Tetrasodium Salt Research Articles

An environmentally friendly depressant for magnesite and calcite flotation separation: Selective depression and adsorption mechanism

The similar crystal structures and chemical properties of magnesite and calcite make their effective separation through flotation challenging. This study explores the use of Glutamic acid diacetic acid tetrasodium salt (GLDA), a novel environmentally friendly chelating reagent, to enhance the flotation separation of magnesite and calcite. Flotation test results indicate that in a sodium oleate (NaOL) system, GLDA selectively inhibits the flotation of calcite. Under optimal conditions (slurry pH=9.20, GLDA 15 mg/L, and NaOL 140 mg/L), a flotation concentrate with an MgO grade of 46.21 %, CaO grade of 1.39 %, and an MgO recovery rate of 73.17 % was achieved. GLDA minimally affects the hydrophobicity of magnesite but significantly reduces the hydrophobicity of calcite. The selective inhibition mechanism of GLDA was investigated using zeta potential measurements, FTIR, and XPS analyses. Results show that GLDA selectively reacts with Ca sites on the calcite surface, adsorbing and covering it, thereby preventing NaOL from adsorbing on the calcite. Conversely, GLDA has a minor impact on the Mg sites on the magnesite surface, resulting in a negligible effect on NaOL adsorption by magnesite. Consequently, GLDA enhances the flotation separation efficiency of magnesite and calcite. The research results have potential for application in the purification of low-grade magnesite ore.

1, 3, 6, 8-pyrene sulfonic acid tetrasodium fluorescent pigment synthesis and security ink production

Colorants used in security inks are special pigments that radiate in the UV region or IR region. Obtained pigments can be from valuable rare earth elements or they can be organic based. Organic-based pigments are generally insoluble in water, which limits their use. For this purpose, an organic-based UV-radiating pigment was synthesized and made water-soluble by forming its salt. With the obtained salt-formed pigment, inkjet ink that can be used in counterfeiting was applied and its printability and resistance properties were determined. In this study, 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrene sulfonic acid tetrasodium salt was synthesized and water-based inkjet inks with hydroxy ethyl cellulose binder were produced. The prepared inks were printed on the paper surface. The color and gloss of the prints obtained were measured both in the visible region and in the UV region. Its optical properties were detected by UV spectroscopy. Strength properties such as light fastness, nitro resistance, alkali resistance, acid resistance, rub resistance, drying time, adhesion and dry film weight of the prints were determined. As a result; Inkjet ink with 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrene sulfonic acid tetrasodium salt was produced and it was concluded that it has good resistance properties.

Adsorption of spray droplets reduced adsorption of dicamba spray droplets on leaves as droplet size increases

Abstract Off-target movement of growth regulator herbicides can cause severe injury to susceptible plants. Apart from not spraying on windy days or at excessive boom heights, making herbicide applications using nozzles that produce large droplets is the preferred method for reducing herbicide drift. Although large droplets maintain a higher velocity and are more likely to reach the leaf surface in windy conditions, their ability to remain on the leaf surface is poorly understood. Upon impact with the leaf surface, droplets may shatter, bounce, roll-off, or be retained on a leaf surface. We examined how different nozzles, pressures, and adjuvants impact spray droplet adsorption on the leaf surface of common lambsquarters and soybean. Plants were grown in a greenhouse and sprayed in a spray chamber. Three nozzles (XR, AIXR, and TTI) were evaluated at 138, 259, and 379 kPa. Dicamba (0.14 kg ae ha⁻¹) was applied alone and with methylated seed oil (MSO), a non-ionic surfactant, silicone-based adjuvant, crop oil concentrate, or a drift reduction adjuvant. A 1, 3, 6, 8-pyrene tetra sulfonic acid tetra sodium salt was added as a tracer. Dicamba spray droplet adsorption when using the XR nozzle, which produced the smallest spray droplets, was 1.75 times greater than when applied with the TTI nozzle with the largest spray droplets. Applying dicamba with MSO increased adsorption on leaf surfaces nearly four times the amount achieved without an adjuvant. The lowest application pressure (138 kPa) increased dicamba spray volume adsorbed more than 10% compared to the higher pressures 259 and 379 kPa. By understanding the impacts of these application parameters on dicamba spray droplet adsorption, applicators can select application parameters, equipment, and adjuvants that will maximize the amount of dicamba spray volume retained on the target leaf surface while minimizing dicamba spray drift.

Insights into the G-quadruplex DNA interaction landscape: Comparative analysis of anionic Zn(II) and Co(II) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonate complexes.

G-quadruplexes play a pivotal role in regulating various cellular processes, including gene expression and replication, making them essential structures in understanding, and manipulating cellular functions. The development of G-quadruplex ligands holds significant promise in therapeutic and research applications, offering targeted tools to modulate G-quadruplex structures and potentially influence critical biological pathways. An exciting frontier in G-quadruplex research lies in the exploration of anionic ligands, and their profound impact on stabilizing and modulating G-quadruplex DNA. In this study, the interaction of two anionic phthalocyanine compounds (Zinc (II) phthalocyanine 3,4',4″,4‴-tetrasulfonic acid, tetrasodium salt, ZnAPC; cobalt (II) phthalocyanine 3,4',4″,4‴-tetrasulfonic acid, tetrasodium salt, CoAPC) and three separate G-quadruplex-forming DNA sequences was investigated. Interactions were carried out by DNA polymerase stop studies along with spectroscopic studies. According to the results of experimental data, it was determined that ZnAPC actively interacts with the G-quadruplex DNA structures. On the other hand, it was thought that the interaction with CoAPC was less and even occurred in simple electrostatic interactions. KD constants and Bmax constants for the interaction with ZnAPC were calculated. The KD constants for ZnAPC were found to be (1.16 ± 0.07) × 10-5, (9.75 ± .24) × 10-6 and (1.00 ± 0.36) × 10-4 M for AS1411, Vegf, and Tel21, respectively. Accordingly, it was concluded that ZnAPC interacts with G-quadruplex DNA ligands effectively.

Analysis of the optical and electronic characteristics of Al/NiPc complex/p-Si diode

The primary goal of this work is to explore how the introduction of the Nickel (II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiTsPc) organic interlayer influences the performance of conventional metal/semiconductor diodes. Firstly, the optical features of the NiTsPc organic film formed onto glass substrate were investigated. For this, the UV–vis spectroscopic data were used to determine various optical parameters like absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (k), and refractive index (n). Then, Al/NiTsPc/p-Si diode was produced by forming ohmic and rectifier contact. The current–voltage (I-V) measurements were analyzed taking into account thermionic emission (TE) approach at room temperature. Device parameters such as ideality factor (η), barrier height (Φb), and resistance were investigated with the help of I-V technique. The Al/p-Si structure containing NiTsPc film showed good rectifying properties. In this analysis, Φb and η values were determined as 0.83 eV and 1.41, respectively, at room temperature. The device represents photovoltaic features with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.37 V and a short-circuit current (Isc) of 8.17 μA under illumination of 100 mWcm−2. The results represent that the produced junction can be utilized in different photoelectric applications.

Ligand conformation directed self-assembly of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes and luminescent sensing properties for Zn2+

Heteroleptic Cu(N^N)(P^P) complexes have garnered significant attention owing to their various structures and remarkable photophysical properties. Four novel heteroleptic copper(I) complexes (C1•2BF4ˉ, C2•3BF4ˉ, C3•3PF6ˉ and C4•3PF6ˉ) of the type {(Cu(P^P))3(μ-HATN)} synthesized by ligand conformation-directed self-assembly methodology were reported herein. These copper(I) complexes with different coordination configuration could be obtained through a straightforward change in the rigidity and volume in different P^P ligand scaffolds. Furthermore, these copper(I) complexes exhibited exceptional visible light absorption, which were contributed to metal-to-ligand charge transfer and intra-ligand charge transfer. Moreover, these emissive heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes all displayed remarkable sensitivity and selectivity towards zinc ions in “turn-on” mode (intensity enhanced ca.60 times). The detection limitation of complex C1•2BF4ˉ reached to 5.10 × 10−9 M, which was lower than those reported fluorescent sensors. The possible sensing mechanism was investigated using ESI-Ms, NMR and DFT calculation. The reversible “on-off” fluorescent sensing behavior can be restored by treating the solution alternately with EDTA tetrasodium salt and Zn2+ salt.

GLDA and ion exchangers: Unlocking sustainable solutions for recovery of rare earth elements

GLDA (tetrasodium salt of N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamic acid) was proposed as a complexing agent for rare earth elements. The formed complexes Ln(III)-GLDA were subjected to adsorption using twelve commercial ion exchangers of different types. Ion exchangers were characterized by describing their physicochemical properties using sieve analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The stability constants of the Ln(III)-GLDA complexes in the binary systems at different Ln(III):GLDA molar ratios were determined by the potentiometric method. The effects of different process parameters (Ln(III):GLDA molar ratio, initial solution pH, phase contact time, initial solution concentrations, and temperature) on the adsorption of La(III), Nd(III), and Ho(III) ions in the presence of GLDA were investigated by the static method in the single-component systems.Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The highest adsorption capacities were obtained for the Purolite S957 ion exchanger (139.57 mg/g for the La(III)-GLDA complexes, 152.72 mg/g for the Nd(III)-GLDA complexes, and 151.29 mg/g for the Ho(III)-GLDA complexes), Lewatit Monoplus SP112 ion exchanger (155.49 mg/g for the La(III)-GLDA complexes, 150.23 mg/g for the Nd(III)-GLDA complexes, and 132.77 mg/g for the Ho(III)-GLDA complexes). The desorption process was performed to regenerate the ion exchangers by applying hydrochloric and nitric(V) acids at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 M. In addition, for La(III)-GLDA complexes, experiments were performed in the column systems.

Bifunctional Additive for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries Based on the Metal-Phthalocyanine Complex.

With extremely high specific capacity and high energy density, lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted enormous interest as promising candidates for energy storage devices. However, several problems, such as the shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics, hinder the successful realization of LSBs on an industrial scale. Therefore, designing an efficient electrode material to inhibit the shuttle effect and improve the reaction kinetics of polysulfides (LiPS) is of utmost significance. Herein, a bifunctional additive with excellent polysulfide adsorption and superior catalytic behavior is developed using the phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid nickel complex tetrasodium salt (Ni-PCTs) additive. Ni-PCTs provide effective trapping of LiPS due to their abundant sulfonic acid groups. Moreover, Ni-PCTs exhibit effective catalytic conversion of LiPS due to the presence of N atoms in the phthalocyanine ring as well as the central Ni atoms. Consequently, the as-assembled LSBs, with a 10 wt % Ni-PCTs additive, exhibit a significant increase in specific capacities, such as the high initial specific capacity of 1283 mA h g-1 at 0.15 mA/cm2 and a stable specific capacity of 623 mA h g-1 after 400 cycles. The current study demonstrates the promise of metal phthalocyanines for sulfur cathodes, opening up avenues for further research and development of LSBs.

Proton NMR study on the complexation of cyclodextrins (α, β and γ) with phenyl-bis-(4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-disulfonato-3-naphthyl)methane, tetrasodium salt which self-assembled into a dimer through hydrogen bonding in water

Proton NMR study on the complexation of cyclodextrins (α, β and γ) with phenyl-bis-(4,5-dihydroxy-2,7-disulfonato-3-naphthyl)methane, tetrasodium salt which self-assembled into a dimer through hydrogen bonding in water

Potential of electrolyte-gated transistors for anionic molecule detection: proof of concept using dye solution

The use of electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) as sensors can be an advantageous alternative for the detection of anionic molecules due to their capability to detect various ions in solution. In this study, we explore the potential of EGTs as analytical tools for detecting anionic molecules, utilizing a copper phthalocyanine-3,4′,4″,4‴-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuTsPc) solution as a proof of concept. The results demonstrate the EGT’s capacity in detecting CuTsPc in an aqueous solution, which molecule dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and CuPc(SO3 −)4 ions, leading to high ionic conductivity and the formation of electrical double layers (EDLs). Varying the concentration of the molecule induced alterations in the EDLs, exhibiting good linearity and sensitivity in the transconductance, and a detection limit of 6.0 × 10−8 mol l−1. Transistors employing the CuTsPc solution as electrolyte operated at low voltages and performed better than water-gated transistors (W-GTs). The transconductance (gm ) value for EGTs using CuTsPc solution reached 1.93 mS, while for W-GTs it was around 0.10 mS. Thus, the CuTsPc solution not only serves as a target-molecule in sensor measurements, but also demonstrates potential as an electrolyte in EGTs, thereby assuming a dual role within the device. The main advantage of the EGTs as an analytical tool is their use as a multiparameter device that enables the detection of the analytes using different phenomena that occur at the EDLs interface and which, consequently, changes the device’s performance.

Bacteria-imprinted impedimetric sensor based on doping-induced nanostructured polypyrrole for determination of Escherichia coli.

Asimple and label-free bacteria-imprinted impedimetric (BIP) sensor for the sensitive measurement of Escherichia colihas been developed. The BIP sensor is fabricated by one-step electropolymerization of pyrrole (functional monomer), copper phthalocyanine-3, 4', 4'', 4'''-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs, dopant), and target bacteria (E. coli O157:H7) on aglassy carbon electrode. After the removal of the bacterial template, the established imprinted sites on the CuPcTs-doped polypyrrole film (PPy/CuPcTs) enable the highly selective rebinding of target bacteria and the resulting impedance change of the sensing interface is used to detect the target bacteria. We found that during the electropolymerization process, CuPcTs induced pyrrole to form granular-like nanostructured PPy/CuPcTs with excellent conductivity compared with the PPy film, substantially improving the sensitivity of the proposed sensor. The sensor presented a wide detection range (102 ~ 107CFU⋅mL-1, RSD 1.1% ~ 3.5%) with a limit of detection of21CFU⋅mL-1. Furthermore, the proposed sensor effectively distinguished E. coli O157:H7 from other non-target bacteria and exhibited good practicality with recoveries from 91 to 103% in spiked real samples, indicating the potential utility of the sensor in food safety and environmental monitoring.

Construction of Amphiphilic Indocyanine–Green–Based Langmuir Film and Drop–Casting Film with Photoelectric Conversion Properties

Molecular self–assembly is the automatic formation of functional assemblies of different structural components through weak, reversible, non–covalent interactions on the basis of molecular recognition. Amphiphilic molecules have a natural advantage in self–assembly at the gas/liquid interface. In this work, two amphiphilic molecules with a special molecular structure, indocyanine green (ICG) and a derivative of indocyanine green (CCS), were combined with two dye molecules (tetraphenylporphyrin tetrasulfonic acid hydrate (TPPS) and nickel (II) phthalocyanine–tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (TsNiPc) for self–assembly through the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. The nanostructure and assembly behavior in ordered self–assembled films are effectively regulated by inducing dye molecules to form different types of aggregates (H– and J–aggregates). In addition, we prepared composite films containing the same functional components using the conventional drop–casting technique and performed a series of comparative experiments with LB films. The degree of hydrophilicity was found to be related to roughness, with LB composite films being flatter and denser, with the lowest roughness and the best hydrophobicity compared to drop–casting films. Notably, the LB films showed better optoelectronic properties under the same conditions, providing new clues for the application of optoelectronic functional ultrathin film devices.

Chelating Co-reduction Strategy for the Synthesis of High-Entropy Alloy Aerogels.

Aerogels, as three-dimensional porous materials, have attracted much attention in almost every field owing to their unique structural properties. Designing high-entropy alloy aerogels (HEAAs) to quinary and above remains an enormous challenge due to the different reduction potentials and nucleation/growth kinetics of different constituent metals. Herein, a novel and universal chelating co-reduction strategy to prepare HEAAs at room temperature in the water phase is proposed. The addition of chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt, sodium citrate, salicylic acid, and 4,4'-bipyridine) with a certain strong coordination capacity can adjust the reduction potential of different metal components, which is the key to synthesize single-phase solid solution alloys successfully. The optimized AgRuPdAuPt HEAA can be an excellent electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with an ultrasmall overpotential of 22 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and excellent stability for 24 h in an alkaline solution. In situ Raman spectroscopy unveils the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction mechanism of HEAAs. Overall, this work provides a novel chelating co-reduction strategy for the facile and versatile synthesis and design of advanced HEAAs and broadens the development and utilization of multi-elemental alloy electrocatalysts.

Selective flotation of brucite from calcite using HEDP-4Na as an inhibitor in a SDS system

In this study, the selective adsorption of (1-hydroxyethylidene) bis-phosphonic acid tetrasodium salt (HEDP-4Na) on a calcite surface and its impact on the separation of brucite were examined using a microflotation test, contact angle measurement, zeta potential measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The microflotation test revealed that HEDP-4Na selectively inhibited calcite from brucite at pH 10.5 in the sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) system. Under the dosage condition of 180-mg/L HEDP-4Na, a single-mineral floating difference of 73.79% was achieved between brucite and calcite. The contact angle measurement revealed that HEDP-4Na considerably reduced the contact angle of calcite in the SDS system but only weakly affected the contact angle of brucite. Zeta potential analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the HEDP-4Na adsorption interfered with the SDS adsorption on the surface of calcite; however, the HEDP-4Na adsorption had little effect on the SDS adsorption on the surface of brucite. XPS and AFM analyses demonstrated that the selectivity and effect of HEDP-4Na on calcite were considerably stronger than those on brucite and the HEDP-4Na adsorption on the calcite surface was significant and strong.

Chelating agents for the removal of calcareous deposits from archaeological ceramic materials. Compositional evaluation after immersion and physical gel application methods

The removal of calcareous deposits from archaeological ceramics is a very normal conservation-restoration treatment. Among the products used, chelating agents are quite common, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts (EDTA) (Berducou in La Conservation en archéologie: méthodes et pratique de la conservation-restauration des vestiges archéologiques, Masson, Paris, 1990; Buys and Oakley The conservation and restoration of ceramics, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1993; Crisci et al. in Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/893528). Nevertheless, some studies have proved that they can cause damages on the ceramic pieces, regarding changes in their composition, such as dissolution of calcareous components and metallic oxides leaching (Gibson in Stud Conserv, 1971. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/893528; Fernández and Seva Sautuola in Rev del Inst Prehist y Arqueol 9:471–982, 2003). As a consequence, their artistic values might also change. In spite of that, these products are nowadays still in use, meaning that the treatments might be changing the information that archaeological ceramics carry. However, from the 80 s onwards a more secure alternative to direct application methods based on thickening agents was developed. With the aim of analysing the degradation mechanisms that may take place after the cleaning treatments’ application, ceramic specimens with artificial calcareous deposits (Sáenz-Martínez et al. in Eur Phys J Plus 136:798, 2021) were treated with a low-concentrated solution of EDTA tetrasodium salt applied by immersion and thickened with xanthan gum powder (Vanzan® NF-C). Finally, the products from the cleaning treatments were neutralised, respectively, by immersion and by rinsing with deionized water. The composition of the ceramic samples was established before the growth of calcareous deposits and after the treatments, in order to determine their effectiveness and safety. According to the results, EDTA salt treatments, both by immersion and thickened, were effective regarding the removal of the calcareous deposits and did not modify the elemental and mineralogical original composition of the specimens (XRF, XRPD, TG-DSC). In addition, no gel residues were detected by FTIR-ATR.

Mast Cell-Associated Serotonin in Acupoint Contributes to Acupuncture Analgesia in Arthritis Rats by Mediating ATP Release.

The activation of subcutaneous mast cells (MCs) helps to trigger the analgesic effect induced by acupuncture (AP), a traditional oriental therapy, that has been gradually accepted worldwide. This work aimed to reveal whether the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) released from MCs plays an important role in this process, which has a controversial effect in the mechanism of pain. In vivo tests, a 20-min session of AP was applied at Zusanli acupuncture point (acupoint) of acute ankle arthritis rats. Pain thresholds of the injured hindpaw were assessed to reflect the pain state, and the targeting substances in the interstitial space of the treated acupoint were sampled by microdialysis. In vitro experiments, exogenous 5-HT (exo-5-HT) was introduced to mediate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from cultured MCs. Needling promoted 5-HT accumulation at the Zusanli acupoint, which was prevented by sodium cromolyn. AP's analgesic effect was suppressed by the inhibition of 5-HT receptors at the acupoint, especially 5-HT1A subtype. In vitro tests, mechanical perturbation mimicking needling stimulation induced MCs to release 5-HT. 1 μM and 10 μM of exo-5-HT facilitated ATP release, which was restrained by blocking of 5-HT1 receptors rather than 5-HT3 receptors. As 5-HT, ATP and adenosine were also transiently accumulated in the treated acupoint during needling. Promoting ATP hydrolysis or activation adenosine A1 receptors duplicated AP analgesic effect. Finally, the inhibition of ATP receptors by suramin or pyridoxal phosphate-6-azo tetrasodium salt hydrate (PPADS) prevented AP analgesic effect. Our results suggest that MC-associated 5-HT release at acupoints contributes to AP analgesia, and the mediation of ATP secretion through 5-HT1A receptors might be the underlying mechanism at play. ATP could facilitate adenosine production or the propagation of needling signals.

A controllably fabricated polypyrrole nanorods network by doping a tetra-β-carboxylate cobalt phthalocyanine tetrasodium salt for enhanced ammonia sensing at room temperature.

The morphology adjustment and functional doping optimization of polypyrrole (PPy) are of great significance in improving its gas sensing performance. Here, the PPy-0.5TcCoPc nanorods with a uniform dispersed 3-D network were prepared using one-step in situ polymerization using the electrostatic interaction between dopant counterion substituents in tetra-β-carboxylate cobalt phthalocyanine tetrasodium salt (TcCoPcTs) with larger space structure and pyrrole (Py) molecules, in which TcCoPcTs is not only used as a dopant molecule crosslinking PPy chains to obtain a 3-D network, thus improving the conductivity, but also as a sensor accelerator to improve the gas-sensing performance. The resulting PPy-TcCoPc hybrid exhibits superior NH3-sensing properties than PPy and tetra-β-carboxylate cobalt phthalocyanine (TcCoPc) under the same test conditions, especially the PPy-0.5TcCoPc sensor shows ultrafast response/recovery time to 50 ppm NH3 (8.1 s/370.8 s), low detection limit of 8.1 ppb and excellent gas selectivity at room temperature (20 °C). Besides, the PPy-0.5TcCoPc sensor also maintains superior response (49.3% to 50 ppm NH3), humidity resistance and conspicuous stability over 45 days. The excellent NH3-sensing performance of the PPy-0.5TcCoPc hybrid arises from the excellent gas selectivity of TcCoPc, the remarkable response mechanism between PPy and NH3, the high electrical conductivity, abundant active sites and good electron transport ability of the unique 3-D network with large specific surface area. The morphology regulation and functional doping optimization strategy of TcCoPcTs doped PPy broaden the research direction of ideal gas sensor materials.

Adsorption of heavy metal ions by sodium chelating PAN fabrics

This study developed a method of filtering heavy metals in water by using dimethylacetamide to dissolve polyacrylonitrile(PAN) fibers and prepare an electrospinning solution. The diameter, surface morphology, and quantitative absorption rate of the electrospun fibers were then explored to determine their efficiency in filtering lead ions (Pb2+) in water. The results revealed that when powdered ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (EDTA-4Na) was mixed with the electrospinning solution, the diameter of the resulting fibers (0.47 μm) was slightly greater than that of the fibers created without adding EDTA-4Na (0.44 μm); this was attributable to the adsorption of the added EDTA-4Na powder on the PAN fiber surface. Quantitative results from ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed that after 180 min, the PAN fabric created using the electrospinning solution chelated with EDTA-4Na exhibited a greater Pb2+ absorption rate (34.47%) than did that created using the solution without EDTA-4Na (9.77%).

Palladium Nanoparticles Entrapped In a Hydrogen Bonded Crystalline Organic Salt Matrix as a Selective Heterogeneous Reduction Catalyst

Hydrogen bonded crystalline organic salt matrix encapsulates Pd nanoparticles and makes them selective non-pyrophoric catalysts towards reduction of carbon – carbon triple bonds, inhibiting simultaneous C=O reduction. The comparison of the catalytic performance with Pd/C was carried out to show similar catalytic activity of both catalysts towards C=C bonds.

An ultra-high power density supercapacitor: Cu(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt doped polyaniline

In this study, an excellent electrode and supercapacitor performance with aqueous electrolyte exhibiting high operating voltage was obtained. Cu(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) was used as a dopant in the polymerization of aniline on carbon felt electrode (CFt) by one-step hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the morphological structure of PANI and CuPcTs doped PANI electrodes. Chemical analysis of the electrodes was performed using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR); thermal properties of the electrodes were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). The surface area and pore volume of the electrodes were investigated using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. With the addition of CuPcTs and the use of graphite plate (GP) as the counter electrode, an asymmetrical supercapacitor was created for pseudocapacitive supercapacitors, in which the properties of redox materials were improved. CuPcTs doped PANI electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 982.2 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 and showed excellent rate capability at different current densities of charge-discharge tests. Furthermore, wide operating-voltage of 3.2 V exhibited an ultra-high energy density value of 12800 W kg −1 and had an energy density of 764.4 Wh kg −1 . The electrode and supercapacitor displayed retention of capacitance performances of 91.4% and 79.7% after 1000 and 5000 cycles in aqueous electrolyte, respectively. • CuPcTs doped PANI carbon felt electrode was developed for supercapacitor applications. • 3.2 V wide operating voltage supercapacitor with 3.0 M KCI electrolyte. • A high specific capacitance of 982.2 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 and excellent rate capability at charge-discharge tests. • A -maximum energy density of 764.4 Wh kg −1 and ultra-high power density of 12800 W kg −1 can be obtained for device.