Terms Of Business Models Research Articles

Towards circular manufacturing systems implementation: A complex adaptive systems perspective using modelling and simulation as a quantitative analysis tool

A transition towards circular manufacturing systems (CMS) has brought awareness of untapped economic and environmental benefits for the manufacturing industry. Conventional manufacturing systems already present a high level of complexity in terms of physical flows of materials and products as well as information and financial flows linked to them. Closing the loop of materials and products through multiple lifecycles, as proposed in CMS, increases this complexity manifold. To support practitioners in implementing CMS through enhanced decision-making, this research studies CMS from a complex adaptive systems (CAS) perspective and proposes to exploit methods and tools used in the study of CAS to characterise, model and analyse CMS. By viewing CMS as CAS composed of autonomous, interacting agents, this research proposes a multi-method model architecture for modelling and simulating CMS. The different CMS stakeholders are modelled individually as autonomous agents by integrating agent-based, discrete-event, and/or system dynamics modules within each agent to capture their diverse and heterogeneous nature. The applicability of the proposed multi-method approach is illustrated through a case study of a white goods manufacturing company implementing CMS in practice. This case study shows the relevance and feasibility of the proposed multi-method approach as a decision support tool for the systemic exploration and quantification of CMS. It also shows how a transition towards CMS necessitates a lifecycle approach in terms of costs, revenues and environmental impacts to identify hotspots and, therefore, design circular systems that are viable in both economic and environmental terms. In fact, the analyses of the simulation results indicate how decisions in terms of business models, product design, and supply chain might affect the CMS performance of the case company. For instance, implementing a service-based model led to a high number of usecycles (on average six usecycles per washing machine), which, in turn, led to high lifecycle costs and emissions due to more frequent transportation and recovery operations. Similarly, the deployment of long-lasting washing machines, which is a core principle of CMS, led to high manufacturing costs. Due to the high initial costs and a time mismatch between revenues and costs in the service-based model, it required a longer time for the company to reach the break-even point (approximately 23 months). Overall, the case study shows that multi-method simulation modelling can provide decision-making support for a successful implementation of CMS.

BMC DATA—A HOLISTIC TOOL FOR MEASURING THE MATURITY OF DATA INTEGRATION INTO THE BUSINESS MODEL

Although the potentials of data analyses appear promising, companies often fail to develop specific ideas und successfully implement complex data analyses. In this paper, we present BMC Data, a novel, stand-alone tool for the comprehensive assessment of the maturity of a company’s business model in terms of data integration. To obtain a holistic view of all facets of a business model, this analysis reflects on all relevant dimensions of data integration. We tested the functionality of BMC Data in a survey aimed at managing directors and persons at management level (sample size [Formula: see text] = 158) within a wide range of company sizes and branches. The evaluation shows that BMC Data is suitable for supporting companies in analysing and reflecting on their business model.

Fostering Equality in Education: The Blockchain Business Model for Higher Education (BBM-HE)

This paper seeks to address which business model in higher education that fosters SDG 4, is adequate for the post-pandemic period. To that end, it introduces the “Blockchain Business Model for Higher Education” (BBM-HE) and a transformed business model canvas framework based on existing literature, concepts, theories and findings relating to most of the pressing issues in higher education from the present study. To determine these issues, secondary data is used in the qualitative research design by applying inductive content analysis techniques to online reports. The originality of this study lies in the “adaptive” perspective to the requirements of the post-pandemic higher education landscape, which consists of modifications to the core elements of higher education, the integration of blockchain technology into the entire system, and a stronger approach to sustainability practice through sustainability tokens. The envisaged model sets out to provide a roadmap for all stakeholders, but most importantly, “decentralized” higher education institutions of the future and the “employable skills-seeking” proactive students all over the world, as opposed to the former “solely degree-focused and affluent” consumers of educational offerings. This study contributes to higher education literature in terms of business models, blockchains, pandemics, and sustainability.

Реакция малого и среднего бизнеса на коронакризис: влияние органов власти субъектов Федерации

The decline in Russian business activity due to the Covid restrictions was much lower than forecasted by international financial institutions. Even the small and medium enterprises (SME) sector, which experienced a significant downturn, in 2021 demonstrated a recovery and intentions to conduct business. The present study aims to reveal the impact of regional authorities on the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises during the crisis, coupled with the entrepreneurs’ own efforts and economic freedom in the region. To this end, a case study of Sverdlovsk oblast, a large Russian region with a diversified industrial structure and a developed SME sector, was analysed. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were utilised in the case study. Qualitative methods include semi-structured interviews with CEOs aimed at identifying deep motives of activity and diversity of business responses to external challenges. As for quantitative methods, the economic freedom index of the region for 2002-2020 was calculated using the Coates method, the relationship between entrepreneurial activity in Sverdlovsk oblast and government intervention in the regional economy was assessed based on the ordinary least squares regression. The study demonstrated that the number of individual entrepreneurs depends on the government participation in the regional economy, while the activity of legal entities is more related to economic freedom. During the crisis, demand reduction and change, real income decline, restrictions on cross-border transactions and a growing concentration of market power accelerated changes in companies’ business models in terms of interaction with consumers, value proposition, networking and digitalisation of business. Additionally, business associations involved in the interaction between companies and public authorities gained importance in this period. The research results can be applied in the design of public policy measures for the small and medium-sized enterprises and regional development.

Research on the Innovation Strategy of Snowboard Business Model Based on the Improvement of Connecting Elements and Self-embedded Connecting Technology

In recent years, the prevalence of skiing at home and abroad has enriched the application scenario of skis; and for China, where the penetration rate of ice and snow sports is less than 1%, its development space is very huge, and at the same time, since most of the ski connection technology is glued and polluted, its environmental design is urgent. This paper is based on a more environmentally friendly and efficient advanced connection technology, the business model innovation strategy research of snowboard in sports equipment. Through the open point hot melt system of snowboard equipment, customized self-embedding system, fully automatic and highly intelligent self-embedding connection process, can achieve the ultimate goal of better than the current connection manufacturing technology whether it is hand-made, or automated gluing. In terms of business model, a business model suitable for the characteristics of this technology and the ski market has been studied. Through the three target markets, from the agency or OEM model, we gradually develop into a pioneering enterprise involved in front-end equipment development. Through the way of stable direct sales revenue to ensure a healthy cash flow and eventually achieve a deep integration of nested products with customer companies.

CLUSTERING OF BANKS ACCORDING TO THEIR BUSINESS MODELS

The business models of banks were identified according to previously formed parameters. The authors distinguished business models of Ukrainian banks such as retail, universal, corporate, corporate with retail financing. The paper studies ranking method to analyze and compare banks business models in terms of financial and risk indicators.

Perspectives on the evolution of a fabrication laboratory in an emerging country: a comparative lexicometric study of European FabLabs

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to help in the establishment of the first fabrication laboratory (FabLab) in Tunisia. The FabLab movement offers many interesting opportunities through value creation, innovation, training and access to digital manufacturing technologies. A newly created FabLab should be well-positioned in terms of business model, purpose and management. The aim of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of FabLabs in developed countries (mainly in France and Luxembourg) and to provide recommendations on the possible development of a FabLab in Tunisia (FabLabENIT).Design/methodology/approachTwelve FabLabs were visited and experts from the makers movement were interviewed. Data from the visits and interviews were analysed using lexicometric tools. This methodology is based on three main steps: first, the identification and selection of panel of studied FabLabs interviews; second transcribing and coding for IRaMuTeQ software; and third, correspondence analysis.FindingsThe correspondence analysis determined five main factors of analysis that were interpreted using the most correlated words. The analysis of the correlation of the FabLabs and these five factors showed that FabLabENIT was strongly correlated with the third factor (interpreted as the organisation and structure factor). Recommendations for the purpose, local impact and methods were derived using the position of FabLabENIT in relation to the other factors.Practical implicationsThis study highlighted five main topics that characterise FabLabs in developing countries before and after their creation. A second practical contribution of this paper is that it provides a framework for FabLab managers and founders to anticipate possible trajectories of evolution for their organisations, especially in an emerging country. Another contribution, both practical and methodological, is the demonstration of the use of textual interview analysis tools (mainly correspondence analysis) to determine the main practices and characteristics of a creative organisation, such as a FabLab.Originality/valueOne original feature of this paper is the topic of the study, especially in the current context of the COVID-19 outbreak, in which the FabLab movement provided interesting solutions that were designed and manufactured using digital manufacturing technologies. A second originality resides in the use of lexicometric techniques to analyse the information that was discussed during the interviews.

Business Model to Create Value for a Client of SPA and Wellness Hotels

Purpose: The article aims to identify the components that make up the package of spa and wellness services that provide the value delivered to specific market segments in the business models of hotel enterprises. Design/Methodology/Approach: A survey was conducted using the questionnaire through the computer-assisted internet interview technique. The survey was carried out between November 2020 and February 2021 among 482 representatives of spa and wellness hotels operating in three-, four-, and five-star Hotels in the Polish market. The empirical procedure was carried out using cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and linear regression analysis using Statistica and RStudio. Findings: The research has identified four market segments for which hotels offer spa and wellness services with customer value. In addition, they also made it possible to identify the components and attributes of an offer of value for customers. On their basis, it should be concluded that the higher the facility category, the greater the hotel guests' expectations of value, i.e., the smaller the difference between the expectations and the minimum requirements. As a result, the main task of hotels is to create a business model through an offer that meets expectations and generates value. Practical Implications: The research results may be an inspiration for shaping, modifying, and redefining spa and wellness hotel business models in terms of the value proposed to selected market segments. Originality/Value: Nowadays, due to the changing environment and the organizational crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant number of enterprises are considering modifying their current business model. Thus, the conducted research allowed the issues related to creating value for the client and shaping business models to be supplemented.

Tax Regulation of Transfer Pricing: National And International Specifics

This article studies the main provisions and features of transfer pricing regulation in the Russian and international tax practice. In the context of the transition to the digital economy, the current transfer pricing methods fail to match modern business models in terms of approaches to value creation. Thus, it is necessary to examine the main aspects of developing the state regulation of transfer pricing in the Russian Federation to determine the main shortcomings of the Russian price control in controlled transactions. The article presents the typical features of controlled transactions and the prospective use of blockchain technology in the management of transfer pricing.

Location of Airbnb and hotels: the spatial distribution and relationships

Ubicación de los hoteles y preferencias: distribución espacial y relacionesPropósitoEl propósito de este estudio es comparar la distribución espacial de Airbnb y los hoteles en Londres y examinar la relación entre los factores demográficos, socioeconómicos y ambientales y la oferta de estos dos tipos de oferta de alojamiento.Diseño/metodología/enfoqueLa información local de los anuncios de Airbnb en Londres se recopiló a través de Insideairbnb.com. Los datos recopilados se examinaron mediante análisis de autocorrelación geoespacial y modelos econométricos espaciales.ResultadosLos resultados indican que Airbnb predomina en las zonas aledañas a los atractivos turísticos populares y las zonas periféricas de la ciudad, mientras que en la zona centro Airbnb y los hoteles se encuentran en estado de convivencia. El modelo monocéntrico y el modelo de aglomeración podrían extenderse al contexto de la acomodación entre pares. La ubicación de Airbnb y los hoteles tradicionales se basa en diferentes factores.OriginalidadEste estudio amplía los modelos teóricos de ubicación de hoteles en el contexto de Airbnb y arroja luz sobre la distinción entre estos dos modelos comerciales en términos de factores de ubicación.Limitaciones de la investigaciónEl estudio se basa en datos secundarios debido a la disponibilidad de datos. Y se basa en el caso de Londres, por lo que los hallazgos pueden no reflejar la situación de las ciudades pequeñas y los destinos rurales.Implicaciones practicesLos hallazgos sugieren que las autoridades locales deberían prestar más atención a la seguridad laboral de las empresas profesionales y restringir los alquileres a corto plazo alrededor de las atracciones turísticas.

Financial Efficiency Measurement in Airlines and Determining Factors of Efficiency

The aim of the study is to compare airlines by carrying out measurement of efficiency of them obtaining different business models in terms of financial. The other aim is to reveal variables which have influence on score of efficiency. With this regard, airlines are separated into two groups, namely, traditional and low-cost airlines based on their business models. While the measurement of traditional and low-cost airlines efficiency was carried out with Data Envelopment Analysis, factors affecting efficiency scores of airlines were determined by Tobit regression model. According to the results of the study, airlines obtaining low-cost business model are more efficient than airlines obtaining traditional business model in terms of financial. Moreover, large-scale traditional airlines are more efficient than medium-scale traditional airlines. In terms of Tobit regression model, there are different results for two groups.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ ТА СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЇ БАНКІВ ЗА БІЗНЕС-МОДЕЛЯМИ

Анотація Банківські установи схильні до зміни бізнес-моделі залежно від зовнішніх економічних умов, які можуть бути обумовлені як змінами потреб ринку, так і змінами у конкурентному середовищі чи нормативно-правовому регулюванні. Залежно від різновиду банків за бізнес-моделями, вони по різному можуть реагувати на вплив зовнішніх та внутрішніх факторів. Така ситуація в подальшому може призвести не тільки до змін у бізнес-архітектурі банківського сектору, але й вплинути на темпи економічного зростання країни. В статті розглянуто підходи до класифікації банків за бізнес-моделями, проведено критичний аналіз існуючих підходів до класифікації банків за бізнес-моделями. Дослідження систематизації та класифікації банків за бізнес-моделями виявило що існуючі підходи до класифікації є досить фрагментарними та недостатньо розширеними. Проведені автором систематизація та узагальнення існуючих у світовій практиці теоретичних підходів до класифікації різновидів бізнес-моделей банків, дозволили обґрунтувати авторську класифікацію банків за їхніми бізнес-моделями, що включає нові класифікаційні ознаки, зокрема, історичні передумови та розвиток інституційного середовища, вплив банків на соціально-економічні процеси в державі та вектор економічного зростання, впровадження інновацій та інформаційних технологій, асортимент банківських продуктів та послуг, розвиток мережі філій. Запропонований у роботі підхід, на відміну від існуючих, є комплексним та сприятиме вибору банком найбільш оптимальної та дієвої бізнес-моделі, що повною мірою враховуватиме вплив сучасних умов господарювання. Розширена класифікація, яку можна було б використовувати в середині країни та за її межами дозволить гармонізувати загальний підхід, який постійно узгоджується та регулярно оновлюється, враховуючи мінливий ландшафт банківського сектору. Ключові слова: банк, бізнес-модель банку, класифікація банків, кластер банків, критерії класифікації бізнес-моделей. Формул 0; Рис.: 2; табл.: 1; бібл.: 16

Business Model: Literature Review

The term Business Model has been in use for many years which is a scientific method of being creative and innovative in creating successful business. The aim of this literature review is to define the theory relating to the business model (which includes various definitions from business and economic perspectives) and create a real-life analytical tool to define the characteristics of each part of business model, i.e., customers, distribution, value, resources, activities, cost and revenue.

A state-of-the-art review of the sharing economy: Scientometric mapping of the scholarship

Using a dataset of 2,229 scholarly outputs from the Web of Science on the sharing economy (SE), our scientometric review provides a taxonomy of the current research on the SE in terms of their contributions, theories, and methods utilized in existing studies. The review also highlights a typology of the inter-related concepts of the SE. We demonstrate four clusters of existing research: freelance work and its implications, transportation and solutions for the sustainable development of the SE, user experience and collaborative consumption, and the SE in the context of hospitality and tourism. We suggest future research directions in terms of the need to investigate the SE implications on a wider set of stakeholders including businesses and governments, to examine the SE value creation in terms of business models and entrepreneurship, to investigate the SE in other industries and sectors, and to conduct large-scale empirical studies in this research domain.

The Fourth Market theory and interest rate benchmarking in the Islamic finance industry

Purpose This paper aims to understand the issue of interest rate benchmarking in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) from a macro-economic perspective and assessing the relevance of creating a Sharīʿah-compliant profit rate benchmark to solve this issue. This paper also aims at suggesting an Islamic alternative that will handle both the negative economic impact on IFIs as well as on their financial performance. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on literature review of conventional finance and Islamic finance theories to construct a theoretical model to assess the impact of interest rate benchmarking on the ability of IFIs to achieve the objectives of the Islamic economy. Findings The macro-economic perspective concludes that conceiving a profit rate benchmark for the Islamic finance industry is not relevant to raising the Sharīʿah credibility of the industry. Indeed, several adjustments need to be introduced in terms of the business model. Research limitations/implications The recommendations of this paper require the involvement of financial authorities and governments for their implementation. Indeed, the adjustments require a macro-economic review. Practical implications The paper considers a profit rate benchmark irrelevant and inefficient. Instead, it suggests the necessary adjustments in terms of business model and economic approach for IFIs to achieve their objectives. Social implications The paper considers zakat implementation and the adjustment of IFIs as the real path to implement a fair wealth distribution in the society. Originality/value The creation of a profit rate benchmark has always been the only solution for the pricing issue in IFIs. This paper challenges this idea and tries to give a deeper understanding of the situation.

Why do users (not) repair their devices? A study of the predictors of repair practices

Academic literature on circular economy describes repair as an important strategy to prolong the lifetime of products. However, repair is often analyzed in terms of business models or product designs and tend to underestimate the role of consumer practices and routines. The paper adds to the growing body of consumer research on repair with a particular focus on the relation between past repair behaviour, product usetimes and different product types. Based on previous research and a conceptual perspective on repair as a social practice, the paper describes a survey-based, quantitative analysis of the role of social and material settings, meanings and competences for the likelihood of repairing an object (either DIY or by repair services). We further explore the pertinence of repair for prolonging product usetimes compared to other product related practices like replacements. A model is proposed that predicts patterns of 1) how agency- and setting-related aspects are predicting repair and 2) how product related practices predict product usetimes for two different consumer goods (washing machines and smartphones). Both models were implemented and tested by structural equation modelling (SEM) with latent variables, using R lavaan. The tests revealed among others that the behavioural and financial costs for repair are perceived as high and social and material settings are more likely to impede than to enable repair. We also found that novelty seeking is an important predictor for non-repair and short product usetimes, but that there are significant differences between smartphones and washing machines. Based on our results we discuss further research and policy strategies to understand and change the current culture of non-repair.

Features and Functions of Multifunctional Urban Agriculture in the Global North: A Review

In recent years, urban agriculture (UA) projects have bloomed throughout the world, finding large applications also in the developed economies of the so-called Global North. As compared to projects in developing countries, where research has mainly targeted the contribution to food security, UA in the Global North has a stronger multifunctional connotation, and results in multiple combinations of farming purposes and business models pursued. The present review paper explores the contribution and role that UA plays in cities from the Global North, defining its functionalities toward ecosystem services (ES) provisioning and analysing the factors that hinders and promote its regional diffusion and uptake. The manuscript integrates a description of UA growing systems, as well opportunities for crop diversification in the urban environment, and a comprehensive classification of UA business models. The distinctive features in terms of business models, farming purposes and farm size are then applied over an inventory of 470 UA projects in the Global North, allowing for a characterization and comparative analysis of distribution frequency of the different project typologies.

Sweetening the Deal: The Ingredients that Drive Consumer Adoption of Online Grocery Shopping

ABSTRACT Over the past decades, consumer adoption of online grocery shopping has increased steadily. Yet, overall market share is still comparatively low and retailers start questioning the prospects of the maturing distribution channel. The existing landscape of online grocery channels has seen little innovation nor diversity in terms of business models, reflecting the prevailing assumption that consumer online grocery shopping behavior is largely homogeneous. The present research challenges this notion by updating the understanding of consumer online grocery shopping behavior in a large-scale, representative study of Danish consumers. The results reveal distinct segments of online grocery adopters, which differ in their importance placed on perceived benefits of online grocery shopping. These segments can be targeted based on differences in preference for price, convenience, and service. The findings imply potential for retailers’ differentiation in the market of online grocery shopping.

Transitioning Collaborative Cross-Sector Business Models for Sustainability Innovation: Multilevel Tension Management as a Dynamic Capability

Collaborative cross-sector business models for sustainability innovation (CCSBMSI) in response to grand challenges are rich foci for tensions. This is the case of CCSBMSI targeting independent living through Information and Communication Technology–enabled care. This research aims at identifying the relevant tensions, understanding their interactions, and assessing how they can be effectively managed so that CCSBMSI become more valuable for partners and transformative for society. A conceptual framework that understands the management of interrelated institutional and interorganizational tensions as a dynamic capability is substantiated through in-depth, qualitative analysis of the long-term dynamics of a four-sector CCSBMSI in telecare—including government, businesses, nonprofits, and informal actors. Its effects on the transition of business models in terms of value creation, delivery, and capture; on relevant stakeholders—particularly nonprofits and beneficiaries; and on the development of the sustainability innovation are discussed. The conceptualization, tension categories, and management capabilities of CCSBMSI are amplified.

Dynamics of Constraints and Organizing Practices for Business Model Innovation

This research examines how organizational ingenuity enables organizational actors to turn constraints into new organizing practices for business model innovation. Adopting the case study method utilizing observations, interviews and internal meetings with key stakeholders of the popular ‘Lady First’ TV program in Taiwan, we analyze how, in the face of constraints, organizational actors ingenuously develop new organizing practices that enable the program to transform its business model in terms of value creation, value communication, and value capture. These organizing practices involve leveraging the knowledge of organizational actors to create value, incubating potential lead users to communicate value, and converting social capital into economic capital to capture value. Our paper contributes to the business model innovation literature by linking organizational ingenuity, constraints, and practices for business model innovation in the context of a creative services firm. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are also discussed.