the untreated textile. The tear resistance of treated fabric was statistically equivalent to that of the untreated fabric, and the treatment enhanced flame resistance up to 14%. The comfort properties were either unchanged or decreased minimally, as compared to the untreated fabric, indicating that the perfluoropolyether-based finish may be a suitable replacement for the short-chain and long-chain perfluoroalkylated substances used as oleophobic fabric finishes today.

Antimicrobial and Self-Cleaning Finishing of Cotton Fabric Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Antimicrobial and Self-Cleaning Finishing of Cotton Fabric Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Blocking ultraviolet and anti-staining for cotton fabric 100% using nano titan dioxide

Nowadays, customers have an increased demand for casual clothes and clothes with additional functions such as anti-staining, anti-ultraviolet (UV), and flame-retardant without losing comfort when wearing them. Some rays from the sun, especially UV rays (i.e., UVA and UVB) are harmful to human health. At high intensity, UV rays can cause sunburn, increasing the possibility of getting cancer. UV radiation damages the skin and destroys skin cells. Fabrics that not only have the ability to block UV rays but also have anti-staining ability are being studied more and have high competitive advantages over fabric items when people pay more and more attention to beauty and health. Using nano TiO2 to complete UV protection is a suitable method due to its stability, non-toxicity, and wide application technology. Therefore, this research is performed to finish blocking UV, anti-staining treatment on 100% cotton fabric with nano TiO2 using the popular method in textile finishing of pad-dry-cure aim to attach bonding chemicals to the fabric under the influence of technological parameters as follows: concentration of nano TiO2, pick-up level, processing temperature, and processing time are different. From there, we can choose the most optimal treatment method for the bifunctional finishing cotton fabric to provide to the textile market.

Sustainable Dyeing and Finishing of Cotton Fabrics with Layer-by-Layer Technique

Large amounts of water, synthetic dyestuffs and chemicals are used in the wet processes of textile finishing, and at the end of these processes, liquors containing chemical substances create a waste load. For this reason, it is of great importance to develop new wet-finishing processes that use less water, dyestuffs and chemicals. For this purpose, the layer-by-layer deposition method (LbL) was used in this research as an environmentally friendly, sustainable method that can be used in wet-finishing processes to minimize chemical, water and energy consumption. The dyeing and functional finishing of cotton fabrics were carried out in one process by the LbL method. Cotton fabrics were pre-treated with a commercial cationic dye fixation agent and cationic charges were produced on the fabric surfaces. Reactive and direct dyestuff groups were used in the dyeing process of cotton fabrics and fluorocarbon was used in the functional finishing process. Eight and 12 dye/fluorocarbon layered structures were obtained by LbL deposition using a laboratory-type padder. Cotton fabrics were dyed and finished with the same dyes and fluorocarbon via the padding method and both samples were compared. The washing, rubbing and light color fastness properties, color strength and color difference of the dyed samples were tested. Tensile strength, air permeability, SEM graphs, contact angle, water and oil repellency analyses were performed for the treated fabrics.

Simultaneous dyeing and finishing of wool and natural silk fabrics using Azolla pinnata extract

Simultaneous dyeing and finishing of wool and natural silk fabrics using Azolla pinnata extract

Green synthesized chitosan and ZnO nanoparticles for sustainable use in multifunctionalization of cellulosic fabrics

A green sustainable strategy for biosynthesis of ZnONPs and chitosan nanoparticles (ZnONPs: 20–25 nm and CSNPs: 70–90 nm) has been developed, their potential applications in multifunctional finishing of cotton and viscose fabrics to impart anti-crease, anti-UV and antibacterial functions using citric acid/Na-hypophosphite CA (15 g/L)/SHP (15 g/L), as CH2O-free ester-crosslinking system and the pad-dry-cure method. The obtained results signify that the extent of improvement in the imparted functional properties is governed by type of cellulosic substrate, kind and concentration of nano-additive as well as type of bio-functional additive, namely, L-ascorbic acid or vanillin (20 g/L each). Moreover, the best results show that using CSNPs (2.5 g/L)/ZnONPs (15 g/L), as an eco-friendly two component mixture, brought about an enhancement in both chemical and functional properties of treated substrates which can be ranked as follows: nitrogen content (N%): viscose (1.818) > cotton (1.592); metal content (%): viscose (1.35) > cotton (1.24); WRA°: cotton (196) > viscose (165); anti-UV (UPF): cotton (47) > viscose (40); anti-S. aureus (R%): viscose (97) > cotton (94) and anti-E. coli (R%): viscose (92) > cotton (89), keeping other parameters constant. Major characteristics of the so-prepared nanoparticles as well as developed cellulosic fabrics were analyzed by FTIR, TEM, SEM and EDX techniques, as well as %N and %Zn content analysis. Durability to wash was evaluated and fabrics modification/functionalization, mechanism was also proposed.

Non-fluorine oil repellency: To what extent can it substitute perfluoroalkyl substances?

Oil-repellency of fabric is essentially based on perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS, or called perfluorochemicals (PFCs)). However, plans to phase out the use of these chemicals, even those short-chain ones (C4-C6), have been announced because they accumulate in the human body and are extremely persistent in the environment. It is urgent to develop non-fluorine surface chemistry for oil-repellent fabric finishing. Here, we report the non-fluorine oil repellency of brush-like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating (g-PDMS), and the comparison of its oil repellency with that of a common PFAS crosslink polysiloxane coating (C4-PFAS). A catalyst-free, solvent-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was used to prepare the g-PDMS coating. For smooth glass, g-PDMS coating exhibits ultralow contact angle hysteresis (∆θ) for various oils (1.3–7.3°), while the ∆θ of C4-PFAS coating is much higher (30.7–49.7°). For fabrics, g-PDMS and C4-PFAS achieved almost the same contact angles to castor oil (~134°). According to GB/T 19977-2014 standard, the oil repellency of coated fabrics was rated Grade 5 for both g-PDMS and C4-PFAS. Therefore, the non-fluorine oil repellency of g-PDMS is able to meet the basic requirement of oil-repellent fabric finishing, and it is expected that the oil repellency can be further improved by the rational design on surface topography.

Synthesis of Nano-Gold Particles for Multi-functional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics

Synthesis of Nano-Gold Particles for Multi-functional Finishing of Cotton Fabrics

From Raw to Finished Cotton—Characterization by Interface Phenomena

Abstract Interface phenomena that occur at the solid–liquid interface, such as wettability, adsorption, and particle aggregation, depend on the kind and magnitude of the solid surface free energy and electrokinetic properties found in water solutions. These phenomena are crucial for textile dyeing, finishing, and care. They characterize the material surface and change with different material pretreatment and finishing. In this paper, electrokinetic potential, isoelectric point, point of zero charge, a specific amount of surface charge and surface free energy of raw, enzymatically scoured, bleached, and finished cotton fabrics were investigated. Electrokinetic potential was measured by a streaming potential method and a specific quantity of surface charge by the back-titration method. For determination of the solid surface free energy components, the thin-layer wicking and contact-angle methods were used. On the basis of these results, components of solid surface free energy were calculated and discussed.

Composite membranes with multifunctionalities for processing textile wastewater: Simultaneous oil/water separation and dye adsorption/degradation

In this work, we report on a novel membrane design with both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis for simultaneous oil/water separation and dye adsorption/degradation to treat oily wastewater from textile dyeing and finishing. The membrane (designated as PAN-CF/MWCNT/FeOOH) comprised a cotton fabric (CF) dopped with carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and FeOOH and a microporous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) top layer. Under a flow-through dynamic filtration mode, the membrane allowed for separation of oil-in-water emulsions by the PAN layer via wettability sieving and coalescence demulsification, while hydrosoluble dyes were captured and degraded by the CF/MWCNT/FeOOH via adsorption and in situ electro-degradation. The kinetics of adsorptive capture and electro-induced degradation of hydrosoluble dyes on the PAN-CF/MWCNT/FeOOH membrane was determined, which confirmed that the flux decline during flow-through filtration caused by the accumulated foulant in the membrane was alleviated effectively. A flow-through filtration test with methylene blue (MB) dyed petroleum ether-in-water emulsion showed that a high removal rate of oil (99.9 %) and dyes (97.6 %) was achieved simultaneously in a single pass at a high water permeability (17.2 m3/m2.h.bar) under an operating pressure of 6.5 kPa and a DC current of 10 mA. In addition, the fouled membrane could be cleaned easily via photo-Fenton degradation under light irradiation. This novel approach to the design and fabrication of membranes with multifunctionalities is expected to offer numerous advantages for treating complex oily wastewater from textile processing.

Citric-acid anchored silver nano-finishing of commercially dyed denim fabric for potential non toxic antibacterial surgical gowns

Purpose Present study aimed to nanosilver-treat some commercially dyed denim fabric using an eco-friendly cross-linker of citric acid for possible application in the fabrication of sustainable antibacterial and nontoxic surgical gowns. Design/methodology/approach The conventional untreated surgical gowns are prone to bacterial attack making them unprotective and infection carriers. Thereby, nanosilver finishing of the surgical-grade dyed denim fabric was achieved via citrate cross-linking under the pad-dry-cure method. The hence treated denim fabrics were characterized for surface chemical, crystalline, textile, color and antibacterial attributes using both conventional and advanced analytical approaches. Findings The results expressed that the prepared denim specimens contained surface roughness at the nanoscale besides some alterations in their textile and color parameters. Both textile and comfort properties of the finished fabric remained in the acceptable range with effective antibacterial activity. Practical implications The silver nano-finished dyed denim expressed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and qualified as a potential substrate in the fabrication of surgical gowns. Such sustainable application of nanosilver finishing could be perused for industrial implications. Originality/value This study presents citric acid as a crosslinking agent to impregnate the commercially dyed denim fabric for potential application in the fabrication of surgical gowns. The application of nanosilver on prior citrated dyed-grown fabrics could be a novel approach. This study used approximately all the reagents and auxiliaries as bio-based to ensure the nontoxicity and sustainability of the resultant fabric.