Text Formation Research Articles

The Railway as a Cultural Phenomenon and Poetic Text

Purpose. The article examines two aspects of the railway: as a cultural phenomenon and as an example of thematic motif in poetic text.Results. The appearance of the railway was not only an important technical achievement, but also formed a previously unknown cultural code with distinctive features. Firstly, with a paradoxical sense of stability of the path and at the same time, promising disaster in case of deviation, incommensurable rides on horseback. Secondly, with the feeling of simultaneous presence into opposite spaces – at the unchanging point of the carriage and in the constantly changing panorama outside the window. Thirdly, a qualitatively new sense of rhythm, accelerated and hinting as the possibility of change. As a result, a new type of discursive reality arises, leading to an original type of text formation. So, in parallel with the cultural code, another arises – an artistic one, characterized by uniqueness and exclusivity. An example of an artistic code related to the theme of the railway is M. Tsvetaeva’s poem Rails (1923). Based on the tradition of traveling by rail as symbolic movement towards non-existence, Tsvetaeva actualizes the mortal motif in her own way, built on conflict of hard (iron) and soft (canvas), as well as on introducing a musical motif into the text (the linearity of musical lines) along with the original sound recording, creating the effect of a patronymic attraction.Conclusion. Thus, in the poem Rails we observed the struggle of two models – generative inscribed in the paradigm of culture, and inter-iterative, actively opposing the paradigm and, thanks to syntagma, determining the self-closure of the poetic text.

Slovnične vsebine pri jezikovnem pouku slovenščine pred prenovo učnih načrtov

This article discusses how the metalinguistic part of Slovenian language teaching should be organized so that it can contribute to the development of critical communicative competence, and so that it is mean­ingful and at the same time sufficiently time-effective to faciliatate as much active work as possible, and critical text formation and reception in (the remainder of) language instruction. The fundamental change introduced by the new Slovenian primary- and secondary-school grammars (2017) is a shift from a syntax-based division of parts of speech to one based on morphology and semantics. Using practical examples, this article describes the advantages of such a shift, while also presenting certain other innovative solutions included in the grammar or more recent textbooks. Within this context, it draws attention to the significantly simplified coverage of pronouns and adverbs, numerals as modifiers or heads, and the definition of modifiers and heads in general, as well as the treatment of conjunctions and declensions. It highlights areas in which, to date, grammatical coverage has been made needlessly complex (e.g., for defining the subject, for coordinate clauses and semantic relations, and for terminology). Every new solution is accompanied by examples of solutions (or problems) from current textbooks, as well as historical insights where needed.

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ ПО ФОРМИРОВАНИЮ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ БУДУЩИХ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ

The article presents the results of a formative experiment on the formation of the research competence of future teachers in the study of language disciplines. It is noted that in the first academic year, when studying language disciplines, students of the experimental group were involved in the process of text analysis, generalization, comparison, and text formation, which is important for entering the process of research activity. In the second academic year, students learned how to do independent work, write essays, and complete term papers using scientific research methods. During the third academic year, the formation of research competence was carried out according to the components of research activities. Work was carried out on the formation of each component in accordance with the content of the components. The actions of teachers and future teachers on the formation of components of research competence are characterized.

Text Formation of Internet replies

Text Formation of Internet replies

LEARNING GERMAN BASED ON TEXTS

The focus of the paper is text analysis at this point in text linguistics’ evolution. It clarifies the views of both foreign and domestic linguists on how to define the term “text” and examines the research methods used in this area of study. Modern linguistics needs new principles and methods of text formation that are based on corpus linguistics. The study of language and speech is also impossible without the anthropocentric and speech principle, which is formed in perspective: man and language. In this regard, his role in the text is of great importance. In the paper, special emphasis is placed on teaching German as a “foreign” language using the text as a higher-level communicative unit, an informative code that is addressed from the subject to the object. The text should contain cognitive material, have educational opportunities, be comprehensible, arouse interest and have feedback from the learners. Of course, the perception of the text depends on many aspects: the lexical and grammatical base of the students, their general knowledge, experience, etc. While working with the text, you should not only pay attention to phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, etc., but also to the subject matter of the texts, which should be interesting to students. We believe that it is very effective to use newspaper texts related to education, life of young people in Ukraine and abroad, hobbies, sports, medicine, political and economic issues, etc. Approaching the study and description of the language in action is essential for interacting with the text (be it artistic, journalistic, scientific, etc.). This is an excellent chance for students to discover and apply the knowledge they have learned.

Rhetorical Risk Zones in Mediatexts of Turbulent Times

The concept of rhetorical risk is introduced and actualized within the framework of the rhetorical decoding of the text concept aimed at studying the mechanisms of effective text formation. The phenomenon of textual effectiveness gains particular significance in turbulent periods of human existence. The research material consists of a corpus of mediatexts created during the COVID-19 pandemic and in April 2024 during the devastating flooding in the Southern Urals and Western Siberia. The aim of the article is to identify the zones of rhetorical risks in the text and to identify their indicators. In accordance with the methodological principles of linguorhetorical reconstruction, the zones of rhetorical risks in the text were identified as inventive, dispositival, and elocutive. Indicators of the inventive zone include the implicitness of the speaker’s practical goal-setting and the orthodoxy of the thesis put forward. Indicators of dispositival risk zones include one-dimensionality of argumentation, excessive use of statistical data as arguments, and frequency of related reasoning. The elocutive zone of rhetorical risks arises due to the speakers’ neglect of such a significant communicative criterion for turbulent times as dialogism. The research results can have broad professional applications — from educational activities to mass media and linguo-expert practices.

Текстообразующий потенциал дискурсивных маркеров в научной коммуникации

The paper analyzes regulatives, discursives, and accentuators as speech units (discourse markers) that are directly involved in text formation. The aim of the study is to substantiate the text-forming function of discourse markers as auxiliary to expanded variative repetitions that underly the text-forming mechanism in scientific speech. The paper discusses the status of discourse markers and their role in the process of presenting new scientific knowledge; the role of expanded variative repetitions as a mechanism for text expansion; the correlation between expanded variative repetitions and discourse markers as units involved in text expansion; and describes the functions of discourse markers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is the first to demonstrate the auxiliary role of discourse markers in relation to expanded variative repetitions in the process of expressing new scientific knowledge; to substantiate the text-forming role of discursives in the cognitive process. The results of the study show that discourse markers participate in the construction of an utterance as elements of its semantic organization, thus actualizing the necessary intonational and modal information from the author’s point of view, i.e., they contribute to a more accurate expression of the author’s scientific intention and, therefore, to a more accurate understanding of the content of the text and new scientific knowledge in general by the addressee.

Realization of the Diachronic Emergence of the Text Space (Using the Example of a Creolized Text)

The subject of this study is the specifics of the implementation of the diachronic emergence of the text space on the example of hypertext. From the point of view of psycholinguistics and linguosynergetics, scientific interest is the result of understanding the text space. In this regard, the relevance of the research topic lies in the ambiguity of the movement of the text space, manifested in the increment of meaning as a result of prompting an individual to speech activity in order to project emotionally significant information. Such a process in linguosynergetic science is commonly called emergence. This phenomenon is the result of the perception of a creolized text, and also structures fragments of semantic and associative semantic fields. The article presents the results of a directed psycholinguistic experiment that demonstrated the process of increment of meaning formed as a result of the perception of a complex text formation. The methodology of the organization and conduct of experimental work is described. The scientific novelty of the research is reflected in the use of a new approach to the study of the specifics of the development of meaning. The directed psycholinguistic experiment made it possible to determine the role of emergence in the formation of the dynamics of semantic text space. Along with this, the possibilities of the phenomenon under study are highlighted, which are revealed in the formation of new systems, which is a demonstration of the movement of the text space. As a result, two groups of emergence components have been identified: the first is represented by comments developing the main idea, distributed by topics; the second is contradictions, which are logically contradictory statements that do not correspond to the topic of the stimulus material. In the course of the implementation of the information flow of the text, new meanings, thematic ramifications arise, the potential possibility of anticipating which is significant for diachronic emergence.

ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ ЧИННИК У ДИСКУРСІ ЩОДЕННИКА: ТРИГЕР ТЕКСТОТВОРЕННЯ ТА ЙОГО СУПЕРЕЧНОСТЕЙ (ЩОДЕННИК ЄВГЕНА ЧИКАЛЕНКА 1925–1929 РОКІВ)

The paper deals with the pragmalinguistic analysis of the diary records of Yevhen Chikalenko, a famous figure of the Ukrainian culture. They reflect his activities during his emigration to Czechoslovakia in the 20s of 20th century. Ye. Chikalenko’s diary is characterized by a number of non-standartized features and should be considered a special case within the framework of diary discourse. The analysis is carried out using the methods developed in previous publications of the author, in particular, such tools as the role model of the text formation subject. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the mechanism by which contradictions arise in the process of text formation. So, the paper includes: 1) a description of the features of diary keeping and atypical strategies for creating a separate record; 2) discussion of the conceptualization’s role in diary keeping suggested by the writer himself; 3) analysis of verbal representation of pragmatic roles of the diary text formation subject in these records (based on the role model). The analysis showed that the process of text formation in this case is accompanied by the emergence of contradictions between the intimate nature of the diary as a text type developed by culture, and the public nature of the information, between auto-addressing and addressing to another. The source of these contradictions was the purpose of keeping records formulated by the writer himself (collecting data for “the history of our revival”). At the same time, the trigger for diary keeping was the economic factor: text creation in this case was considered by the diarist as profit-generating and an object for sale. In addition, the economic factor influenced the subject matter of the recordings, in which a significant place belongs to the statements on the poor financial situation of the diarist, which reflect the autocommunicative component of this diary activity.

Архитектура литературных смыслов Рецензия на книгу: Якимова Л. П. Поэтика русской литературы в семиологическом освещении / Рос. акад. наук, Сиб. отд-ние, Ин-т филологии. Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, 2022. 298 с.

The book under review examines the issues surrounding the semiological coverage of Russian literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The focus is on an innovative approach to studying the artistic system, which combines philological, historical, cultural, and religious syncretism in textual research. The research delves into the examination of figurative-motivic complexes and concepts found in the creative works of V. F. Odoevsky, I. A. Goncharov, A. P. Chekhov, and L. M. Leonov. These include motifs like the “cave,” “tower,” “pyramid,” “pit,” themes of poverty and wealth, the smell of sulfur, parables, and games. The examination of spiritual texts and stories involves identifying significant cultural-historical parallels and exploring philosophical concepts by V. S. Solovyov, K. N. Leontiev, N. A. Berdyaev, and others. The book describes and analyzes the images that have become constants of Russian literature. Hermeneutical research principles are innovatively applied with emphasis on the hidden layers of artistic language. The author explores the anaphoric design in I. A. Goncharov’s novels and the symbolic significance of numbers in L. M. Leonov’s works. Comments are provided on the semiotic connections, such as the parallel between the image of a child and the image of the Mother of God, and insightful analysis of intertextual details is performed. The book introduces the material that will be helpful for studying the problems of the history and theory of literature, especially in terms of text formation.

FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF COMPOSITIONAL CONJUNCTIONS USE IN A SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL TEXT

Background. The article is devoted to the use of means of compositional conjunctions in the field of scientific communication on the example of the a in a simple sentence. The authors refer to the semantic and functional features of the compositional conjunction a in the scientific medical text, where it is presented quite widely. The comparative meaning of the conjunction a, the specifics and rules of verbalization of this meaning are focused on the most accurate and specific characterization of the facts occurring in a living organism or in any part of it.
 The purpose of the study is to present a variety of options for the characteristics of the objects of comparison, a detailed examination of the functioning of various words-allied analogues used together with the conjunction a, i.e., a vmeste s tem (and at the same time), a sledovatel'no, a znachit (and therefore), which means and others, among which special attention is paid to sentences with a combination and also.
 Materials and methods. Textbooks served as the material for the study are as follows: N.V. Chebyshev Biology (2016), Human Physiology, ed. V.M. Smirnov (2019), G.V. Poriadin et al. Pathophysiology. General and Clinical Pathophysiology (2022). The article used methods of scientific description, observation and statistical analysis, which allowed us to obtain reliable information about the functioning of the composition conjunction a in a scientific text of a medical profile.
 Results. The article concludes that the compositional conjunction a is capable of creating diverse semantic relations in a scientific text of a medical profile and performing specific communicative tasks of text formation. The functioning of the conjunction a in a simple sentence is associated with the accentuation of one of the connected fragments, which, as a rule, finds expression in the more frequent connection of concertizers to the conjunction a. The informative and communicative status of adjunctive sentences with a-relations in scientific speech is aimed at a more accurate and adequate presentation of scientific information.
 Practical implications. The results may be used not only for following research of scientific (medical) text but are also important in the pedagogical practice of teaching foreign medical students.

Taiwan Plains Austronesian Latin scripts and documents from the 17th to the 19th century: A bibliographical survey

In this paper, we aim to describe the evolution, from birth to extinction, of the Latin scripts of the Taiwan Plains Austronesians, which record the Siraya, Taivoan, Makatau, Favorlang and Basay languages, based on a comprehensive bibliographical survey of the documents, surviving and lost, written in these scripts. We first discuss the background of, motivations for and process of creating the scripts. Using the Siraya script as an example, the paper demonstrates how different usage layers can affect the spelling and document format of a script. From a survey based on published Dutch and Spanish archival materials and other records from the 17th to the 19th century, we compile a total of 51 items of Plains Austronesian Latin documents. A comparison of these items reveals the text formation process of the documents. We suggest that the contribution of Daniël Gravius in the Siraya translation of the Gospels of Matthew and John and the Christian formulary may not have been significant, although he was often later credited as the author. The survey also provides clues when searching for ‘lost’ items, such as the Siraya ABC Book. In addition, we collate Plains Austronesian Latin script accounts in Chinese records. These provide strong evidence of the use of Latin script in Makatau villages during the Qing dynasty. The records also reveal that during the 18th century, there were Plains Austronesian people who knew the Latin script, called ‘teachers’. It may have originated from the schoolteachers of the Dutch colonial period. After the Dutch withdrew, these ‘teachers’ became responsible for the villages’ accounting and administrative documents. The education of Plains Austronesian children was then conducted by schools established in the Qing dynasty, with Han Chinese teachers recruited to teach the children Chinese classics.

Formation of a professional linguistic personality (based on texts in the specialty «Earth Sciences»)

In the conditions of intensive growth of scientific and scientific-technical information, rapid changeability and updating of the system of scientific knowledge there is a need to study issues related to professional communication. Users of scientific language master its culture gradually; acquire life experience, their own knowledge, general and professional erudition of the speaker. The aim of the article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of linguistic means and identify the features of the implementation of professional linguistic personality of a scientist, author of scientific articles on the speciality «Earth Sciences». Special attention is devoted to a brief review of theoretical provisions of domestic researchers engaged in the study of professional linguistic personality and idiostyle. Scientific novelty lies in the analysis of linguistic means characteristic of the individual style of a scientist on a new linguistic material (scientific texts on the specialty «Earth Sciences»). This approach allowed us to consider the influence of a person's professional status on the texts produced by him/her. The material for the analysis is the articles selected by the method of continuous sampling on the scientific specialty «Earth Sciences». In addition, the method used in this article was continuous sampling method, content analysis, comparative analysis. The obtained results showed that in order to build a model of professional linguistic personality of a scientist, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive psychological and linguistic analysis of the scientist's texts at the verbal-semantic, linguistic-cognitive and pragmatic levels, highlighting the correlation and influence of ethno-cultural, socio-group and individual aspects of personality content. Despite the fact that the author of scientific articles is limited by the norms of scientific style, there are certain linguistic means that allow reflecting the author's uniqueness under the existing norms of text formation.

Arabic Grammatical And Lexical Cohesion Tools In Ramadhan Al-Buti’s Friday Khutbah/ آليات الاتّساق النحويّ والمعجميّ في خطبة الجمعة لرمضان البوطي

The linguistic aspect is one of the essential components of the Khutbah, significantly impacting the text's formation as a coherent structure that contributes to persuasion and influence. However, it depends on fulfilling textual criteria, including syntactical and lexical cohesion. Thus, the research aims to examine the availability of linguistic cohesion tools in the Friday Khutbah text by Muhammad Said Ramadhan Al-Buti, with an indication of its function at the level of interdependence and correlation between the components of the Khutbah grammatically and lexically. The research utilizes the descriptive analytical method in reaching its primary objective by investing the textual linguistics or grammar in the light of the cohesion criteria that take the characteristic of consistency and continuity in the Khutbah. One of the study's most important findings is that the Khutbah was characterised by employing two main tools of grammatical cohesions, namely reference: indicative and conscientious, and linking with various forms: additional, affective, reversal, and causal. The tools of lexical cohesion in the Khutbah are represented in repetition (complete, partial, and parallel) and the link with the relationship of correspondence and antagonism, similarity, synonymy, and complementarity. These cohesion tools perform five functions: formation of the Khutbah and the connection between its parts, linguistic economy, confirmation of the meaning of a single idea, clarification and elaboration of the focus of the Khutbah, and expansion by integrating several ideas into one theme. Considering this, the preparation of the Friday Khutbah should consider these cohesion tools with other textuality criteria to ensure the success of the message delivered to its recipient.

Генерация смысла в синергийном художественном дискурсе (на примере рассказа В. Пелевина «Водонапорная башня»)

The aim of the research is to prove that the violation of the “order parameters” of text formation at various linguistic levels is the main meaning-generating factor in postmodern literary discourse. The scientific novelty of the research consists in rethinking the strategy of modern prose interpretation, in using transdisciplinary methods to analyse postmodern literary texts along with philological ones, which is due to the specificity of such texts. The meaning of postmodernists’ linguistic experimentation becomes clear if interpreted in a linguosynergetic paradigm. As exemplified by the analysis of V. Pelevin’s short story “The Water Tower”, the idea that literary postmodern discourse is a zone of deconstruction of a rigid language system, in particular, the lexical and grammatical organisation of the text, is developed in the context of linguosynergetics. The presence of synergetic markers in the text (nonlinearity, interdiscursivity and intertextuality) makes the text a bifurcation zone. As a result, it has been proved that a change in the “order parameters” of the text at all levels is the main marker of the synergetic nature of literary discourse, which contributes to the unfolding of its self-organisation and promotes synergetic meaning generation.

Рецензия на коллективную монографию «Дискурсивные основания речеведения: научный текст — новое знание — перевод»

A review of the collective monograph “Discursive foundations of speech production: scientific text – new knowledge – translation” under the general editorship of M.P. Kotyurova (Perm: PSNIU, 2023. 300 p.) is presented. Two scientific directions are investigated — stylistics of scientific text and speech studies. This gives an opportunity to study the significance of the influence of extra-linguistic factors on text formation. An experimental study is described strategies of translation of a scientific text, which aims to create a portrait of the translator as a “linguocultural and functional-speech phenomenon”.

Argumentation in the Pandemic Media Discourse: Decoding Rhetoric Practice

Purpose. The paper examines argumentation in the pandemic media discourse. Within the concept of decoding rhetoric, argumentation is considered a procedure for effective text formation acting as an instrument of influence.Method. The research method used is argument reconstruction based on the following parameters: a thesis, types of arguments, and argumentation structures. The material has been selected according to the criterion of an addressee of the media discourse, where the addressee is a politician, a doctor, or a publicist.Results. Media texts about the pandemic demonstrate that politicians propose orthodox theses, whereas doctor (D. Protsenko) proposes prescriptive ones and publicist (D. Bykov) – paradoxical ones.Politicians use the universal system and rational arguments based on statistics. The influencing message of D. Protsenko’s media text is formed due to personal empirical argumentation. D. Bykov relies on collective empirical argumentation.Concerning the argumentation structures, coordinate argumentation dominates in the media texts of politicians, making it possible to defend their opinion in the most revealing way. D. Protsenko combines coordinate argumentation with the subordinate one, creating opportunities for interpretation. The text of D. Bykov does not show any steady tendencies for argumentative structuring, reflecting a creative approach to text formation.Conclusion. The argument reconstruction reveals mechanisms of text formation and decodes the pragmatic motives of the speakers in the pandemic media discourse.

Языковое и жанровое своеобразие топливно-энергетического дискурса

Any area of professional activity can have its own language and code to serve its own specific functions. We study linguistic units that function in the discursive texts of the fuel and energy complex, subject to the norms and laws of the development of the literary language, language and genre features of special texts of the fuel and energy complex related to different types and forms of business communication are established.
 The text fuel and energy discourse is an integral unit of communication containing a message about the fuel and energy complex (events, events, processes, actions, etc. of this area of professional activity), created according to the plan of the communicants, having a structural (compositional), semantic and pragmatic unity, processed in in accordance with the stylistic norms and functions of the language. The lexical content of discursive texts of the fuel and energy complex (FEC) includes "sublanguages" of the fuel, energy and industrial sectors. 
 The communicative-pragmatic characteristic of the business communication of the fuel and energy complex demonstrates different aspects of the discursive text, in which three main levels of text formation are distinguished: structural/compositional, semantic, pragmatic. Linguistic (lexical, grammatical means, semantic potential of language units) and extralinguistic (speech situation, intentions and communicative attitudes of the speaker, strategies and tactics of communicants, speech characteristics of a discursive situation, etc.) are distinguished and described) means used in different styles and genres of discursive texts fuel and energy complex.

«О мерах для сближения с Монголией»: риторическое декодирование аналитической записки

The results of a study of the dispositive organization of the analytical note of the Russian statesman A.I. Despot-Zenovich (1828–1894) “On measures for rapprochement with Mongolia” (1862) devoted to the analysis of Russian-Mongolian relations are presented. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the concept of decoding rhetoric, aimed at reconstructing the mechanisms of text formation in the light of the category of effectiveness. Decoding rhetoric recognizes the principle of multicompositionality. The basic aspects of the compositional structure of the analytical note are considered which make it possible to identify the idiostyle originality of the text. The formal-pragmatic aspect describes the specifics of the macrostructure of the text which demonstrates the breadth of the problems of the text and sets the strategic text-forming directions – narrative and reflexive-evidential. The argumentative aspect reveals the mechanisms for creating a text by analyzing argumentation complexes representing reasoning. The implementation of the triad “thesis — arguments — conclusion” is traced both in the argumentation of the narrative type and the reflexive-evidential one. The verification of the effectiveness of the text under study is carried out by referring to the text-reaction — the report of the Russian consul in Urga K.N. Boborykin.

Theory of Text and Discourse in Linguistic Research

The article is devoted to the history of the study of the theory of text and discourse in linguistic works, the definition of the relationship between concepts, the comparison of the concepts of text and discourse. In the course of the study, the opinions of scientists forming and developing the theory of text and discourse are compared (F. de Saussure, O. Moskalskaya, I. Galperin, O. Akhmanova, A. Bondarko, T. van Dijk, G. Melnikov, A. Baitursynuly, K. Zhubanov, R. Syzdyk, N. Uali, Zh. Mankeeva, Zh. Zhakupov, A. Salkynbay) and general conclusions are given. The linguistic features of the text, the characteristic features of the discourse are determined by the linguistic data. In addition, the analysis of the differences and similarities of the discourse with the text is carried out. The research of the subject, semantic and structural integrity, grammatical patterns in text formation is carried out. Based on the conducted research, the author gives similarities and differences between the concepts of text and discourse. In addition, the scientific text of the scientist M. Balakayev was considered, and stylistic, cognitive, discursive and pragmatic analysis was carried out. Through the text of the scientist, the relationship and specificity between the text and discourse were revealed. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the text is the result of thought, the process property of discourse. This article is relevant for researchers of the theory of text and discourse.