Text Books Research Articles

한국어 교사, 한국어 학습자, 한국인 모어 화자의 단어 연상 의미 관계 비교 연구

Objectives This study investigates the semantic relations of associated words between Korean language teachers, Korean language learners and Korean native speakers through word association test. Methods This word association task was conducted with 3 subject groups. They were given 10 stimulus words which were derived from the novice level in Korean language text books, then they were asked to associate and write 3 associative words to 10 stimulus words. Results This study reveals three important results. First, Korean native speakers’ group showed the most associated words among the 3 groups. Second, Korean language teachers’ group showed the least number of associative words. Third, Korean language learnes’ group and Korean teachers’ group had the the most common associated words. Conclusions The result that Korean teachers’ group showed that least number of assciated words suggests that the diversity of associative words may have emerged due to occupational influences but it also means that the trained teachers focused on the language learners’ proficiency and associated the words which they use in teaching or from textbooks. Second, whereas the associative words of native Koreans are very authentic and various, other two groups’ associative words seemed more focused on the vocabulary in the textbook so they had more associated words in common. Therefore, in order to teach and use the authentic Korean words to foreign Korean language learners, we may utilize the word association test to find and develop more ways to use the authentic words which are frequently used in each field.

Critical review on physiological aspects of Samana Vata

Background: Samana Vata which is located near the seat of Agni and it have role in digestion as well as in the assimilation of ingested food. Anna Grahana, Pachana, Vivechana and Munchan are the functions of Samana Vata. The physiological functions of Samana Vata can be correlated with enteric nervous system which is known as the second brain, and parasympathetic and sympathetic supply of autonomic nervous system. ENS functions by maintaining the enteric homeostasis and also act as modulator in gut barrier functions. After the food reaches stomach, several digestive juice acts on it. Gastric juice, pancreatic juice, all contains important digestive enzymes and act on food. Secretion of this enzyme is mostly under the control of intrinsic and extrinsic enteric nervous system. Aims and Objective: To critically analyse the concept of Samana Vata and find out the correlation with modern physiology. Materials and Methods: Literature review was referred from different classical text books and relevant modern textbooks, articles, data bases like google scholar, pubmed. Conclusion: Samana Vata chiefly locates in the middle part of body. It is primarily responsible for stimulation of Agni and leads to digestion, absorption, separation of essence and waste material. Function of Samana Vata, described by Acharyas can be compared with the physiological function of enteric nervous system. It can be partially correlated with enteric nervous system, sympathetic and parasympathetic supply of autonomic nervous system.

The balance of Spanish and English child-directed text in bilingual picture books

The balance of Spanish and English child-directed text in bilingual picture books

A New Direction of Arabic Language Teaching: Integration Muthala’ah Text Book and Religious Moderation Concept

This research aims to develop religious moderation-based Muthola’ah teaching materials in textbooks and test the effectiveness of the products developed empirically in class IX of the Izzatuna Islamic Boarding School (SMP) in Palembang. This research uses a research and development design with the Borg and Gall model, which initially contained ten development steps. However, due to limitations, this research was limited to six steps that were sufficient to answer the objectives. This research was designed based on the results of an analysis of the needs of teachers (77.03%) and students (78.50%) regarding religious moderation material to implement learning while still paying attention to the socio-cultural context of society. The results of this research are a Muthola’ah textbook based on religious moderation. Its effectiveness has been tested, so this product is suitable for Muthola’ah learning and has positive implications for increasing students' understanding of religious moderation.

Ouch: Pain, Heard and Referred

The communication of pain has been figured, in both the canonical work of Elaine Scarry and in biomedical discourse, as bringing pain up from bodily depths to a surface where it is visibly manifest to others. This study of acute physical pain in three popular American narrative texts and their film adaptations suggests that the oculocentrism of such accounts has elided the significant role of sound, both verbal and nonverbal, in the expression and witnessing of physical pain. Instances of what was classified in the nineteenth century as sensation literature, these three texts produce direct sensory effects. Scott Smith’s The Ruins (2006) is a horror novel, William Goldman’s Marathon Man (1974) a thriller, and Aron Ralston’s Between a Rock and a Hard Place (2004) (film: 127 Hours) an adventure-survival memoir. Reading pain in each of three triple texts—book, film, and the screenplay transmitting pain from one to the other—opens up a new archive of pain texts that promise sensation rather than relief, offering a new perspective on the imaginative—and paradoxically ameliorative—creativity brought into being by the notorious recalcitrance of pain. This essay argues for attention to the protolinguistic pain language of groans and screams; for a poetics of “ouch.”

When the Archives Speak for Themselves

The first published text book on the history of the Bulgarian archives is presented. In the two volumes of the "Archive of the Bulgarian Archives" there are 523 authentic documentary evidence of the long way from the birth of archival thought and practice from the Middle Ages to the normative documents in the mid-50s of the 20th century that led to the establishment of the Bulgarian state archives.

Making a Better Logistic Regression Model Using Ensemble Learning

Abstract: Machine learning is a hot research topic in today's society and an important direction in the field of image classification research. Image classification is a supervised learning method used to classify images. There are many image classification algorithms that perform differently in different conditions. Paper focuses on improving the performance of image classification algorithms by using ensemble learning. Paper analyses the performance of logistic regression model and support vector machine model and then uses ensemble learning to increase the performance of logistic regression model. In the research work, both theoretical and empirical approaches were followed. For the theoretical approach a review of both secondary data as well as data based on results obtained by application on the tools is studied. Secondary data was acquired from the research articles, text books, journals, technical reports, published thesis, websites, e-journals, software tool manuals, conference proceedings and any other research articles published in the related domain. The empirical study was carried out on the set of experiments, using software tools. The results obtained from the experiments were analyzed for the finding of the research. The paper compares the results of three algorithms when tested on same dataset, in same environment and on same system. The final results of the research prove that ensemble techniques give best results and this type of learning is effective.

Education and Character Reformation in Nigeria Contemporary Society: Challenges and Prospects

Education is a transformative tool that is critical to the progress and development of a nation. The goal of true education is more than the cognitive development and creative thought processes. It is also about character molding of a person, making a holistic individual. It is true that the foundation of a quality education is character. An individual's education cannot be complete without character, and the knowledge they have acquired will not benefit Nigerian society or themselves unless their character is transformed. This study identifies character deficit as a major challenge in Nigeria contemporary society. The research examines the issues and prospects, and how education can be applied through character reformation to address the problems. To achieve the purpose of this study, qualitative method research is utilized. It relies on secondary data collected from text books, journal articles, and was analyzed in relation to the scope of the study (Nigeria). The theoretical framework is drawn from the social learning theory of Albert Bandura’s and moral development theory of Jean Piaget which set out the progressive model on how the Nigerian society can be morally re-engineered to produce citizens that will contribute to the progress and growth of Nigeria. It concludes and recommends that an integrative and consensus approach be adopted to achieve this objective.

Challenges of implementing social studies curriculum: A case of selected secondary schools in Kafue district of Lusaka Province, Zambia

Overview: The purpose of this study was to examine the challenges that schools are facing in the implementation of the Social Studies curriculum and its effect on learner’s academic performance in secondary schools of Kafue district in Lusaka province, Zambia. Body of Knowledge: The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to investigate whether the absence of teachers trained to teach social studies has an effect on implementation of curriculum of social studies in schools; to examine the extent to which absence of teaching and learning materials like text books for social studies affect the academic performance of learners; and to establish measures put in place to mitigate the challenges of curriculum implementation for social studies in schools. Methods: The population of the study comprised head teachers, heads of departments, teachers, DESO officers, and learners. The total target population was 1500. The sample size involved a total of 150 respondents, which was 10% of the target population. A mixed method approach was used in this study in combination with the descriptive survey design. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. Qualitative and Quantitative techniques of data analysis was used, and data was presented on the analytical tools such as tables, figures, charts and software; SPSS. Results: The study established that the major challenges that affected curriculum implementation and influenced learners’ academic performance were: absence of trained teachers of the subject, and inadequate teaching/ learning materials, physical facilities and the way the curriculum was being implemented itself. This undermined effectiveness of school administrators and teachers in ensuring there is smooth teaching and learning process in schools which eventually translated to poor academic performance among learners. Recommendation: Ministry of Education should ensure that schools have adequate resources such as textbooks, teaching aids, and technology to support the implementation of the social studies curriculum.

Pharmacognostical Study of Root Bark of <I>Erythrina indica</I> Lam. Paribhadra

Paribhadra, one of the reputed drugs of the indigenous system of medicine, is equated with Erythrina indica Lamk. Syn. E. variegata Linn. var. orientalis Linn., Family Fabaceae. Some other species of Erythrina viz. E. suberosa Roxb. and E. stricta Roxb., have also been mentioned as 'Paribhadra in different text books on Indian Medicine and are used as substitutes for the genuine drug, Erythrina indica.The pharmacognostical study is made of the root and root bark of E. indica Lamk., as based on material collected from authentic specimens and covers macro- and microscopical characters highlighting the diagnostic features, micro-chemical tests, examination of the powdered drug and preliminary phytochemical investigation.

A Review on the Concept of Pottali

Introduction: Pottali word were found in classics in different contexts mainly meaning the word for bundling the various herbal drugs in a piece of cloth and to apply for sedation in various diseases. Pottali is a highly potent, concise form of medicament, which depicts maximum potency in low dosage form. The peculiarity of Pottali lies in its typical shape, form and preparatory methods. Thus, reviewing the concept of Pottali is the main objective of this article. Material and Methods: Available literature related to Pottali were searched from available printed form of various text books, journals, web-based search engines source were referred for updated research data. Results: The present article gives a review on concept of different preparatory procedures, types mentioned in various classical textbooks, dosage, and mode of administration and significance of Pottali Kalpana. Pottali Kalpana was invented with a vision for convenience in transportation, administration, dose fixation, preservation and enhancement of properties. Conclusion: More researches and documentation are required to be done for analytical and clinical evaluation of Pottali Kalpana.

Correlation of Pathology and Homoeopathic Theory of Miasm

Hahnemann the father of homoeopathy lived in an age when the science of pathology was still in its primitive stage. It was since about two decades after the death of Hahnemann that the science of pathology started to progress by various scientists. Today we find pathology with facts and daily enriching itself with new ones. Many persisting old terms have mostly changed. The keen and logical observer Hahnemann observed and deduced many facts and conditions for expressing which the modern terms were not available with him so he had no way other than to use some descriptive phrases or to use the various terms in current parlance of his time for denoting his observed or deduced facts and conditions. In this article an attempt has been done to co-relate the homoeopathic concept of disease with modern concept of medicine. Thus is Greek theory of disease, pathos is a manifestation of three factors. 1] First of all disease involves a pathogen, the negative dynamic influence which disrupts the state of health. A pathogen may be a disturbing physical, environmental or psychological influence that affects any of the three levels of being. It includes the exciting causes of acute diseases as well as the fundamental cause of chronic diseases. 2] We have the disease process which is a combination of specific nature the pathogen and the general reaction of the vital force against it. This includes the progression of a disease through its natural stages and cycles. This is normally called pathology, which includes signs and symptoms. 3] Thirdly a disease includes Ponos, the Greek word for toil. This is the strain that the pathological process places on the constitution and its energy reserves as it fights to restore the state of health. The general were and tear on the organism due to continuous adaptive and defensive reactions of the vital force against pathogenic influence also produces concomitant symptoms in the organism. If a disruption of normal homeostasis remains unresolved it leads to disorders of the mind and all systems of the organism. Co-relation of Pathology and Homoeopathy: Hahnemann tells us in the Organon that the complete expression of every symptom is that of sensation, location, and modality. Location of symptom is an element in pathology and many times it is the sole element. Pathology is one of the symptoms of the disease, as well as any other of its manifestations and if we do not consider it we are not prescribing in accord with the totality of symptoms. We also do not individualize the case if we do not properly consider pathology. Remedies prescribed for the disease when there is present only one of the important elements of the prescription, namely a symptomatic similarity or a pathological similarity, cannot cure and all that can be expected of them is to relieve temporarily or to palliate. When we come across any disease condition as a Homoeopathic physician, two basic pathological conditions will be observed and they are Reversible pathology and Irreversible pathology. These pathological changes are further classified in to Inflammation, Proliferation and Degeneration. The detail understanding of nature and characteristics of each of them can be correlated with miasmatic diseases. Inflammatory changes and Theory of Miasm: All symptom syndrome where septicaemia or toxaemia are present having Psora in the background. Proloferative changes aand Theory of Miasm: All such subacute infalmmatory changes have psoric origin and end pathological changes are classified under sycosis miasmatic disease. Degenerative changes and Theory of Miasm: All such cellular changes indicate destruction in the background along wih the loss of normal structure and loss of normal functions which indicated syphilis miasmatic disease. Conclusion: on the basis of above discussion we conclude that 1. Pathology indicates pathogen, disease process and response of individual towards this process. 2. Psora, Sycosis and Syphilis are chronic miasmatic diseases. 3. Only nosological terminology is not sufficient to corelate the the hahnemannian concept of Miasm with pathology. The origin, development, stage of disease and clinical manifestations are to be considered while corelating the concept of miasm with pathology. Refrences: 1. Dey, Text book of Pathology, New Delhi. 2. Ortega, Notes on Miasm, B jain Publication, New Delhi. 3. Symposium Volumes, ICR Publications. 4. www. similia. Com.

“Party principles” in the views of Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev

The subject of the article is the views of one of the founders of the Soviet state and the Bolshevik party, G. E. Zinoviev (1883-1936), on the essence and functions of the communist party. This topic is analyzed through the prism of the political biography of the hero, which determined the emphasis placed on the following three points: 1) understanding of the Communist Party, 2) the place of the Party in the Soviet political system, 3) the boundaries of intra-party pluralism. The sources for the analysis are the texts of books, speeches, articles, drafts, brochures and statements of G. E. Zinoviev. In addition to the specified range of sources, the presented work is based on the existing historiography about G. E. Zinoviev (the works of Yu. N. Zhukov, S. S. Voitikov, V. N. Samokhodkin, E. D. Fliginskaya and other researchers). In his work, the author used a materialistic concept (in particular, historical determinism), as well as historical-genetic and historical-typological methods. It is established that Grigory Evseevich Zinoviev had his own formal views on the essence and functions of the Communist Party, which followed the general course of Bolshevism, but also had their own characteristics. Zinoviev's definition of the Communist Party boiled down to recognizing it as the only vanguard and political organization of the proletariat, and the possibility of the existence of only one Communist Party was emphasized, and within this Communist Party the impossibility of forming internal factions was postulated. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it systematizes the views of such a major Bolshevik and Soviet figure as G. E. Zinoviev on the role and functions of the Communist Party, as well as their inclusion in the history of Marxist and Bolshevik political thought.

The distribution of patriarchal alms to non-beggarly categories of the population in the second half of the 17th century

The subject of the study is the records of the expense books of the Patriarchal State Order, which provide information about the financial assistance provided by the Moscow patriarchs to non-beggarly categories of the population: servants of the Patriarchal orders, participants in memorial services for secular and spiritual persons, prisoners of war who had previously been released from captivity, prisoners of prisons of all orders. The purpose of the study is to determine what the significance of patriarchal alms was for representatives of these categories. The author examines in detail the mechanism of giving alms in relation to each of them. Special attention is paid to the source aspect: petitions of potential recipients of alms were an important element of the clerical system of the Patriarchal State Order. They were part of the primary documentation that has not reached our days and can be partially reconstructed based on the texts of the expense books. The research is based on the methodological tools of auxiliary historical disciplines: first of all, Russian paleography, which opens up opportunities for analyzing the handwriting of officials who issued patriarchal alms and its recipients, as well as historical metrology and historical chronology. The analysis carried out allows us to form a detailed picture of the recipients of patriarchal alms who are not beggars. It should be noted that insufficient attention is paid to non-poor categories of the population in the modern historiography of Russian church charity. The results of the study indicate that such recipients could be those who are not necessarily poor in general, but currently in need of financial assistance, for example, servants of the Patriarchal Court who have fallen into difficult life situations. The same remark applies to former prisoners and "prison inmates and prisoners". Payments for participants of memorial services for secular and ecclesiastical persons – primarily for monarchs and patriarchs – were substantially closer to salaries and were carried out for performing certain functions at these ceremonies, however, in the text of the source they were also referred to as alms. It is concluded that the patriarchal alms was intended not only for the urban poor, but for those in need in the broadest sense of the word, which indicates its great importance for the Moscow society of the second half of the XVII century, makes it not a formality and exclusively part of the ceremonial, but a really important action from a socio-economic point of view of the Moscow patriarchs.

Review on Chandrakala Rasa - A Kharaliya Rasayana

Rasashastra is a branch of Ayurveda, which deals with formulations prepared with varied origin of drugs like metals, minerals, marine drugs, silicate drugs, etc. The formulations are grouped into four categories namely Kharaliya Yogas, Parpati Yogas, Kupipakwa Yogas and Pottali Yogas. Chandrakala Rasa comes under Kharaliya Rasa category of Rasaushadhis. Chandrakala Rasa is one of the Ayurvedic formulations mentioned under Mutrakricchra (Dysuria), Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Daha (Burning sensations), Jwara (Fever), as per different classical textbooks. It is a herbo- mineral formulation indicated in Pitta Vikara (disease caused by vitiation of Pitta dosha) such as Raktapitta (Bleeding disorders), Raktapradara (Menorrhagia), Jwara (Fever), Prameha (Diabetes), Mutrakriccha (Dysuria), etc. Various references of it are mentioned in different classical text books.

Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati - A Poly Herbal Formulation

Kaidaryadi Kashayam is an herbal preparation which is commonly used in Udaragata Vikaras like Pravahika, Agnimandhya and Grahani etc. Even though this Yoga is used most frequently used and having only four easily available ingredients very less companies are preparing the Kashaya. The excellent results are seen in the Grahani, Pravahika etc diseases conditions. The palatability is a challenge for taking the Kashya and also transportation is a challenge. In the present study here attempt has been made to prepare Ghanavati of Kaidaryadi Kashaya of Chikitsa Manjari text book by Rasakriya method. The prepared Vati was subjected for physciochemical and phytochemical analysis, HPTLC, microbial load as per the WHO guidelines. Efforts were made to set the analytical standards for the Kaidaryadi Ghanavati which were not reported till date. Loss on drying - 10.084%, Ash value -13.366%, Acid insoluble ash - 1.287%, Water soluble extractive - 79.793%, Alcohol soluble extractive -4.064%, Hardness - 10kg/cm, Friability - 0.004%, Disintegration - 20min, pH - 5.23, in HPTLC of Kaidaryadi Ghanavati maximum four spots at short UV and maximum seven spots long UV. Microorganisms in the formulation were found to be 24CFU/ml.

Understanding the textbook: Reflections in the field of mathematics education

This theoretical essay presents reflections about the textbook (TB) as a material widely used in the teaching and learning of Mathematics, aiming to present a perspective on what constitutes a TB and the different roles it assumes in school practice. In this sense, we start from its understanding as a didactic, curricular, and school material to characterize it as a resource that is not neutral and central in disseminating formal knowledge that is the school’s responsibility. Therefore, it is a component of its culture. We emphasize that the use of this material in the classroom mobilizes its different roles, namely: curricular, ideological-cultural reference, source of theoretical and methodological knowledge and scientific dissemination, as well as the role of the teacher in this particular resource, highlighting his critical performance when using TB in classroom practice, either with a reproduction character, adaptation, or improvisation. We conjecture that properly articulating TB-related attributes will favour the teacher’s practice and assist in students’ learning, directing educational institutions to a work that achieves their main objectives.

The Colonialism and Stereotypes Based on Race and Religion: Representation of Papua in Indonesian Elementary Textbook School

Implementing anti-racist pedagogy in Islamic schools, particularly for Muslim teachers, involves unique challenges. Their behaviour is closely scrutinized, making it crucial to emphasize positive Islamic behaviour, including antiracism efforts, to contribute to a more just society. This research explained the root of racism and equality in Islam. In addition, this research add explanation on how Islamic education has significant role as well as antiracism paedagogy through school text book. School textbooks are effective media for conveying educational messages or values to children. Besides being made as an educational medium, books are also deliberately designed to represent the ideal interests according to their creator, especially books published by the state. The content can undoubtedly describe what is suitable for each country. Through school textbooks, we can look at the state's perspective on ethnicity critically. Based on this, this study will describe the representation of an ethnic group, especially the Papuan ethnic group. This research is not only limited to the study of texts but will try to do interdiscussion with the existing social context. By using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) this research will provide a complete picture of how the text is formed and what discourses are present in the formation of the text. The text in this study consisted of 2 related types, namely picture text and narrative text. In addition, this research is necessary because the findings will provide an overview of the content of school textbooks related to how regional representation is described. This is important to note as one of the instruments to build contemporary Indonesian identity especially in the national and Islamic education sector.

Neoliberal, trouble-free worlds for an aspirational middle-class in Chinese EFL publications: A multimodal critical discourse analysis

For most English language learning engagements in expanding circle countries, textbooks play a key role in defining a syllabus and corralling students toward some measure of completion in a course of study. While scholars have shown how English is broadly seen as a prestigious skill, connected with upward socio-economic mobility, less work has been done on the discourses and ideologies carried by the textbooks, even though this is a billion-dollar-a-year industry with titles selling in the millions. Research clearly raises the need for further investigations of the discourses and world views that they carry as they appear in different territories. In this paper, using Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis, we analyze a corpus of texts books produced domestically within China. In China, English language learning has become a fundamental part of the aspirations of the emerging middle classes, who also tend to consume Western-style products and increasingly take on more individualistic Western-style values. Analysis shows that these textbooks carry language learning activities which combine a gloss of signifiers of more local, cultural ideas embedded in a privileged world inhabited by an aspirational, international middle-class.

How do NCERT and SCERT, Odisha focused on outcome based education: A comparative content analysis of political science text book class -VI

How do NCERT and SCERT, Odisha focused on outcome based education: A comparative content analysis of political science text book class -VI